• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.248-253
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• 2019

Purpose: To improve pulmonary function and decrease in balance ability with increasing forward head position and vertebral curvature, we applied Figure-8 brace to confirm the immediate effect on vital capacity and balance and to see if it is applicable. Methods: A total of 34 elderly women aged 65 or older and young women in their 20s with FHP were screened to measure vital capacity, measuring the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and measuring the foot pressure to see the change in balance. For statistical analysis, the difference between pre and post values was compared using pared t-test. Results: As a result of vital capacity measurements, there was no significant difference between FEV1 and FVC for women over 65 years old (p>0.05). Young women in their 20s had no significant difference in FEV1 (p>0.05), and FVC had significant differences (p<0.05). In measuring foot pressure to measure balance, both women aged 65 and above and young women in their 20s had a significant decrease in anterior foot pressure, and a significant increase in posterior foot pressure (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study did not positively affect the vital capacity of elderly women with FHP. However, the significant increase in vital capacity of young women in their 20s suggests that contraction of the abdominal muscle is necessary during forced expiration. Therefore, it is believed that proper application and therapeutic interventions should be combined when applying Figure-8 brace.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.214-219
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• 2002

As the tangential flow inside the clearance of tribe elements such as bearings and seals is increased as the shaft speed increases, the system stability will be decreased due to the increment of the instability parameter. To reduce the tangential flow inside the clearance of the balance sleeve, anti-swirl injection mechanism is applied. The balance sleeve is used in resisting the axial force induced by impeller in high pressure multi-stage pump. In this paper, total three cases are experimentally investigated; original balance steeve, anti-swirl injection balance steeve with 0 axial degree and anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 30 axial degree. Experiments are focused in the comparison of vibration level and leakage flow rate. The results clearly shows that the anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 0 axial degree improves the vibration characteristics. However, the anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 30 degree aggravates the vibration characteristics. In the standpoint of leakage performance, both anti-swirl injection balance sleeves show the better result than the original balance sleeve.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.632-638
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• 2002

As the tangential flow inside the clearance of tribo elements such as bearings and seals is increased as the shaft speed increases, the system stability will be decreased due to the increment of the instability parameter. To reduce the tangential flow inside the clearance of the balance sleeve, anti-swirl injection mechanism is applied. The balance sleeve is used in resisting the axial force induced by impeller in high pressure multi-stage pump. In this paper, total three cases are experimentally investigated; original balance sleeve, anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 0 axial degree and anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 30 axial degree. Experiments are focused in the comparison of vibration level and leakage flow rate. The results clearly shows that the anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 0 axial degree improves the vibration characteristics. However, the anti-swirl injection balance sleeve with 30 degree aggravates the vibration characteristics. In the standpoint of leakage performance, both anti-swirl injection balance sleeves show the better result than the original balance sleeve.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.202-208
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• 2020

Body balance necessary for ordinary daily activities can be undermined by diverse causes. In this study, as a way to control such a problem, we have produced smart insole as a wearable device in the form of insole and developed analysis software evaluating body balance, which measures ground reaction force applied to each area of sole and Center of Pressure (COP). The software visualized changes in COP positions while a user was moving and average COP positions, and it is also capable of measuring the COP values in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medial-Lateral (ML) areas of feet. Through gait analysis, it can analyze the time of walking, strides, speed, COP trajectory while walking, etc. In addition, we have developed training contents for body balance improvement designed in consideration of Y-Balance Test and Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test. They were established in virtual reality similar to daily living environment so that people can expect more effective training results regardless of places.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of multisensory exercise on foot pressure sensitivity and balance for the elderly. Method : The subjects were 17 elderly women (11 for the experimental group and 6 for the control group) with a mean age of 83. The subjects all lived in senior residence centers in Seoul. Multisensory exercise was done twice a week for 40 minutes during a 12 week period. Exercise programs were changed every 3 weeks according to the principal of gradual progress of the exercise. In order to train the vision system subjects were asked to open and close their eyes during exercise. When it came to training the vestibular system, subjects stood and walked on high elastic mats with their bare feet. For the somatasensory system subjects always stood and walked with their bare feet. The sub-Metatarsal Pad Elasticity Acquisition Instrument (MPEAI) was used to measure foot pressure sensitivity. MFT Balance test (V1.7) was used to measure anterior / posterior and medial / lateral directional balance. For the statistical analysis the IBM SPSS 21.0 was used to perform Repeatde measured ANOVA and Wilcoxon ranked test. Results : For the multisensory exercise group Hallux (after 6 weeks, 12 weeks), heel (after 6 weeks) and 2nd Metartarsal $40^{\circ}$ (after 6 weeks) pressure sensitivity increased statistically, but the control group didn't change. Also, balance didn't change for the experimental and control group statistically. Conclusion : Exercise with bare feet on a high elastic mat had a partially positive effect on foot sensitivity.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.27-37
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• 2016

