• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.39-42
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• 2003

Automatic concentration control system for pretreatment of dyeing was set up with adaptive control system supported by Fuzzy logic for the high speed successive pretreatment of fabric. Concentration of pretreatment bath was determined by the conductivity due to the ionized NaOH. Usability of this system was also evaluated with 30wt% of NaOH (conductivity of 0.25 S/cm) as an initial concentration. Conductivity fluctuated between 0.31 and 0.17 S/cm. This range accorded with the 21-35wt% of NaOH concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system inducted by streptozotocin (STZ). In rats, STZ(50mg/kg) administered by tail vein caused a significant rise in hepatic aniline hydroxylase and a decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase when compared to control (p<0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamice inhibited these effects (p<0.05). Similarly, STZ induced changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity were inhibited by pretreatment with nicotinamide (p<0.05). However, changes in UDP-glucuronyl transferase and sulfortransferase activity were not significantly different(p>0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamide also prevented STZ induced increases in glutathion S-tranferase activity when compared to the control(p<0.05). There results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment suppresses STZ-induced changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2022

The objective of this study is to investigate whether CGS generated in IGCC satisfies the fine aggregate quality items specified in KS F 2527(Concrete Aggregate) through the pretreatment process system and the quality improvement the system. The statistical significance of the pretreatment process was analyzed through Repeated Measurements ANOVA as measured values according to individually pretreatment process system. As a result of the analysis, In the case of CGS fine aggregate quality before and after the pretreatment process system, the density increased 5.2 %, the absorption rate decreased by 1.86 %, the 0.08 mm passing ratio decreased by 2.25 %, and Fineness Modulus and Particle-size Distribution were also found to be adjustable. It was found that the pretreatment process system was significant in improving the quality of CGS.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 1999

For experimental studies on the anticonvulsion effect and it was measured in mice that toxigenic effect, influence on the central nervous system, anticonvulsion effect, mechanism of anticonvulsion effect by change of GABA level and glutamic acid in brain, effect of the creation and degradation system of brain oxygen free radicals in convulsion. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Samulanshintang was perfect medicine without toxigenic effect. 2. Pretreatment of Samulanshintang did not influence on the central nervous system. 3. Pretreatment of Samulanshintang did not influence on maximal electric seizure(MES), strychnine, bicuculine and picrotoxin, but pentylenetrazol(PTZ)-induced convulsion significantly decreased. 4. Effect of Samulanshintang except for Jinsa on the PTZ-Induced convulsion decreased. 5. Effect of Samulanshintang fragrance(SMATF) and Samulanshintang distiled water(SMATW) on the PTZ-induced convulsion did not influence. 6. Decrease of brain GABA level in PTZ-induced convulsion was increased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 7. Decrease of brain glutathione content in PTZ-induced convulsion was increased by pretreatment of Samu- lanshintang. 8. GABA-T activity increased by PTZ-induced was controlled by the pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 9. Increase of brain lipid peroxide content in PTZ-induced convulsion was decreased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 10. Significant increase of brain xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities in PTZ-induced was controlled by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 11. Decrease of brain superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in PTZ-induced was decreased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. From the above results, Samulanshintang was perfect medicine without toxigenic effect and was recognized anticonvulsion effect by decreasing brain glutamic acid level and increasing brain GABA level. Samulanshintang have an effect on creation and degradation system of brain oxygen free radicals in convulsion, thus it was considered that Samulanshintang could be applied in convulsive disorder as epilepsy, febrile seizure and spasm etc.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2014

Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination has gained wide and increasing acceptance around the world as a straightforward undertaking to alleviate the alarming water crisis. An enhanced monitoring of the quality of the water feeding in seawater RO (SWRO) plant through the application of an effective pretreatment option is one of the keys to the success of RO technology in desalination plants. Over the past 10 years, advances in ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technologies in application for water and wastewater treatment have prompted an impetus for using membrane pretreatment in seawater desalination plants. By integrating SWRO plant with UF pretreatment, the rate of membrane fouling can be significantly reduced and thus extend the life of RO membrane. With the growing importance and significant advances attained in UF pretreatment, this review presents an overview of UF pretreatment in SWRO plants. The advantages offered by UF as an alternative of pretreatment option are compared to the existing conventionally used technologies. The current progress made in the integration of SWRO with UF pretreatment is also highlighted. Finally, the recent advances pursued in UF technology is reviewed in order to provide an insight and hence path the way for the future development of this technology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.413-420
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• 2019

