• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.79-97
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• 2010

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems and often result in severe functional deficit. Bee venom acupuncture has traditionally been used to treat several inflammatory diseases and chronic pain conditions. Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the effects of bee venom (general bee venom, BV) and sweet bee venom (allergen-removed bee venom, SBV) acupuncture on the recovery rate of locomotor function, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the sciatic nerve, and the expression of c-Fos in the brain following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats, and to evaluate differences due to administration areas. Method: Walking track analysis, Western blot for BDNF and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), and immunohistochemistry for c-Fos were performed. In this study, comparative analyses of the effects of BV and SBV acupuncture in relation to administration sites, contralateral side or ipsilateral side, were conducted. Results: In the present result, sciatic function index (SFI) in walking track analysis significantly decreased following sciatic crushed nerve injury. The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the sciatic nerve increased after induction of sciatic crushed nerve injury. C-Fos expression in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) also increased. BV and SBV acupuncture treatment improved the SFI in walking track analysis. Treatment with SBV at 1mg/kg showed more potent enhancing effect on SFI compared to BV. Treatment with 1mg/kg BV or 1mg/kg SBV acupuncture suppressed the BDNF and TrkB expression in the sciatic nerve. BV and SBV acupuncture treatment also suppressed c-Fos expression in the PVN and vlPAG regions. Treatment with SBV at 1mg/kg showed more potent suppressing effect on c-Fos expression compared to BV when injected into the contralateral side of the injured nerve. Generally we could not find significant difference in the effects between contralateral side and ipsilateral side of the injured nerve. Conclusion: We have shown that BV and SBV acupuncture treatment can be used as the effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the symptoms of sciatic crushed nerve injury.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.819-824
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• 2007

The present study describes the cytotoxic effect of Artemisia fukudo extracts. The extract from A. fukudo by 80% ethanol was fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol in serial. The cytotoxicity of A. fukudo extracts was examined for its effect on the growth of HL-60 cells by the colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In addition, we used the HL-60 cells to see what effects the A. fukudo extracts will have on apoptosis of cancer cells. We checked the cell activity, cell morphologic changes, DNA fragmentation, and DNA content after 24 hr incubation with administering 25 ${\mu}g/mL$ of the A. fukudo extracts. In the treatment of the low concentration of n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions, the survival rate of HL-60 cells is lower than that of the control. The laddering-pattern DNA fragmentation was observed in the treatment with n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions. The DNA content of the cells apoptosis measured as the density of sub-$G_{1}$ hypodiploid cells by flow cytometric analysis. The number of sub-$G_{1}$ hypodiploid cells increased in the treatment with n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions. These fractions obstructed the cell cohesion and caused the blebbing of the cell membrane and fragmentation of the nucleus, both of which are symptoms of apoptosis. These results suggest that A. fukudo has a great potential value as food additives, medicinal supplements for patients with chronic diseases, and preventive measures against cancer.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.41-60
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture therapy on the premenstrual syndrome. Methods : Volunteers of twenty subjects were employed using DRSP questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including active-acupuncture treatment group, placebo acupuncture treatment group. In the control group, subjects were needled at $SI_5$, $ST_{40}$ points and in the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at two basic points, $SP_6$ and $CV_6$, and several points were inserted additionally depending the symptoms including $LR_2$, $LR_3$, $SP_10$, $LI_4$, and $ST_3$. A total of 13 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle over 8 weeks. Concentration of blood progesterone was examined and Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI) was taken before and after acupuncture treatment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.404-409
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• 1993