Background: In previous studies regarding flexible pes planus, Foot orthosis, special shoes have been used as interventions for correcting malalignment and intrinsic muscles strengthening exercise have been regarded as interventions for foot function and supporting medial longitudinal arch during walking. However, some recent studies reported that strengthening extrinsic muscles as well as intrinsic muscles is more effective and active intervention for flexible pes planus. In particular, the tibialis posterior muscle of foot extrinsic muscles plays essential roles in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch during dynamic weight bearing and balance. In addition this muscle acts longer than other supination muscles during the stance phase in the gait cycle. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening exercise for plantar pressure and dynamic balance in adults with flexible pes planus. Methods: 16 young flexible pes planus adults (7 males, 9 females) were recruited and were randomized into two groups. The experimental group performed foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle strengthening training, the control group performed only foot intrinsic muscle strengthening training. All groups received strengthening training for 30 minutes five times a week for six weeks. Results: The experimental group had significantly lower plantar pressure of medial heel area than the control group in stand (p<.05). The experimental group had significantly higher dynamic balance ability than control group (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study provide evidence to suggest that foot intrinsic muscle and tibialis posterior muscle of extrinsic muscle strengthening exercises may improve plantar pressure distribution and dynamic balance ability in adults with flexible pes planus.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of selective muscle strengthening of the knee joint extensor muscles using a pressure biofeedback unit to improve knee extensor strength and the balance ability of total knee replacement patients. Through this, we tried to provide clinical information. Methods : In this study, 12 patients with total knee replacement were recruited from a rehabilitation hospital. They were divided into two groups: a feedback group (n=6) and a control group (n=6). All patients received 30 minutes of continuous passive motion and leg-strengthening exercises for 15 minutes five times a week for two weeks. Subjects performed knee extension exercises with or without biofeedback units in the sitting position. The knee extensor strength and balance ability were measured before and after exercise. Knee extensor strength was measured by Biodex system 3 and balance ability was measured by Balancia software. Results : Both the experimental group and the control group showed a significant difference in the muscle strength of the knee joint extensor muscles after intervention (p<.05). In comparison, the experimental group showed a significant difference than the control group (p<.05). Both the experimental group and the control group showed a significant difference in the velocity average, path length, area 95 % center of pressure (COP), weight distribution, five times sit to stand test (FTSST) after intervention. In comparison, the experimental group showed a significant difference in velocity average, area 95 % COP, and FTSST than the control group (p<.05). Conclusion : In order to strengthen the knee extensor muscle and improve the balance ability in total knee replacement patients, it is necessary to consider providing pressure biofeedback unit during leg strengthening exercises.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.425-436
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify static, dynamic balance performances and foot pressure after eye movement exercise in normal adults. Method : This study was performed on normal 18 males and 18 females subjects. They were divided into 3 groups using random sampling and executed saccadic eye movement, vestibuloocular eye movement, pursuit vergence eye movement exercise respectively. In order to compare the difference of balance and foot pressure, the subjects were measured before, middle and after eye movement. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. Foot pressure was examined using the gaitview AFA-50. Result : The result are as follows. 1. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EC item on MCTSIB variable in the vestibuloocular group was significantly decreased(p<.05) and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EO(p<.01), FORM-EC(p<.01) items on MCTSIB variable in the saccadic group and FORM-EC(p<.05) item in the vestibuloocular group were significantly decreased respectively. 2. After first intervention, the difference of the EPE, MXE items in the saccadic group(p<.05) and RT(p<.05), EPE(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively after second intervention. 3. After first intervention, the difference of the Static A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) and Dynamic A-P(p<.01), L-R (p<.01) items on foot pressure variable in the saccadic group, Dynamic A-P(p<.01) item in the vestibuloocular group and Static A-P(p<.01), Dynamic A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively. 4. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EC(p<.01) items and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.01) item on MCTSIB variable among three groups was significantly decreased respectively. Conclusion : Selective eye movement exercise program influences balance control ability and foot pressure of normal adults in positive ways.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.3 s.76
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

In this study, the heat balance test of an engine was conducted, and the heat released to coolant is measured and corrected using a power adjustment factor for high fuel temperature to simulate heat rejection of the engine. An engine-converter matching simulation program which can compute the engine speed, transmission output speed, transmission input and output power is developed from the vehicle, transmission and engine performance curve. With this information and the engine heat rejection characteristics, the engine and transmission heat rejection rates can be determined at given condition. In analyzing the air mass flow, a sub program computing the air mass flow rate from the equation of the pressure balance between cooling fan static pressure rise and pressure losses of cooling components is developed.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to measure static balance of low back pain patients while one-leg standing in abdominal compression belts. Methods: The study included 40 adult males and females at J university, divided into a low back pain patient group and a normal group through the Oswestry disability questionnaire (ODQ). The subjects were instructed to hold a one-leg standing posture for 15 seconds on a balance measurement plate while wearing an abdominal compression belt. Shifting distance (0.1 cm), mean velocity (cm/s), pressure, and contact area were analyzed using BioRescue (BioRescue, RMINGEIEIRIE, Rodez, France). The average value was used to measure the result 3 times for each condition. Results: Both normal and low back pain groups significantly decreased in the speed of sway while wearing the abdominal compression belt. Furthermore, the pressure of the center of motion significantly decreased in the low back pain groups while wearing abdominal compression belt. However, there were no significant differences in the speed of sway or the pressure of center of motion between groups after wearing the abdominal pressure belt. Conclusion: These results suggest that abdominal compression belts are one option for improving balance temporarily. However, balance after wearing abdominal compression vests depends on onset of back pain, age, and symptoms of pain in the groups with low back pain. Further research is needed to investigate muscle activity, dynamic balance, and the effect of the period of wearing abdominal compression belts in the variety of low back pain patients.