• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2010

This study is to observe the bacteriocidal effect of the Low Level Laser (LLL) against oral microorganisms which are related to the occurrence of periodontal diseases and oral malodors. The Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561 (P. gingivalis 2561) and Prevotella intermedia (Pr. intermedia) were treated with photosensitizing substance-toluidine blue O (TBO; C.I. 52040) and then radiated with the LLL which has 650nm wavelength for 1, 2, 3 and 5mins. continuously upon varying distances of 1, 2 and 3cm for each experimental groups. The results are as follows; 1. The P. gingivalis 2561 which was treated with TBO and then radiated with LLL at a distance of 3cm for 1min. showed 99.99% higher antibacterial effect in comparison to the experimental group treated only with TBO. 2. The Pr. intermedia which was treated with TBO and then radiated with LLL at a distance of 3cm for 1min. showed 99.8% higher antibacterial effect in comparison to the experimental group treated only with TBO. 3. The bacteriocidal effect of the P. gingivalis 2561 treated with TBO was found to gradually increase as the radiation time of LLL extended from 1min. to 3min. at 1min. intervals. 4. A slight decrease in bacteriocidal effect of the P. gingivalis 2561 was found as the radiation distance of LLL increased from 1cm to 3cm at 1cm intervals. 5. The bacteriocidal effect of the Pr. intermedia was found to slightly decrease as the radiation distance of LLL increased from 1cm to 3cm at 1cm. intervals. As the results shown above suggest, the bacteriocidal effect of LLL was found to increase as the radiation time extended and the distance shortened. Moreover, even the experimental group radiated with LLL at 3cm distance for 1min. which showed the lowest level of bacteriocidal effect, was found to have 99.8% higher bacteriocidal effect than the experimental group which was treated only with TBO and, therefore, this clearly shows the bacteriocidal effect of LLL against oral microorganisms. Thus, the use of LLL is thought to become very useful for suportive treatment for periodontitis and implantitis, and controlling oral malodors as long as it is used within the limits where there is no side effect.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.447-452
• /
• 1999

The role of bacteria in root canals and periapical infections is well known and established. In these bacteria, black-pigmented bacteria(BPH) play important role in endodontic infection. BPB are Gram negative anaerobic rods which are closely related 50 clinical symptoms such as pain, percussion, tenderness, foul odor, etc. In America and Europe, many studies on BPB have been done and are continued. But, relatively few studies have been done in Korea, especially its prevalence in Korean population is not yet studied. The purpose of this study is to establish prevalence of BPB in infected root canals and periapical abscesses in Korean people. Microbial samples were collected from the root canals of 34 intact tooth with periapical rarefactions of endodontic origin and 3 periapical abscesses. All samples were incubated in an anaerobic chamber(Coy, Model No. 77. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.). Identification of In microorganism was based on its growth in the anaerobic chamber, colonial pigmentation, colonial morphology, Gram stain, and Rapid ID32A(BioMericux SA/69280 Marcy-l'Etoile/France) results. In addition, the polyme ase chain reaction using specific primers for 16S rRNA genes were used differentiate Prevotella nigrescens for Prevotella intermedia. The results were as follows : 1. In this study, thirteen (35%) of thirty seven samples were positive for the growth of BPB. In thirteen samples, sixteen strains of BPR were found. 2. The most frequently identified BPB in root canals and abscesses in Korean were P. nigrescens 5/37(14%) and P. intermedia 5/37(14%). Porphyromonas gingivalis 3/37(8%), Porphyromonas endodontalis 2/37(5%) and Prevotella loecheii 1/37(3%) were also found. 3. In this study, no significant differences were found between the prevalence of BPB in Korean and that of American and European.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.54-65
• /
• 2002

Black-pigmented bacteria have been implicated in the endodontic infections. This group of microorganisms includes Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens. The organisms display a wide variety of virulence factors that may be pertinent to acute endodontic infections. The aim of this study was to identify P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and P. nigrescens by using special potency disk test, filter paper spot test, 165 rRNA gene-directed PCR, and API 32A. Microbial samples were collected from root canals of 33 intact teeth with necrotic pulp and/or apical periodontitis. Conventional laboratory methods were used for identification of the strains of black pigmented bacteria. Eighteen of 33 samples were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria Five colonies were cultured from each pure cultured colonies from Brucella agar plate. Seventy seven colonies were positive for the growth of black-pigmented bacteria. Thirty three of 77(42.6%) were identifed as P. nigrescens, 10 of 77(12.9%)were P. gingivalis, 6 of 77(7.8%) were P. endodontalis, 10 of 77(12.9%) were P. intermedia. On the contrary the reference strains of P. nigrescens, experimental strains of P nigrescens was sensitive to kanamycin in special potency disk test. 165 rRNA gene PCR and API test after rapid presumptative identification methods, such as special potency disk test and filter paper spot test, would be accurate detection methods for black-pigemented bacteria.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2013

In general, oleanolic acid (OA) and ursolic acid (UA) have antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive bacteria but not Gram-negative bacteria whereas sophoraflavanone G has antimicrobial activity against both bacterial types. However, the antimicrobial effects of OA, UA, and sophoraflavanone G against periodontopathogens have not been studied to any great extent. The aim of this study was to investigate antimicrobial effect of OA, UA, and sophoraflavanone G against 15 strains (5 species) of oral Gram-negative bacteria, which are the major causative bacteria of periodontal disease. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determinations. OA and UA showed antimicrobial effects against all of the Porphyromonas gingivalis strains tested and also Prevotella intermedia ATCC $25611^T$. Interestingly, P. intermedia ATCC 49046 showed greater resistance to OA and UA than P. intermedia ATCC $25611^T$. In contrast, sophoraflavanone G had antimicrobial activity against all strains, with MIC and MBC values below $32{\mu}g/ml$, except Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. These results indicate that sophoraflavanone G may have potential for use in future oral hygiene products such as dentifrices and gargling solution to prevent periodontitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.325-333
• /
• 1999

