• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.63-73
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• 2018

As the life cycle of buildings is expected to increase, new constructions will decrease and the proportion of remodeling and repair will increase. Therefore, there is an increasing need for overall performance management of old buildings. In 2020, the proportion of buildings over 30 years old is expected to reach a half. As a result, the demand for securing and improving the performance in the stage of using the building is increasing due to the change in the demand for the building, such as the decrease in the construction permit and the increase in the use of the existing building. From this perspective, the study sought to consider institutional measures to organize the preventive and conservative maintenance of buildings. For this purpose, the conceptual goals of inspection for building maintenance were set through a literature review, and the status and problems associated with building maintenance were analyzed to suggest ways to improve the inspection system for building maintenance.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.251-260
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• 2009

Objectives : To estimate the annual socioeconomic costs of stroke in Korea in 2005 from a societal perspective. Methods : We identified those 20 years or older who had at least one national health insurance (NHI) claims record with a primary or a secondary diagnosis of stroke (ICD-10 codes: I60-I69, G45) in 2005. Direct medical costs of the stroke were measured from the NHI claims records. Direct non-medical costs were estimated as transportation costs incurred when visiting the hospitals. Indirect costs were defined as patients and caregivers productivity loss associated with office visits or hospitalization. Also, the costs of productivity loss due to premature death from stroke were calculated. Results : A total of 882,143 stroke patients were identified with prevalence for treatment of stroke at 2.44%. The total cost for the treatment of stroke in the nation was estimated to be 3,737 billion Korean won (KRW) which included direct costs at 1,130 billion KRW and indirect costs at 2,606 billion KRW. The per-capita cost of stroke was 3 million KRW for men and 2 million KRW for women. The total national spending for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke was 1,323 billion KRW and 1,553 billion KRW, respectively, which together consisted of 77.0% of the total cost for stroke. Costs per patient for hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were estimated at 6 million KRW and 2 million KRW, respectively. Conclusions : Stroke is a leading public health problem in Korea in terms of the economic burden. The indirect costs were identified as the largest component of the overall cost.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.154-165
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the success factors for the development of health community organizing in regard to its perspective in: 148 village, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using in-depth interviews from February 2020 to December 2021. Seven operators who had worked for the project were enrolled in this study. Results: In this study, the success factors for the development of health community organizing were analyzed as follows; building community relationships across generations; starting from interests of the community; belief that working together can solve the issues; external support based on spontaneity of community; project based on publicness; discovering community-based leadership. Conclusions: This study suggested that health community organizing following the principle of community organizing can sustain and develop itself without external support. In order to develop into resident-oriented health community organizing, it is necessary to reflect the success factors derived from this study.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.2 s.46
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• pp.175-185
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• 1994

