• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.895-913
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• 2000

It is becoming increasingly clear that human gingival fibroblasts(HGF) may play a role in regulating immune responsiveness in inflammatory periodontal lesions. Stimulation of HGF with locally-secreted T cell cytokine $IFN_{\gamma}$ induces human leukocyte antigen class II(HLA II) expression on HGF, which is one of the characteristic feature of professional antigen presenting cells(pAPC). However, $IFN_{\gamma}$-treated HGF and other nonprofessional antigen presenting cells(npAPC) are known to be ineffective or less effective antigen presenter to resting T cells. This study, therefore, was undertaken in an effort to elucidate the differences in expression of cell surface molecules between npAPC in periodontal tissues, such as HGF and periodontal ligament fibroblasts(PDLF), and pAPC such as monocytes/macrophages. Using flow cytometry, the levels of cell surface expression of HLA-D, ICAM-1, LFA-3, and B7-1, which are involved in antigen presentation, were determined in HGF, PDLF and human myelomonocytic cell line THP-1. $IFN_{\gamma}$ clearly induced HLA-D expression on both of fibroblasts and monocytes dose dependently. However, expression level on monocytes were 4 to 5 times higher than that on fibroblasts, and induction rate was faster in monocytes than in fibroblasts. The levels of ICAM-1 expression on fibroblasts and monocytes were enhanced by $IFN_{\gamma}$ in a dose dependent manner. On the other hand, the expression of LFA-3 molecule, which could be detected in fibroblasts and monocytes without cytokine stimulation, was no more enhanced by addition of $IFN_{\gamma}$. B7-1, important costimulatory molecule in T cell activation and proliferation, was not detected on both of fibroblasts and monocytes even when stimulated with $IFN_{\gamma}$, except on monocytes fully differentiated by pretreatment of PMA and treated by $IFN_{\gamma}$. These results suggest that delayed expression of HLA-D and absence of B7-1 on $IFN_{\gamma}$ - treated fibroblasts may at least in part be involved in the ineffectiveness of fibroblasts as primary APC. And it is postulated that although periodontal fibroblasts may not serve as primary APC in normal periodontium, sustained expression of HLA II on ubiquitous fibroblasts in inflammatory lesions may perpetuate immune responses and produce chronic inflammation and tissue injury.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.10-21
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• 2022

학생들의 취업을 위한 면접 발표와 회사에서의 프로젝트 결과 발표 등과 같은 형식적인 발표 태도가 개선되려면 동료나 교수자의 관찰에 의한 방법 이외에 자동화된 방법은 드물다. 기존 연구에 따르면, 발표자의 안정적인 발화와 시선 처리가 발표에서의 전달력에 영향을 미친다고 한다. 또한, 본인 발표에 대한 적절한 피드백이 발표자의 발표 역량을 늘이는 효과가 있다는 연구도 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 교정의 긍정적 측면을 고려하여 대학생들의 잘못된 발표 습관과 태도를 동영상의 안면 분석을 통해 지능적으로 교정해 주는 프로그램을 개발하고 성능을 분석하였다. 개발하는 프로그램은 웹 기반으로 군말 사용 여부를 확인하고 안면 인식과 발표 내용 텍스트화를 통해 개발되었다. 이를 위해 군말 분류 인공지능 모델을 개발하였고, 동영상 객체 추출 후, 좌표에 기반으로 얼굴 특징점을 인식하였다. 이후 4,000개 안면 데이터를 이용해 Teachable Machine에서 안면 인식한 경우와 본 연구의 알고리즘 성능을 비교·분석하였다. 프로그램을 이용해 발표 태도를 자기스스로 교정하여 발표자들에게 도움을 준다.