The antibacterial efficacy of a mouthrinse(Denta Gargle) containing CPC(cetylpyridinium chloride), NaF and UDCA(ursodeoxycholic acid), on major periodontopathogens, was in vitro examined and compared with that of Listerine by a broth dilution method. The bacteria tested were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Bacteroides forsythus, Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii, Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. The growth of all the bacteria were completely inhibited by a 1-min exposure to the both mouthrinses. When diluted at 1:5 or more, all bacteria analyzed but P. intermedia were not inhibited by Listerine. In contrast, Denta Gargle showed highly increased maximum inhibitory dilutions(MID) against all periodontopathogens included in this study, with MIDs ranging from 5-fold(F. nucleatum) to 160-fold dilutions(P. intermedia). The MIDs against A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis and T. denticola. were 1:40, 1:80, 1:80 and 1:80, respectively.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.201-202
• /
• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.1265-1272
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative components and anti-oralmicrobial effect of bamboo (Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis Stapf) leaves. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, and carbohydrate contents were 6.30%, 5.10%, 1.73%, 10.61%, and 76.26%, respectively. Vitamin C content was higher than Vitamin A and E contents. Among organic acids, citric acid content was the most abundant organic acid, followed by succinic acid, acetic acid, malic acid, and formic acid. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 21.66 mg/g and 42.78 mg/g, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of extracts of bamboo leaves for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were determined to be 0.04% and 0.16%, respectively. MICs of extracts of bamboo leaves for Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were determined to be 0.02%. Extract of bamboo leaves had strong antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. gingivalis, and P. intermedia at a concentration of 0.32%. At this concentration, extract of bamboo leaves inhibited growth of these pathogenic bacteria up to 60 h. The results of the present study demonstrate the antimicrobial effects of bamboo leaves ethanol extract against oral pathogenic bacteria, suggesting that bamboo leaves could be an effective natural agent for oral hygiene.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.625-639
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study was to an in estimate the antibiotic susceptibility of P. gingivalis and P. interrnedia isolate from the subgingival plaque to adult periodontitis. Six P. gingivalis and five P. intermedia bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents under disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. Ten patients with deep pocket(6mm) were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before this study. The result were as follow : 1. For antibiotic disc diffusion method, six P. gingivalis and five P. interrnedia were tested with 10 antimicrobial agents which comprised penicillin, gentamycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, amikacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin. The sensitive antibiotics were tetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, chloramphenicol and resisitent antibiotics were lincomycin. The other antimicrobial agents were less active. 2. From the study of determination on the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) by broth dilution method, the MIC of tetracycline to P. gingivalis and P. intermedia were $0.5-1.0{\mu}g/ml$, $0.5{\mu}g/ml$, that of ampicillin were $1-8{\mu}g/ml$, that of clindamycin were $1-32{\mu]g/ml$, $8-16{\mu}g/ml$, that of lincomycin were $16-32{\mu}g/ml$, $2-32{\mu}g/ml$. These data suggest that tetracycline and ampicillin may be valuable drug in the elemination of P. gingivalis and P. interrnedia from the patients with adult periodontitis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.227-231
• /
• 2007

Many of antimicrobial components used in the mouthwash have disadvantages such as coloring of periodontal tissue and homing sensation. To find the more biocompatible antimicrobial agent, we have screened the 2,125 kinds of natural plant extracts obtained from by the Plant Extract Bank (Daejeon, Korea). The antimicrobial activity was determined by spectrophotometric growth inhibition assay for the major dental pathogens. For the Porphyromonas gingivalis, 19 plant extracts had an antimicrobial activity, 17 plant extracts for the Prevotella intermedia, 45 plant extracts for the Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and 85 plant extracts for the Streptococcus mutans. Among these effective extracts, 8 kind of natural plant extracts had an antimicrobial activity for more than 3 species of dental pathogens. In our experiment, Cudrania tricuspidata, Morus bombycis and Mallotus japonicas have antibacterial effects on the all kinds of major dental pathogens. Therefore these plant extracts have a possibility to be a candidate for major antibacterial components in dental products.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of 7 putative pathogens in endodontic infections. The specimens were collected from infected pulpal tissue of patients who were referred for root canal treatment to the department of conservative dentistry, Chosun University Samples were collected aseptically using a barbed broach and a paper point. The cut barbed broaches and paper points were transferred to an eppendorf tube containing 500 ml of 1 X PBS. DNAs were extracted from the samples by direct DNA extraction method using lysis buffer (0.5% EDTA, 1% Triton X-100). Identification of 7 putative pathogens was performed by PCR based on 16S rDNA. The target species were as follows : Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Bacteroides forsythus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Treponema denticola. Our data revealed that the prevalence of P. endodontalis was found in 88.6% (39/54), P. ginivalis 52.3% (23/44), P. nigrescens 18.2% (8/44), P intermedia 15.9% (7/44) B. forsythus 18.2% (8/44), A. actinomycetemcomitans 3.3% (1/44), T. denticola 25% (l1/44) of the samples. The high prevalence of P. endodontalis and P. ginivalis suggests that they may play an important role in the etiology of endodontic infections.