Pretreatment system of desalination process using seawater reverse osmosis(SWRO) membrane is the most critical step in order to prevent membrane fouling. One of the methods is coagulation-UF membrane process. Coagulation-UF membrane systems have been shown to be very efficient in removing turbidity and non-soluble and colloidal organics contained in the source water for SWRO pretreatment. Ferric salt coagulants are commonly applied in coagulation-UF process for pretreatment of SWRO process. But aluminum salts have not been applied in coagulation-UF pretreatment of SWRO process due to the SWRO membrane fouling by residual aluminum. This study was carried out to see the effect of residual matal salt on SWRO membrane followed by coagulation-UF pretreatment process. Experimental results showed that increased residual aluminum salts by coagulation-UF pretreatment process by using alum lead to the decreased SWRO membrane salt rejection and flux. As the salt rejection and flux of SWRO membrane decreased, the concentration of silica and residual aluminum decreased. However, when adjusting coagulation pH for coagulation-UF pretreatment process, the residual aluminum salt concentration was decreased and SWRO membrane flux was increased.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2024

The study investigated the effect of thermo-alkaline pretreatment on the solubilization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and its potential to enhance of thermophilic anaerobic digestion, focusing on biochemical methane potential (BMP) and methane production rate, using two different particle sizes of PHB (1500 ㎛ and 400 ㎛). Thermo-alkaline pretreatment tests were conducted at 90 ℃ for 24 hours with varying NaOH dosages from 0-80% (w/w). BMP tests with untreated PHB exhibited methane production ranging from 150.4~225.4 mL CH₄/g COD and 21.5~24.2 mL CH₄/g VSS/d, indicating higher methane production for smaller particle sizes of PHB, 400 ㎛. Thermo-alkaline pretreatment tests achieved a 95.3% PHB solubilization efficiency when 400 ㎛ PHB particles were treated with 80% NaOH dosage at 90 ℃ for 24 hours. BMP tests with pretreated PHB showed substantial improvement in thermophilic anaerobic digestion, with an increase of up to 112% in BMP and up to 168% in methane production rate. The results suggest that a combined pretreatment process, including physical (400 ㎛ PHB particles) and thermo-alkaline (90 ℃, 40-80% NaOH dosage, and 24 hours reaction time), is required for high-rate thermophilic anaerobic digestion of PHB with enhanced methane production.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2002

The catalytic combustion of benzene, toluene and xylene over Pt-based catalyst was investigated in a fixed bed flow reactor system with atmospheric pressure to recycle the waste industrial catalyst for the processes of removing volatile organic compounds. According to the pretreatment condition, the properties of the waste Pt-based catalyst were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction) and BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Toller). In the carte of air pretreatment, 20$0^{\circ}C$ was found to be optimal, and increasing pretreatment temperature resulted in the reduction of the catalytic activity. When Pt-based catalyst pretreated at 20$0^{\circ}C$ by alto was retreated by hydrogen, the catalytic activity increased by increasing treatment temperature. In the case of HNO$_3$aqueous solution pretreatment, the catalytic activity decreased by increasing the concentration of HNO$_3$aqueous solution. The catalytic activity was seen to observe the following sequence : benzene > toluene > xylene.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.611-616
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• 2011

The impacts of ultrasonic pretreatment on the biodegradability of domestic sewage sludge were evaluated through a series of anaerobic digestion experiments in batch system. The gas and methane production from the sludge samples pretreated by an ultrasonic tool with different durations were measured with time. Although the biogas production increased with the extent of sludge solubilization and the period of ultrasonic pretreatment, the enhancement of sludge biodegradability was much more sensitive to the pretreatment for the relatively short periods. Most of the enhanced biodegradability by the pretreatment was appeared in the early stage of anaerobic digestion, less than 6 days. The maximum biogas production per day was observed between 4 to 6 days when the sludge was pretreated less than 10 minutes while it was obtained in the beginning for the sludge pretreated longer periods. The results suggest that the repeated alternation of low strength ultrasonic pretreatment and anaerobic digestion may be more effective than the combination of one time pretreatment for a relatively long period and following anaerobic digestion.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

For the productivity improvement, it is necessary to analyze problem of the system and evaluate alternative plans. But, it if hard to experiment and evaluate alternative plans in real existing system. Therefore, it is necessary to synthetically analyze and evaluate alternative plans using simulation and statistical analysis method. In this case study, as a simulation language, Promodel is used to compare and evaluate four alternatives which are considered to improve the productivity of an object system. The object system is constituted of a pretreatment line and a painting line. The purpose of this study is to analyze whether the decrease of the down time in pretreatment line can be effective to the productivity improve comparing with exiting system and other alternatives. The other purpose is to choose an alternative that has the best productivity improvement. The results of the simulation show that the possibility of improvement in productivity by decreasing the down time of pretreatment line. Two-Stage Bonferroni Procedure is used to choose the best alternative.