In order to anticipate disease pattern and health problems of Koreans in the 1st part of 21st century (by the year 2020), transition of population characteristics, mortality and morbidity data during the last 30 years Koreans have experienced were reviewed. On the actual basis of epidemiologic transition process that has undergone during last 30 years since 1960 along with socioeconomic development and successful implementation of selective national health policies (family planning, medical insurance and etc.), following changes can be expected in the 21st century in Korea, under the assumption that the current rate of progress is maintained. The population of South Korea alone will be doubled the population of 1960 by the year 2013 : aged Population older than 65 years will be increased from 3.3% in 1960 to 11.4% in 2020 with increased average age of the population from 23.6 year in 1970 to 39.2 year in 2020; urban population from 28% in 1960 to 83% in 2005. GNP/capita has increased tremendously from U.S. $120 in 1970 to $6,749 in 1992, and the government estimated it would be 519,350 in 2010 and $29,460 in 2020. Growth and developmental indices of children, educational achievement and social status of women also showed a remarkable improvement and anticipated to make futher progress. Leading causes of mortality and morbidity have shown a striking change during the last 30 years, from infectious diseases to chronic degenerative diseases and man-made injuries. Occurrence of communicable diseases may become minimal although viral hepatitis, venereal diseases Including AIDS, and well adapted herpes virus infections will maintain their endemic level. Newly evolving infectious agents, however, should be carefully monitored because of rapidly changing environments and human behaviours. Tuberculosis may increase up to the epidemic level when AIDS prevails. Ischemic heart diseases may increase steadily with increasing occurrence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus whereas cerebrovascular diseases may be decreased slowly. Musculaskeletal diseases which contribute a lot to the disability of aged people may be a major health problems due to increased aged population. Mental diseases, particularly that caused by alcohol and drug abuse, and senile dementia may become a prominent health problem. On the other hand injuries caused by traffic and industrial accidents that have shown most striking increase till now may be decreased considerably by intensive intervention. The health policies in the 21st century will be oriented to the health promotion for good quality life rather than life-savings.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Many abnormal climate events are occurring around the world. The cause of abnormal climate is related to temperature. Factors that affect temperature include excessive emissions of carbon and greenhouse gases from a global perspective, and air circulation from a local perspective. Due to the air circulation, many abnormal climate phenomena such as abnormally high temperature and abnormally low temperature are occurring in certain areas, which can cause very serious human damage. Therefore, the problem of abnormal temperature should not be approached only as a case of climate change, but should be studied as a new category of climate crisis. In this study, we proposed a model for the classification of abnormal temperature using random forests based on various meteorological data such as longitudinal observations, yellow dust, ultraviolet radiation from 2018 to 2022 for each region in Korea. Here, the meteorological data had an imbalance problem, so the imbalance problem was solved by oversampling. As a result, we found that the variables affecting abnormal temperature are different in different regions. In particular, the central and southern regions are influenced by high pressure (Mainland China, Siberian high pressure, and North Pacific high pressure) due to their regional characteristics, so pressure-related variables had a significant impact on the classification of abnormal temperature. This suggests that a regional approach can be taken to predict abnormal temperatures from the surrounding meteorological environment. In addition, in the event of an abnormal temperature, it seems that it is possible to take preventive measures in advance according to regional characteristics.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.31-46
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• 2013

Objective : To find a collaboration strategy between western medicine and traditional Korean medicine (KM), this study aims to figure out the changes in the perception and attitude of medical doctors toward KM through systematic review. Method : Systematic literature searches were performed on six Korean databases. Studies were categorized according to the respondents and question items and analyzed by the context of questions, similarity of respondents and measurement scale. And we analyzed the changes of response regarding to medical doctors' and medical students' perspective and attitude to KM. Results : Eighteen survey studies including attitude of medical doctors and medical students toward KM were selected, which were conducted from 1993 to 2011. Although the attitude toward KM did not show any positive change, medical doctors have had more interest in acupuncture than herbal medicine and appreciated KM's treatment effect for musculoskeletal disease. In spite of little KM education experience, they had intentions for acupuncture education at least. Many medical doctors have listed the unscientific aspect as a major reason why they cannot trust KM. Medical doctors working for cooperative practice showed more positive attitude than other medical doctors and medical students had more positive attitude in general than medical doctors Conclusion : Though the growth of KM service and cooperative practice since 1990s, medical doctors' attitude toward KM seems to become more negative. To improve their attitude, making scientific evidences for KM is required as well as giving more education and treatment experience.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 1999

Objectives: Since 1991, nationwide massive neonatal screening program for phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism have been performed in Korea. As in many other countries, efficiency of this program has not been definitely concluded. For the purpose of evaluation of this program, from the perspective of efficiency, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out. Methods: Costs of the detection and the treatment program were compared with the projected benefit(avoided costs) that results from the prevention of the mental retardation associated with the disorders due to PKU and hypothyroidism. Costs and benefits were discounted at an annual rate of 5%, and duration of life-long labor was assumed to be 30 years. Cost and benefit were estimated based on the detection rates of one case of PKU per 5,572 and one case of congenital hypothyroidism per 32,554 babies screened during 1991-1997. Results: The benefit-cost ratio was 0.418. The sensitivity analysis for the discount rates and labor durations showed that most cost-benefit ratios were lower than one(1.0) except when discount rate was changed to 3% and detection rate to two- or threefold and/or labor duration to 40 years. Conclusion: The result of this study suggested that present program of mass screening for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism could not be justified in terms of efficiency. It doesn't coincide with the results of previous studies in major developed countries, presumably because of difference in detection rates and welfare cost for the disabled.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.202-209
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• 2011

