• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.153-158
• /
• 2003

Purpose : The incidence of hepatitis B virus infection has gradually decreased since 1983 when hepatitis B vaccine was firstly produced. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B immunization. Methods : The elementary, middle and high school children in Incheon area were enrolled in this study in 1997 and 1998. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen(HBsAg) was measured using reversed passive hemagglutination(RPHA). Results : The results were as follows The positive rates of HBsAg in elementary, middle and high school children were 0.7%(337/46,861), 2.5%(381/15,026) and 3.1%(681/21,938) respectively in 1997 and 0.6%(257/41,946), 2.7%(379/13,652) and 2.4%(628/25,277) respectively in 1998. The positive rates of HBsAg in children under 19 years of age in 1985, 1990 and 1995 were 6.1, 5.2 and 3.5% respectively. Conclusion : The positive rates of HBsAg in elementary school children in 1997 and 1998 has decreased compared with those of the previous studies. The majority of elementary school children were given hepatitis B vaccination. These results suggest that hepatitis B vaccines used in Korea were effective for prevention of hepatitis B infection in school children.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.181-190
• /
• 2001

Purpose : Lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination and has various clinical course and prognosis, but there are no accurate guidelines for management of BCG lymphadenitis. We performed this study to reveal the clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis and provide guidelines for its management. Methods : From January, 1997, to May, 2000, 73 patients in the 3~24 months were enrolled. We investigated retrospectively the size, site, and number of lymphadenitis, tuberculin skin test induration, used BCG strains, vaccination age, injection site, treatment and clinical course. The effects of various variables on clinical course were evaluated. Results : 1) There were no statistically significant difference between lymphadenitis size and tuberculin test induration diameter, spontaneous resolution rate, and suppuration rate. 2) Later vaccination(${\geq}1$ mo) and supraclavicular lymphadenitis increased suppuration rate. Using domestic BCG product increased surgical treatment rate. 3) According to treatment(observation vs antituberculous medication), medication did not affect the prevention of suppuration and ironically increased the rate of suppuration and surgical treatment. 4) Suppurative lymphadenitis required more surgical treatment than non-supurative one. Conclusions : Clinical course of BCG lymphadenitis is affected by vaccination age, used BCG strains, site of lymphadenitis, antituberculous medication and suppuration, but not affected by size and number of lymphadenitis. For management of BCG lymphadenitis, systemic antituberculous medicaion is not recommended and regular follow up with observation should be the mainstay. But for suppuration, active surgical en bloc resection should be the treatment of choice.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2005

The disinfectants are important to prevention of infectious diseases for livestock and have been used widespreadly in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the disinfectants on microorganisms with reference to disinfectants concentration and application period in piggery slurry. As material, chemically different four disinfectants were used and no disinfectant, as control. These four disinfectants were Acids, Basic, Aldehydes and Alkalis, respectively. The characteristics pH, moisture content and organic matter of the piggery slurry used in this study were 8.2, $98.6\%,\;0.4\%$, respectively. The initial total microorganisms of piggery slurry were $6.3\times10^5$ cfu/ml, and Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus were $1.2\times10^4,\;4.1\times10^4,\;1.7\times10^4 cfu/ml,$ respectively. The disinfectants were applied at $100\%,\;200\%\;and\;300\%$ concentrations on the piggery slurry surface. It was determined that the effect of disinfectants varied accordance to concentration and application time. The most sensitive microorganisms were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, while Bacillus cereus was found to be durable. As a result of this study, the microorganinsms of the piggery slurry are on the decrease by all disinfectants during 2 weeks, but showed a tendency to increase in number after that time. Accordingly, the microorganisms which are concerned in the liquid composting of piggery slurry were not affected by the disinfectant after 2 weeks.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.1015-1024
• /
• 2023

Antibiotics have greatly contributed to the treatment and prevention of bacterial diseases in humans, animals, and fish. However, antibiotic misuse has led to the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In addition to antibiotic discovery research, efforts are being made to combat such multidrug-resistant bacteria using antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, host immune enhancement, probiotics, and bacteriophages, as well as various symptomatic therapies. To discover novel bioactive compounds, it is crucial to adopt approaches that incorporate fresh ideas, new targets, innovative techniques, and untapped resources. Halophytes are plants that grow in high-salt soils and are known to adapt to salt-induced stress through unique metabolic processes that produce secondary metabolites. This study aimed to investigate the effects of extracts of halophytes native to Korea on oxidative stress and to determine whether they exert inhibitory activity against biofilms, which are major pathogenic factors of infectious bacteria. The Acinetobacter baumannii strain ATCC 17978, a representative drug-resistant bacterium, was used to measure anti-biofilm activity. The results showed that Aster spathulifolius, Carex kobomugi, Rosa rugosa, and Asparagus cochinchiensis exerted strong antioxidant and anti-biofilm effects without affecting bacterial growth itself. The halophytes used in this study are promising candidates for the development of pharmaceutical agents with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.