• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.507-519
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence, health behaviors, and control of hypertension in rural areas in Korea. Method: A total of 927 subjects above age 20 were selected from the areas which fell under the jurisdiction of the 24 Community Health Center located in Chungcheongbuk-do. The employees in the Community Health Center visited and interviewed patients. Data were collected using a questionnaire from July to October 2002. Result: The result showed that women had higher hypertension prevalence rates than men and the increment of its rate leveled up according to age. The hypertension prevalence rate was significantly high when the monthly income was less than 1 million won, their type of the Medical Insurance was the Guardian, they were only able to read Korean characters, and they were bereaved of spouses. In the Health behavior related to hypertension, the hypertension group showed a significantly lower level than the non- hypertension group in terms of drinking rate, smoking rate, intake of salt and intake of meat. There was no significant difference in the exercise rate and coffee intake rate between these groups. In the degree of the obesity the hypertension group was significantly higher than the non-hypertension group. The factors related to hypertension were that the duration for the incidence of hypertension was 12 to 60 months and took up 41.2%. The places where the medical check-ups occurred were the Community Health Center at 46.6%, the medical institution was mostly hospitals recording 46.5%. There were 66.1% of the targets who knew well about their blood pressure and there were 64.7% people who received education about it. As for the education place, the rate of Community Health Center was mostly high and it stood at 77.0%. In the aspect of the management of hypertension, the targets who took medicine on a regular basis were up to 76.1% and the targets who measured blood pressure once a month happened to be about 46.1 %. The targets who always recorded their blood pressure were 3.8%, chest X-ray as a related examination of hypertension reached 32.6%, electrocardiogram examination was 36.2%, cholesterol and serum lipid examination took up 33.6%, and the eye ground examination took 7.3%, which showed the lowest level of all.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 1992

Patterns in the outbreaks of senile diseases were investigated on 1, 264 workers by special examination among the 43, 210 industrial workers by the screening test performed in Kwang-ju and Chon-nam Branch of Korean Industrial Health Association from January 4 to December 31 in 1991. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Prevalence rate of senile diseases of industrial workers was 2.9%. And prevalence rate according to the kinds of senile diseases was observed in the order of hepatitis (0.9%), hypertension(0.7%), diabetes mellitus(0.5%), anemia(0.4%). 2) Prevalence rate of complicated senile diseases of industrial workers was 0.5%. And prevalence rate according to kinds of complicated senile diseases was observed in the order of others hypertension and arteriosclerosis (0.1%), HBV and others chronic hepatitis(0.1%), essential hypertension and arteriosclerosis(0.03%), iron deficiency anemia and leukopenia(0.03%).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.353-359
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• 2013

Objectives: We examined the trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Korea as a basis for improving hypertension control programs. Methods: 12 598 participants of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Weighted linear regression to test time trends from 2007 to 2011 was performed. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 20.7% in 2007, 29.4% in 2009, and 26.2% in 2011. Awareness of hypertension was 64.8% in 2007 and 61.1% in 2011. Awareness in those aged 65 and over was greater than in younger groups (age 19 to 44 and 45 to 64; p<0.001). The treatment rates were 58.4% in 2007 and 56.8% in 2011. The treatment rate was greater for those 65 and over than for younger age groups (p<0.001). The percentage of controlled hypertension was 37.6% in 2011. The percentage of controlled hypertension in those 65 and over was higher than in younger age groups (p<0.001). The treatment-control rates were 65.9% in 2007 and 67.7% in 2011. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in the males (p<0.001), while the awareness (p<0.001), treatment (p<0.001), and control (p<0.001) rates were higher in the females. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension was increasing and the hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates were low in younger age groups and males.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of hypertension in Haiti and to describe regional characteristics, and thus to speculate Haitian specific regional risk factors. This is a descriptive and comparative study. Subjects were 145 male/female Haitians, who aged between 30 and 59 and have lived in rural areas, had their hypertension indicators being screened. