• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant disease burden in children. This study aims to determine whether a short-course regimen is non-inferior to a standard-course regimen in children with UTIs without complication and presence of bacteremia, and to define, in the optimal way possible, the term "short-course" in this context. Methods: We conducted a rapid systematic review of research up to April 2021 in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. We included studies that compared clinical outcomes in pediatric UTIs treated with short-course(≤4 days) or standard (≥5-7 days) courses. Results: Our analysis suggests that short-course regimes have equivalent efficacy to standard-course regimens, with similar clinical cure rates and recurrence rates. All 10 studies comparing the clinical cure rates of short- and standard-course regimens reported comparable outcomes. The study evaluating renal scarring indicated no inferiority of short-course regimens compared to standard-course ones. Regarding UTI relapse, 8 out of 10 studies reported no significant difference in outcomes between short- and standard-course regimens. Conclusions: Our results purpose that short-course UTI regimens of 6 days or less are just as effective as standard-term regimens of 7 days or more in terms of infection cure and prevention of recurrence. Considering the equivalent rates of clinical cure and relapse between short- and standard-course regimens, it could be inferred that short-course regimens might be a more optimal strategy for managing pediatric UTIs without increasing the risk of complications.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.51 no.3
• /
• pp.336-343
• /
• 2019

In order to investigate the density of seasonal incidence of mosquitoes, a vector of infectious diseases in Jeju region, this study collected mosquitoes using a Black light trap (BL) and Biogents' Sentinel 2 Mosquito Trap (BG), dividing the region into cattle sheds, habitats for migratory birds, and the downtown area, twice a month for 9 months from March through November 2018. Then, this study conducted identification and classification and checked for the presence of Flavivirus using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). As for the mosquito population, 1,847 mosquitoes (six genera, 12 species) were collected. The places where most mosquitoes were collected were copses near craft workshops in habitats for migratory birds and Jungang-dong in the Seogwipo downtown area. For the population, Culex pipiens pallens was the dominant species (76.9%), followed by Aedes albopictus (8.9%). Most of the population was collected in June, followed by August and October. This study conducted a RT-PCR test with 1,847 collected mosquitoes, which were divided into 50 pools if they had Flavivirus. All turned out to be negative. However, the results of the investigation show the presence of Culex tritaineniorhychus, Aedes albopictus, and Anopheles sinensis and can be used as a basis for the comprehensive prevention management of mosquitoes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2019.05a
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2019

One of the major problems with the livestock industry is that in the summer, livestock will die from heat waves or infectious diseases. Under these circumstances, what livestock need is a proper indoor temperature and a regular sterilization system. Therefore, in this study, we developed a system that automatically controls the power of the fan according to the temperature inside the shaft, and a function that provides feed and sterilization on a regular basis, so that we could manage the toast efficiently. It also proposed the ability to automatically control the power of the fan, to display the temperature inside the shaft to mobile applications, and to provide food and sterilization. First, the function of controlling the power of the fan automatically turns the fan on when the temperature inside the shaft rises above a certain level. Conversely, if the temperature inside the shaft falls below a certain level, turn off the fan. Second, the function of the mobile application is to check the temperature inside the shaft. The third feeding function is periodically fed using a servo motor, and the feeding provided is delivered to livestock through a conveyor belt. Finally, the sterilization function is a function to sterilize livestock periodically using DC motor pump. The intelligent congratulatory functions proposed in this study may contribute to the health of livestock.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to identify various psychiatric symptoms and psychosomatic symptoms caused by COVID-19 infection and investigate their long-term impact. Methods : A systematic literature review was conducted, selecting papers from domestic and international databases using keywords such as "COVID-19" and "psychosomatic." A total of 16 papers, including those using structured measurement tools for psychosomatic symptoms, were included in the final analysis. Results : Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety, depression, and somatic symptoms have been reported in acute COVID-19 infection, while long-term post-COVID symptoms include chest pain and fatigue. The frequency of long-term psychosomatic symptoms has been estimated to be 10%-20%. Factors contributing to these symptoms include psychological and social stress related to infectious diseases, gender, elderly age, a history of psychiatric disorders, and comorbid mental illnesses. It is suggested that systemic inflammation, autoimmune responses, and dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system may be involved. Conclusions : Psychosomatic symptoms arising after COVID-19 infection have a negative impact on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Understanding and addressing psychiatric aspects are crucial for symptom prevention and treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.77-88
• /
• 2018

