• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.16D no.4
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• pp.497-506
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• 2009

The method of effectively merging XML documents becomes necessary, as the use of XML is popular and the collaborative editing is required in the areas such as office documents and scientific documents editing works. As a solution to this problem, in this paper we present a theoretical framework for merging individual editing works by muli-users to a same source document. Different from existing approaches which merge documents themselves when they are merged, we represent editing works with a series of edit operations applied to a source document, which is called a edit script, merge those edit scripts by multi-users, and apply the merged one to the source document so that we can achieve the same effect of merging documents. In order to do this, assuming edit scripts based on insertion and deletion edit operations, we define notions such as static edit scripts, the intervention between edit scripts and the conflict between the ones, then propose the conflict conditions between edit scripts and the method of adjusting edit scripts when merged. This approach is effective in reducing network overhead in distributed environments and also in version management systems because of preserving the semantics of individual editing works.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.311-316
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• 2006

The role of short fibre pulp - Mixed Harwood, Eucalyptus, Aspen, Birch, etc for the manufacture of different grades of paper is very well recognized. At the same time, lots of efforts are in progress to maximize the advantages while preserving their own special property. Bleached Acacia Kraft Pulp (BAKP) is comparatively new entry but gained quick recognition. BAKP was introduced to the world market by South East Asian suppliers in the late 1990's. This paper discusses in detail the role and opportunities of use of short fibre pulps. A logical technical comparison has been made between BAKP and another short fibre grades. BAKP being a short, thin-walled fibre shows several similarities with Eucalyptus pulp in terms of good bulk and stiffness. Refining energy and strength properties are very similar, but the shorter fibres and thinner cell walls give an outstanding opacity and formation compared to other commercial short fibre pulps. The collapsed and band-shaped nature gives a matchless smoothness, enabling less calendaring and exceptional printing properties. BAKP is shown to give several advantages to fine paper manufactures, compared with a number of established short fibre pulps such as Brazilian and Chilean Eucalyptus, Canadian Aspen and Indonesian Mixed Hardwood. It is important to consider refining and calendaring conditions to achieve optimum performance. For outer layers of multiply board, Acacia gives excellent coverage due to its high opacity and uniform fibre distribution. Its low roughness property gives improved printability. For tissue products, Acacia gives unique property of superior softness both in terms of hand feel and bulk softness. The high fibre population gives an impression of much higher quality due to the higher opacity and good formation.

• Oral Biology Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.208-215
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk of dysphagia among patients that visited prosthodontics department, and evaluate the difference in risks arising from oral conditions and disease in order to preliminarily intervene the various influencing factors of dysphagia. A questionnaire was given to patients that were aged 65 years or older who visited the prosthodontics department between September to December 2017. The data was collected and analyzed using the t-test, $x^2-test$ and logistic regression analysis. The mean age of the patients was 75 years. Out of 300 patients, 206 patients (68.7%) had a risk of dysphagia. There were statistically significant differences between the -non-risk and risk groups, which included the number of natural teeth, total number of teeth including prosthesis, denture use, denture discomfort, number of tooth brushing, oral dryness, digestive system diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. Among these, oral dryness was a risk factor while the total number of teeth, including natural teeth and prostheses, served as a protective factor. More than half of the elderly patients were at risk of dysphagia. Oral dryness is influenced by many factors and it should continuously be managed. Patients should fully recover their masticatory function by preserving the remaining teeth and compensating for the missing teeth. A dental practitioner should be fully aware of the risk of dysphagia in elderly patients and be able to intervene and offer proper patient health care in advance through treatment guidelines and education.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 1977

Into the precontaminated farm milk hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O$$_2$) was added at the concentrations ranging from 0.01％ to 0.05％ and kept at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours with periodical determinations for viable counts, residual $H_2O$$_2$, and lactic acid. Under the tested conditions the initial level of contaminated bacteria could be arrested from growing at least for 8, 12, and 16 hours by treating the milk with 0.01, 0.02. and 0.03 per cent of $H_2O$$_2$, respectively. Furthermore, when the $H_2O$$_2$concentrations ware limited within the level of 0.03 Per cent the added $H_2O$$_2$was completely decomposed within 12 hours without the aid of external catalase and the decomposition time decreased in parallel with the $H_2O$$_2$ concentrations. A safer use of $H_2O$$_2$for preserving farm milk temporarily by limiting its concentration has been discussed.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2023

