• Wind and Structures
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.471-488
• /
• 2019

Wind pressure is a critical argument for the wind-resistant design of structures. The attempt, however, to explore the wind pressure field on buildings still encounters challenges though a large body of researches utilizing wind tunnel tests and wind field simulations were carried out, due to the difficulty in logical treatments on the scale effect and the modeling error. The full-scale measurement has not yet received sufficient attention. By performing a field measurement, the present paper systematically addresses wind pressures on the rectangular attic of a double-tower building. The spatial and temporal correlations among wind speed and wind pressures at measured points are discussed. In order to better understand the wind pressure distribution on the attic facades and its relationship against the approaching flow, a full-scale CFD simulation on the similar rectangular attic is conducted as well. Comparative studies between wind pressure coefficients and those provided in wind-load codes are carried out. It is revealed that in the case of wind attack angle being zero, the wind pressure coefficient of the cross-wind facades exposes remarkable variations along both horizontal and vertical directions; while the wind pressure coefficient of the windward facade remains stable along horizontal direction but exposes remarkable variations along vertical direction. The pattern of wind pressure coefficients, however, is not properly described in the existing wind-load codes.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 1985

Recently, the problem of exhaust gas pollution is increasingly being aggravated by the active use of the Diesel engine. For the fuel-injection system which affects the composition of exhaust gas from the Bosch type single-hole nozzle in the Diesel engine, a mathematical model was set up to study pressure variations in the high pressure pipe, the injection rate, and the needle lift. The fundamental equations of the mathematical model have been solved by the Newton Raphson Method applying the Finite Diffrence Method. The effective stroke of the injection pump plunger due to a change in engine rpm was calculated by the measurement of Control Rack, Pinion, and Plunger sizes and by the use of Characteristic Curve of Governor. The computed results for the pressure variations in the high pressure pipe and needle lift at 800 rpm and 1000 rpm are in good agreement with experimental ones in general. By a developed program, the effects of other various parameters will by calculated for the performance of the fuel-injection system.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 1996

The connecting rod bearing, which is subjected to periodical dynamic loading, is an impoRant component of the reciprocating engine. In the operation of this bearing, significant parameters are the oil film thickness and the film pressure. Peak film pressures of 20-30 MPa are not uncommon. So the elastic deformation of the bearing housing can have a significant effect on the bearing performance. In this study, a numerical analysis of connecting rod bearing is investigated. Elastic deformation of the bearing housing is considered in the analysis. Separate hydrodynamic and structural analysis are coupled through a direct iterative process. It is shown that as the result of the elastic deformation of the bearing housing, the eccentricity ratio is increased, and the minimum value of the minimum film thickness and the maximum value of the maximum film pressure are decreased. The variations of rotational speed and cylinder pressure affect the minimum film thickness and the maximum film pressure variations of the connecting rod bearing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2004.03b
• /
• pp.274-281
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the existing Stokoe type torsional shear equipment is modified to saturate the specimen and measure excess pore water pressure during undrained testing. Two types of sands, Geumgang and Toyoura sands, were collected and TS tests were performed at various densities drainage conditions, and confining pressures. The cyclic threshold shearing strains were estimated based on the variations of shear modulus, material damping ratio and pore pressures with loading cycles. The effects of relative density, confining pressure, and drainage condition on the cyclic threshold shearing strains were investigated.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2001