"Standard Precautions" (SP) is important for nursing students as it will lead to the protection of health professionals from infectious diseases and prevention of the wide spread of epidemic illnesses. Therefore, this study investigated factors influencing nursing students' attitudes toward SP. Data were collected from 291 nursing students from May to June, in 2016. According to the results, perceived benefit (4.26) was the highest among sub factors of the health belief model, test score of SP was 78.8%, and attitude score (4 point scale) was 3.63. Perceived sensitivity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, knowledge about SP showed significant correlations with the attitudes towards SP. Among sub-factors of the health beliefs, perceived sensitivity (${\beta}=.152$, p<.05) and perceived barrier (${\beta}=-.125$, p<.05) were found to influence nursing students' attitudes toward SP (F= 5.680, p<.001). Hence, it can be concluded that a convergence education program promoting health belief is needed for improving attitudes toward SP among nursing students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2021

This study is about a blockchain-based collective quarantine management system and its commercialization model. The configuration of this system includes a biometric information transmission unit that generates biometric information based on measured values generated from wearable devices, a biometric information transmission unit that transmits biometric information generated here from a quarantine management platform, and action information transmitted from the community server. is a system including an action information receiving unit for receiving from the quarantine management platform. In addition, a biometric information receiving unit that collects biometric information from the terminal, an encryption unit that encodes biometric information generated through the biometric information receiving unit based on blockchain encryption technology, and a database of symptoms of infectious diseases to store symptom information and an infection diagnosis database. The generated database includes a location information check unit that receives from the terminal of the user identified as a symptomatic person and determines whether the user has arrived in the community based on the location information confirmation unit and the location of the user after the location is confirmed. It includes a community arrival judgment unit that judges. And, the community server helps the interaction between the generated information. Such a blockchain based collective quarantine management system can help to advance the existing quarantine management system and realize a safer and healthier society.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is part of the normal flora but is also responsible for causing many invasive diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis in addition to noninvasive diseases such as otitis in children. Multi-drug resistant strains has raised a lot of concern worldwide and thus the importance of prevention has been emphasized. We have analyzed the current serotypes and antibiotic sensitivity of each serotype as a baseline study to estimate the efficacy of the pneumococcal vaccine in Korean children. Methods : One hundred sixteen cases of pneumococcus cultured at Yonsei Medical Center from September 2001 to January 2003 were analyzed. The serotyping was done with the Quellung reaction and penicillin resistance was tested using the oxacillin disc diffusion method. Results : Pneumococcus were cultured from the sputum in 76 cases(65.5%), from the blood in 13 cases(11.2%), from the ear discharge in 12 cases(10.3%), from the throat in 7 cases(6.0%), from the nasal cavity in 2 cases(1.7%), and one case(0.9%) each from the cerebrospinal fluid, eye discharge, peritoneal fluid, post-operational wound, brain abscess, and catheter tip. Serotyping was possible with 98 cases and the following serotypes were found; 15 cases of type 19F(15.3%), 11 cases of 19A(11.2%), 8 cases of 11A(8.2%), 7 cases each of 6A, 14 and 3(7.1%), 6 cases each of 35, 6B and 23F(6.1%). Eighty two cases(70.7%) out of 116 cases were penicillin resistant and serotypes 19F, 19A, 11A, 23F, 6A, 9V constituted the majority, 48 cases(59.8%). These serotypes showed resistance to cotrimoxazole (74.4%), tetracycline(69.5%), and erythromycin(90.3%) as well. In the 22 cases cultured from children, 19A and 19F were found in 25.0%, 6A, 6B, and 23F in 10.0%, 11A, 14, 19, and 29 in 5.0%. Fifty percent(10/20) of the clinical isolates were represented in the current 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine, and 85%(17/20) when the cross-reacting serotypes were included. Penicillin resistance was found in 86.4%(19/22). Conclusion : The percentage of serotypes included in the 7 valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine found in our study was 40.8% which was less than other prior studies. In anticipation of a change of pneumococcal serotypes, a nationwide multicenter study is needed before the initiation of pneumococcal vaccines in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.362-373
• /
• 2021