Bridge hangers, such as those in suspension and cable-stayed bridges, suffer from cumulative fatigue damage caused by dynamic loads (e.g., cyclic traffic and wind loads) in their service condition. Thus, the identification of damage to hangers is important in preserving the service life of the bridge structure. This study develops a new method for condition assessment of bridge hangers. The tension force of the bridge and the damages in the element level can be identified using the Bayesian optimization method. To improve the number of observed data, the additional mass method is combined the Bayesian optimization method. Numerical studies are presented to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. The influence of different acquisition functions, which include expected improvement (EI), probability-of-improvement (PI), lower confidence bound (LCB), and expected improvement per second (EIPC), on the identification of damage to the bridge hanger is studied. Results show that the errors identified by the EI acquisition function are smaller than those identified by the other acquisition functions. The identification of the damage to the bridge hanger with various types of boundary conditions and different levels of measurement noise are also studied. Results show that both the severity of the damage and the tension force can be identified via the proposed method, thereby verifying the robustness of the proposed method. Compared to the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and nonlinear least-square method (NLS), the Bayesian optimization (BO) performs best in identifying the structural damage and tension force.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2023

This study is about the traditional house of Kim Myeong-Gwan, the founder of Gwangsan Kim clan(光山金氏) and the 30th grandson of Heunggwang, the 49th king of the Unified Silla Dynasty. He sought a place to take refuge due to a plot and built a house in Jeongeup, adjacent to Yeonsan or Nonsan, Chungcheong-do, which is the home of the Gwangsan Kim clan. The location of old houses was analyzed through Hyeongselon(形勢論) and hyeongguklong(形局論) of Pungsu theory. The results of fengshui analysis of the house through fengshui literature that was presumed to have been used at the time are as follows.The dragon(龍) shows an auspicious condition in which the dragon vein is well connected from its roots in the Honam vein to Guksabong Mountain on Josan Mountain, Bibongsan Mountain on Sojo Mountain, and Mt. Changhasan reaching Jusan Mountain. Hyeol(穴) is a type of Wahyeol(窩穴) and is a Hwalwa(濶窩). Hyeolseong(穴星) is a Jeongche-Hyeolseong(正體穴星) and is a Suseong Hyeol(水星穴). HyeolJung(穴證) and Hyeolgi(穴忌) have the conditions to create hyeol. As for Sa(砂), the height of Hyeonmu(玄武) is not that high, but the Jujak(朱雀) is relatively high, the left blue dragon(左靑龍) is complemented by the outer blue dragon(外靑龍), and the right white tiger(右白虎) does not sufficiently surround the house. To compensate for this, Bibosu trees(裨補樹) were planted at the time of the construction of the house. As for the Water element, it appears to be auspicious as it approaches the old house in the form of a curve, but it has the disadvantage of not sufficiently surrounding the house, so an artificial pond is dug as a Bibo Pungsu(裨補風水). Through this study, it was found that Pungsu was applied as an important consideration factore in selecting the location of the house, and that Pungsu was not just a theory but had a practical effect in preserving the life and property of the family under the risky circumstances of the time.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.132-145
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• 2024

Sarcopenia, the age-related muscle atrophy, is a serious concern as it is associated with frailty, reduced physical functions, and increased mortality risk. Protein supplementation is essential for preserving muscle mass, and horse meat can be an excellent source of proteins. Since sarcopenia occurs under conditions of oxidative stress, this study aimed to investigate the potential anti-muscle atrophy effect of horse meat hydrolysate using C2C12 cells. A horse meat hydrolysate less than 3 kDa (A4<3kDa) significantly increased the viability of C2C12 myoblasts against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity. Exposure of C2C12 myoblasts to lipopolysaccharide led to an elevation of cellular reactive oxygen species levels and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6, and these effects were attenuated by A4<3kDa treatment. Additionally, A4<3kDa activated protein synthesis-related proteins through the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway, while decreasing the expression of activity and degradation-related proteins, such as Forkhead box O3, muscle RING finger protein-1, and Atrogin-1 in dexamethasone-treated C2C12 myotubes. Therefore, the natural material A4<3kDa has the potential of protecting against muscle atrophy, while further in vivo study is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.93-100
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• 2024