Current treatment concept of dental caries has been changed, because it has been proved that it is a preventable disease. The philosophy has been changed from purely restorative treatment to preventive caries control. Therefore the methods or criteria of oral examination has been changed. The clinician have to detect not only cavitation, but also the lesion of non-cavitation stage. International Caries Detection and Assessment System II (ICDAS II) was developed recently, which is a new criteria of classification of dental caries. This system was based on the current concept of prevention, early detection and patient-centered management of caries. Therefore this philosophy is in accord with the perspective of pediatric dentistry. The purpose of this article is to introduce this system for oral examination of children.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.160-181
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• 1996

This study measures the subjectivity(opinions, attitudes) of college women. Identifying the schemata (structure of subjectivity) would be a basic step for the sexual educational program and alternative strategies of sexual harassment. More concretely, those following research questions are focused. 1) The subjective schemata : find out typologies based on the opinions and attitudes toward the sexual harassment. 2) Applications : describe the characteristics of each type. 3) Alternatives : provide suggestion of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems of women. Q-Methodological method was used for that purpose. As the research method, Q-statements were collected preliminary to the study of through indepth interviews and a literature review. For the study 34 Q-statements were selected. There were 48 college women as subjects for the research. The 48 college women sorted the 34 statements using the principle of Forced Normal Distribution. The principle of Forced Normal Distribution, which has nine scales to measure the individual opinions, was called. Q-Factor Analysis by using PC Quanl Program to supply the material. According to the outcomes of this study, there were four categories of special opinion about the sexual harassment in college women. The first type is called Blaming offenders type. This type is to hold offenders accountable. The second type is called Preventive alternative strategies type. This type is to take preventive measures. The third type is called Blaming social structure type. This type is to hold the society as a whole responsible. The fourth type is called Blaming victims type. This type is to hold victims accountable. As a result, We not need to change our perspective of women's health problems and need to develop realistic way of caring those women in suffering women's problems. Followings are to be suggested of the alternative strategies for solving the sexual harassment problems. Finally, The result of the study will provide us the clue for developing the sexual educational program and alternative strategies for women's sexual harassment problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.352-361
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• 2010

Objectives: This study estimated the annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 from a societal perspective and using a cost-of-illness method. Methods: Our model employed a comprehensive set of diagnostic disease codes to define food-borne diseases with using the Korea National Health Insurance (KNHI) reimbursement data. This study classified the food borne illness as three types of symptoms according to the severity of the illness: mild, moderate, severe. In addition to the traditional method of assessing the cost-of-illness, the study included measures to account for the lost quality of life. We estimated the cost of the lost quality of life using quality-adjusted life years and a visual analog scale. The direct cost included medical and medication costs, and the non-medical costs included transportation costs, caregiver's cost and administration costs. The lost productivity costs included lost workdays due to illness and lost earnings due to premature death. Results: The study found the estimated annual socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease in 2008 were 954.9 billion won (735.3 billion won-996.9 billion won). The medical cost was 73.4 -76.8% of the cost, the lost productivity cost was 22.6% and the cost of the lost quality of life was 26.0%. Conclusions: Most of the cost-of-illness studies are known to have underestimated the actual socioeconomic costs of the subjects, and these studies excluded many important social costs, such as the value of pain, suffering and functional disability. The study addressed the uncertainty related to estimating the socioeconomic costs of food-borne disease as well as the updated cost estimates. Our estimates could contribute to develop and evaluate policies for food-borne disease.