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. More than four fifth of the subjects (82.8%) showed pre-hypertensive or moderate to severe hypertensive condition. 65.5% of the total had abnormal pulse pressure ($PP{\geq}50$) and 13.8% of the sample showed tachycardia (Heart $Rate{\geq}100$). Female Haitian tended to have higher diastolic blood pressure and faster heart rate than male Haitian. The residents who lived in Part 5-1 area with less accessibility to drinking water tended to have higher systolic and diastolic pressure. Hydration status of Haitians was highly considered as an affecting factor on the distribution of hypertension as evidenced by different level of accessibility to drinking water.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.235-249
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to use data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to study relationship between oral disease and chronic disease that generally persist from 6 months to over a year, or more specifically, circulatory disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Methods : Of the data from the third year of the 4th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 7,893 adults over 19 years old who completed medical examination, health survey, and nutrition survey were selected as the final research subjects. Relationship between chronic disease and oral disease was analyzed by cross tabulation (2-test) and logistic regression analysis using SPSSWIN ver 18.0. Results : 1. Differences in the rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and the rate of prevalence of missing teeth were statistically significant with respect to age, gender, marital status, education level, residential area, income level, and occupation. Rate of prevalence of dental caries was statistically significant with respect to age, education level, and income level. 2. After examining the relationship between existence of chronic disease as diagnosed by doctor with oral disease, rate of prevalence of periodontal disease and missing teeth, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis showed statiscally significant difference. 3. Examination of rate of prevalence of chronic disease with respect to oral disease, periodontal disease and missing teeth exerted statistically significant influence on hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis (p<0.05), while dental caries did not have statistically significant effect. 4. Analysis of coupling effect of periodontal disease and missing teeth on chronic disease showed that they were related in all chronic diseases examined in this study (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes, and osteoporosis) (p<0.05). Conclusions : Periodontal disease and missing teeth were found to increase the rate of prevalence of chronic disease.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.527-533
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) corresponding to body mass index (BMI) of $25kg/m^2$ and to survey the prevalence of hypertension according to obesity in female college students. Method: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured for each of 286 female college students in J City, Chungbuk. Results: The subjects' mean BMI was $21.4kg/m^2$, and the estimated prevalence of obesity was 11.2%. The subjects, the 80th-90th percentile of whom had BMI exceeding $25kg/m^2$, were found to have WC of 75-78.1 cm and WHR of 0.79-0.80, respectively. Of the subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$), 53.1% exhibited abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) and 40.6% had WHR over 0.80. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with BMI, WC, and WHR. The prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$) was 25%. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) was 39.1%. Conclusions: Our study indicates that WC corresponding to BMI of $25kg/m^2$ in female subjects in their twenties is different from that of adult women. We also found that the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity was high. Therefore. we suggest further studies to determine the cutoff value of WC for evaluating abdominal obesity and to investigate the long-term effects of obesity on women in their twenties.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.228-241
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among women with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional study of 288 women with rheumatoid arthritis was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital. Data were collected by reviewing the women's medical charts and self-report questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia was 27.8%, 5.9% and 48.3%, respectively. Despite the high prevalence of dyslipidemia, the subjects'awareness of it and its treatment rates were the lowest, which resulted in a low control rate. Of the 288 subjects, 158 (55%) had at least one of the three conditions. The prevalence of the combination of cardiovascular risk factors increased with age, and 32.7% of those aged 60 or older had two or three of the cardiovascular risk factors. Combinations of cardiovascular risk factors were significantly related with severe pain and fatigue. Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent among the women with rheumatoid arthritis, but the rates of awareness, treatment, and control were suboptimal. There is a pressing need to facilitate the prevention, early detection and appropriate management of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in order to prevent cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 1999