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing are driving innovation across industries. These technologies are generating massive amounts of data that many companies are leveraging. However, there is a notable reluctance among users to share sensitive information due to the privacy risks associated with collecting personal data. This is particularly evident in the healthcare sector, where the collection of sensitive information such as patients' medical conditions poses significant challenges, with privacy concerns hindering data collection and analysis. This research presents a novel technique for collecting and analyzing medical data that not only preserves privacy, but also effectively extracts statistical information. This method goes beyond basic data collection by incorporating a strategy to efficiently mine statistical data while maintaining privacy. Performance evaluations using real-world data have shown that the propose technique outperforms existing methods in extracting meaningful statistical insights.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.446-455
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• 2020

Objective: Our recent series of laboratory- and large-scale experiments confirmed that under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, sodium metabisulfite (SMB) was effective in preserving nutrients and antioxidant capacity of highly perishable fruit and vegetable discards (FVD). Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine how partial inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in total mixed ration (TMR) influences in vitro ruminal fermentation, whole-tract digestibility, nitrogen metabolism, blood metabolites, and voluntary feed intake of sheep. Methods: The FVD were mixed thoroughly with 6 g SMB/kg wet biomass and kept outdoors under aerobic conditions for 7 days. Four TMRs including four levels of SMB-treated FVD (as-fed basis) at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (equaling to 0%, 1.9%, 3.8%, and 5.7% on dry matter basis, respectively), were prepared as replacement for corn grain. The ruminal fermentation metabolites were studied using an in vitro gas production test. Four mature male Corriedale sheep were assigned at random to the 4 diets for two separate sub-experiments; i) digestibility trial with four 21-d periods, and ii) voluntary feed intake trial with four 28-d periods. Results: Inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in the TMR tended to quadratically increase partitioning factor. No effect was seen on total-tract digestibility of organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber, except for neutral detergent fiber digestibility that tended to linearly increase with increasing SMB-treated FVD in the TMR. The progressive increase of FVD preserved with SMB in the diet had no effect on nitrogen metabolism. Treatment had no effect on serum antioxidant capacity and blood metabolites assayed. Voluntary feed intake was not impaired by inclusion of SMB-treated FVD in the TMR. Conclusion: It appears that FVD preserved with SMB can be safely incorporated into TMR as replacement of corn grain without impairment of nutrient metabolism and feed intake.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.142-146
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate topographic characteristics revealed in the predicted distribution areas of Aporia crataegi, according to climate change. Towards this end, this study compared the differences of topographic factors, such as altitude, mountain slope and the aspect of slope, in the distribution areas with different potential inhabitation possibilities of the Aporia crataegi. The inhabitation possibilities of the Aporia crataegi were different, according to altitude and topographic slope, and the inhabitation possibility is judged to be affected more by the topographic conditions including altitude and mountain slope than by the aspect of slope. Especially, the inhabitation possibility of the Aporia crataegi was higher in the higher altitude area, as time goes on furthermore. The reason is that the current climate environment, which is suitable for the potential inhabitation of the Aporia crataegi, is forecast to be formed with an area with high altitude. Although the difference in the aspect of slope was not statistically significant according to inhabitation possibility, the reason why the inhabitation possibility of the Aporia crataegi varies in the mainly southeast slope is conjectured to be derived from the warmer heat environmental condition to grow from a larva into an imago. The result drawn in this study is expected to be utilized as basic data to establish a policy soundly preserving and managing the habitat of biospecies in consideration of climate change and topographic conditions in the natural ecosystem field by using the already built up various biological resources information.