This study was conducted to establish mosquito distribution density and habitat in Sejong city for the prevention of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. The overall distribution of mosquitoes in the Sejong City was investigated, and the population density of mosquitoes in the old and new city was analyzed. Mosquito populations were determined using MOSHOLE and Blacklight traps once a week overnight. We also compared the mosquito population density of the old city and the new city, and the daily mosquito population was calculated using the data from the smart mosquito trap(DMS). Of all the study sites, Geumnam-myeon had the highest number of mosquitoes captured, and the dominant species were Armigeres subalbatus and Culex pipienspallens. Mosquito species with the potential for transmitting diseases were mainly found in Yeonseo-myeon (106 individual), and Geumnam-myeon (101). Mosquito collection rates by MOSHOLE trap and Blacklight trap were 58.49% and 41.51%, respectively. We concluded that using CO₂ would be the most suitable approach for collecting mosquitoes. The mosquito population density in the old city (92.05±7.04) was approximately twice that of the new city(51.50±4.05). Since Sejong City is divided into old city and new city, it is difficult to spot remarkable effects in a standardized way. For effective quarantine, differentiation of quarantine must be established. This study results provide a basis for Sejong City's integrated mosquito control guidelines, and therefore effective control of which we believe will help control the spread of mosquito-borne diseases and reduce damage from mosquitoes.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.183-190
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To evaluate the number and severity of adverse reactions after Japanese Encephalitis (JE) vaccination in children using different vaccines (inactivated vaccine or live attenuated vaccine) and to determine the ability and safety of the vaccines to provide effective immunization for JE. Methods : From August 2006 to February 2007, we conducted a prospective cohort study of the adverse reactions associated with JE immunization in Korea. We investigated common adverse reactions during the 4 days following immunization using telephone collaborations with four public health centers and nine pediatric clinics. Results : The mean age of children receiving the inactivated vaccines and live attenuated vaccines, respectively, were 1.4 y (range: 1 to 8.5) and 1.7 y (range: 1 to 8.3). The number of children that received the inactivated vaccines was 425 (64.6%). A total of 233 (35.4%) received the live attenuated vaccines. Fourteen children (3.3%) had more than one localized adverse event with the inactivated vaccine, and six (2.6%) had more than one event with the live attenuated vaccine (P =0.607). Systemic adverse reactions occurred in 5.2% vs. 8.2%, respectively, of these groups (P =0.131). Fever was more common in the live attenuated vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group on the day of vaccination (P =0.026). Conclusions : The rate of adverse events in our study was even lower than that previously reported. No significant difference in outcomes between inactivated vaccine and live attenuated vaccine was found in JE-immunized children. Fever was more common in the live attenuated vaccine group than in the inactivated vaccine group on the day of vaccination.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.7-19
• /
• 2017

Recently, the incidence of disasters and safety incidents is increasing rapidly, and the interest and demands of the people are increasing. In particular, traffic accidents in Korea are decreasing due to the continuous efforts of the government and the local governments, but still higher than the OECD average. In response to such demands of the times, the 'Regional Safety Index', a numerical value that quantifies the level of safety of each local government, is being publicized every year to awaken public awareness. The Regional Safety Index covers seven categories of accidents (traffic accidents, crimes, suicide, infectious diseases, fire, safety accidents, and natural disasters) in local governments. But, this study focuses on the traffic accident area and analyzed. The target local government is Ulju county of Ulsan Metropolitan City. Based on the traffic accident statistical data of Ulju county, the analysis of the traffic accidents and vulnerable points were analyzed. Among them, 3 key improvement districts were selected and 15 vulnerable branches were selected for each key improvement district. Next, we prepared measures for improvement of each accident vulnerable site through analysis of geographic information through traffic data related to traffic accidents and interview with related organizations. In addition, the improvement measures are divided into the structural infrastructure improvement, the institutional improvement, and the traffic safety culture movement from the viewpoint of traffic accident prevention. Finally, the implications of this study are to clarify the duties and roles of the relevant departments in the municipality, based on the implementation schedule of the improvement projects for the prevention of traffic accidents and the budget plan. In addition, it is very important that the participating agencies involved in traffic accidents and the private sector participate in the project.