Objectives. The health examination survey was conducted in order to estimate the prevalence of major chronic diseases in a community Methods. A multi-stage stratified probability sample of 1,656 persons, aged from 20 to 69 years, was drawn out from Kuri City. All sampled persons were personally informed of the purpose, content and procedures of the survey and mobile examination center was run between 6 AM and 9 PM for the convenience of the participants. Results. 854 persons (339 males and 515 females) completed this survey with a response rate of 53.4%. Prevalent diseases in male were hypertension(19.0%), HBs Ag carrier(9.8%), impaired glucose tolerance(8.7%), diabetes mellitus(6.3%), hypercholesterolemia(3.4%), anemia(2.7%) and degenerative arthritis(2.6%) in order of prevalence rate. Prevalent diseases in female were osteoporosis(22.5%), impaired glucose tolerance(17.3%), anemia(12.8%), hypertension(12.4%), degenerative arthritis (6.6%), HBs Ag carrier(5.8%), diabetes mellitus(5.4%) and hypercholesterolemia(3.5%) in order of prevalence rate. Conclusions. This results suggest that hypertension was most prevalent in adult male whereas diabetes mellitus including IGT, osteoporosis were most prevalent in adult female, in Kuri City.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.144-152
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to identify the prevalence rate of hypertension and diabetes a in the urban communities and to provide the basic data for development of health promot The subjects of this study were 526 people over the age of 20, living in Seoul. Data for this collected from June 19, 2001 to September 25, 2001. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The subject group is comprised of males, $57.4\%$ and females, $42.6\%$. Their ages range from 20 to 89, and the weights from 40 to 94 kilograms. 2. In the systolic blood pressure, $36.1\%$ showed high, $56.5\%$ normal. and $7.4\%$ low. In the diastolic blood pressure, $50.5\%$ showed high, $48.9\%$ normal, and $1.7\%$. low. In the blood glucose, $70.3\%$ showed normal. $27.9\%$ high, and $1.7\%$. low. 3. There was a significant difference in the mean(SD) of the systolic blood pressure by age(p=.017) and weight(p=.005). Another significant difference was found in the mean (SD) of the diastolic blood pressure by age(p=.006) and weight(p=.007). There was a significant difference in the mean(SD) of the blood glucose by sex and age(p=.001). 4. There were significant correlations between the blood pressure and the blood glucose and the sex, age and weight. 5. The multiple regression analysis showed that the age and weight explained $9.9\%$ of the systolic blood pressure, that the weight and age explained $7.1\%$ of the diastolic blood pressure, and that the age and systolic blood pressure explained $7.0\%$ of blood glucose. The results were useful in developing health promotion programs. This study suggests that a further study be needed.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2015

Objectives: The prevalence of hypertension in Korean rural elderly was significantly higher than that of the general population. Determining the potential risk factors of hypertension would be useful for managing and improving the treatment and prevention of hypertension in rural areas. Methods: We studied 336 elderly individuals 110 males, 226 females) aged between 65 years and 95 years residing in the rural area, S-gun Jeonbuk. Health-related habits, frequency of intake of food groups, nutrient intakes, anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed. Subjects were defined as hypertensive if SBP was ${\geq}140mmHg$ or if DBP was ${\geq}90mmHg$ or take an antihypertensive drug. Results: The rate of prevalence of hypertension in the study group was 51.8% (male 40.0%, female 57.5%). The risk of occurrence of hypertension was higher among females (OR, 1.98), 75 years old or older (OR, 1.62), BMI ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ (OR, 2.84), acceptable range (upper end) of body fat (OR, 2.29) and unhealthy (too high) range of body fat (OR, 3.28), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 2.17) and hypercholesterolemia (OR, 5.42), low protein intakes (OR, 1.78). However, health related habits, frequencies of intake of food groups and most nutrient intakes except for protein did not show any significant relationship with the occurrence of hypertension. Conclusions: To reduce the risk of occurrence of hypertension among elderly individuals in rural areas, it is needed to avoid increase of body fat, 25 or higher BMI ($kg/m^2$) and hyperlipidemia and low intake of proteins.