It is necessary to understand the combustion process and cycle-by-cycle variation in combustion to improve the engine stability and consequently to improve the fuel economy and exhaust emissions. The pressure related parameters instead of mass fraction burned were compared for the effect of initial combustion pressures on the following combustion and the analysis of cycle-by-cycle variation in combustion for two pen injected SI engines. The correlation between IMEP and pressures at referenced crank angles showed almost the same trends for equivalence ratios, but the different mixture preparations indicated different tendency. The dependency of IMEP on pressure at the referenced crank angles increases as the mixture becomes leaner for both engines. The mixture distribution in the combustion chamber was varied with the coolant temperature and intake valve deactivation due to the evaporation of fuel and air motion. The correlation between pressure related parameters were also compared for the coolant temperatures and air motion.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to analyze the variations of air temperature, relative humidity and pressure in a low pressure chamber for plant growth. The low pressure chamber was composed of an acrylic cylinder, a stainless plate, a mass flow controller, an elastomer pressure controller, a read-out-box, a vacuum pump, and sensors of air temperature, relative humidity, and pressure. The pressure leakage in the low pressure chamber was greatly affected by the material and connection method of tubes. The leakage rate in the low pressure chamber with the welding of the stainless tubes and a plate decreased by $0.21kPa{\cdot}h^{-1}$, whereas the leakage in the low pressure chamber with teflon tube and rubber O-ring was given by $1.03kPa{\cdot}h^{-1}$. Pressure in the low pressure chamber was sensitively fluctuated by the air temperature inside the chamber. An elastomer pressure controller was installed to keep the pressure in the low pressure chamber at a setting value. However, inside relative humidity at dark period increased to saturation level.. Two levels (25 and 50kPa) of pressure and two levels (500 and 1,000sccm) of mass flow rate were provided to investigate the effect of low pressure and mass flow rate on relative humidity inside the chamber. It was concluded that low setting value of pressure and high mass flow rate of mixed gas were the effective methods to control the pressure and to suppress the excessive rise of relative humidity inside the chamber.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.1133-1140
• /
• 2002

The growth and extent of the local pressure field at any point is of primary importance as it supplies the driving force for the local wind circulation which causes a medium-range transport of air pollutants. The local pressure field is produced by the variation of temperature in the lower layers of the atmosphere, and is called the thermal wave. The thermal wave is influenced by the difference in the diurnal variations between two regions with different surface condition, for example land and sea. This difference produces the land- and sea-breeze phenomenon, and brings corresponding variations in the form of the thermal wave. Daytime temperature over the inland area (Daegu) was higher than that of the coastal area (Busan). The temperature difference reached about 5~6$^{\circ}C$ in the late afternoon(30-31 May 1999). The low pressure system of Daegu was most fully developed at the time. In this study, we investigated the possibility of thermal low onset around Daegu in summer with an analytical model. The topography effect was neglected in the model. We could predict a thermal low-pressure of about 3.4hPa at Daegu with wide flat land surface, when the inland area is about 6K warmer than the coastal area temperature. The pressure decrease is somewhat less than the observed value(4~5 hPa).

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.54-58
• /
• 2004

Three hot cathode ionization gauges (HCIG) were used to study their responses of pressure measurements at the stainless steel high vacuum (HV) chamber around room temperatures. The pressure variations of HV measured by the three HCIGs between $20 ^{\circ}C$ and $26 ^{\circ}C$ were 5.0 %, 5.3 %, and 10.3 %, respectively. However, pressure differences between $21.5 ^{\circ}C$ and $22.5^{\circ}C$ were lower than the gauges uncertainty limits. The pressure variations of the HCIGs at the HV chamber was not directly affected by gauge characteristics, but pressure changes due to room temperatures.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.52-56
• /
• 1990

The Lubrication Mode of line contacts between the vane and camring in an oil hydraulic vane pump with intravanes has been investigated. Variations of the radial acting force of a vane were calculated from previously measured results of dynamic internal pressure in four chambers surrounding a vane, and variations of the lubrication mode were estimated in both the rotational speed range from 500 to 1500 rpm and in the delivery pressure range from 1 to14 Mpa. The results indicate the variations of the radial acting force. It is found that the regimes of lubrication in the vane tip contacts cover rigid-isoviscous to rigid-variable viscosities.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 1990

The Dynamic Behavior in line contacts between the vane tip and camring in an oil hydraulic vane pump with intravanes has been investigated. Variations of the radial acting force of a vane were calculated from previously measured results of dynamic infernal pressure in four chambers surrounding a vane, and variations of the behavior were estimated in both the rotational speed range from 1200 to 2700 rpm and in the delivery pressure range from 10 to 21Mpa. The results indicate the variations of the radial acting force. Under the standard operating condition (to 14 Mpa, 1800 rpm), the radial acting force on the vane is governed by internal dynamic pressures, but it is more influenced by rotating speed at higher than 2000 rpm relatively.