Background: There are many retreatment failure patients admitted in National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital. But there is not satisfactory treatment method for them at present. We think that more attentions and active measures for them are needed. Method: We reviewed sex and age, duration of illness, previously used antituberculosis drugs, drug resistance, extent of disease, reasons for early stopping or irregular medication and schooling of 50 retreatment failure patients admitted in National Kongju Tuberculosis Hospital from April 1992 to February 1993. Results: 1) The male to female ratio was 3:2 and 62% of the patients were between 21 and 40 years of age. 2) Twenty eight cases (56%) had the duration of illness over 10 years. 3) All cases had used most of the antituberculosis drugs. 4) Drug sensitivity test showed resistance to RMP in 46 cases (96%), INH in 40 cases (83%) and other drugs in 3-32 cases (6-67%). 5) Forty eight cases (96%) had far advanced disease on chest P-A film. 6) Twenty eight cases (56%) in primary chemotherapy and twenty one cases (42%) in retreatment had the histories of premature stopping or irregular ingestion of the drug. The reasons for premature stopping or irregular ingestion of the drug were as follows; in primary chemotherapy, 29 cases (75%) were due to 'having no symptoms', while in retreatment, 6 cases (29%) were due to 'having no symtoms', 6 cases (29%) were 'too, busy' and 3 cases (14%) were for 'financial problem'. 7) Twenty seven cases (54%) had at least graduated from high school. Conclusion: Greater efforts are needed to prevent tratment failure. More supports and admission treatment for retreatment failure patients are needed to prevent infection and to treat properly.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.725-737
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• 2020

Background: T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a kind of aggressive hematological cancer, and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in most patients with T-ALL and responsible for poor prognosis. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(S)-GRh2) is a major active compound extracted from ginseng, which exhibits anti-cancer effects. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-ALL have not been explored. Methods: Cell growth and cell cycle were determined to investigate the effect of 20(S)-GRh2 on ALL cells. PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected in 20(S)-GRh2-treated Jurkat cells by immunoblotting. Antitumor effect of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL was investigated in xenograft mice. The mechanisms of 20(S)-GRh2 against T-ALL were examined by cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Results: In the present study, the results showed that 20(S)-GRh2 decreased cell growth and arrested cell cycle at the G1 phase in ALL cells. 20(S)-GRh2 induced apoptosis through enhancing reactive oxygen species generation and upregulating apoptosis-related proteins. 20(S)-GRh2 significantly elevated the levels of pEGFP-LC3 and autophagy-related proteins in Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was effectively blocked by 20(S)-GRh2. 20(S)-GRh2 suppressed cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis and autophagy by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in Jurkat cells. Finally, 20(S)-GRh2 alleviated symptoms of leukemia and reduced the number of white blood cells and CD3 staining in the spleen of xenograft mice, indicating antitumor effects against T-ALL in vivo. Conclusion: These findings indicate that 20(S)-GRh2 exhibits beneficial effects against T-ALL through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and could be a natural product of novel target for T-ALL therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 1992

The present study was designed to investigate variables associated with mother-child interaction patterns of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD), and also to evaluate short-term effects of stimulant medication on the behaviors of ADHD children and their mothers during interaction. 15 ADHD boys(ages 5${\sim}$10 years) were treated with metylphenidate(0.5mg/kg per day) for 1 month, and their behaviors as well as their mothers for the 10 minute free play and 20 minute task performance period were videotaped through one-way mirror. The childrens attention was also evaluated using the Continuous Performance Task(CPT) and ratings of their hyperactive behaviors were obtained from their mother prior to the treatment. The videotaped interaction were rated according to the Response Class Matrix developed by Mash, Terdal & Anderson(1973). Results indicated that percentage of behavior of the mother and child during interaction was highly correlated with each other, which, in turn, was highly correlated with the symptom severity of the ADHD child. That is the more severe the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of ADHD, the more negative the interaction behavior pattern was. After 4 weeks of stimulant medication the mothers as well as the ADHD children showed a significant decrease in the percentage of negative-aggressive behavior during the task performance period. The results indicated that negative interaction behavior of the mothers was in large part a response to the negative behavior of their ADHD children.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 1991

We reviewed 15 cases of mesothelioma of the pleura, of which three cases were localized benign form and 12 cases were malignant diffuse form. The tumors were distributed equally in both sexes, and occured most commonly in fifth to seventh decades. The history of exposure to asbestos was present in only one case. The chief complaints were mainly chest pain and dyspnea. Associated symptoms were cough, sputum, hemoptysis, weight loss, anorexia, chill. On physical examination, unilateral, decreased breathing sound was main feature. The simple chest radiograph showed masses in all localized mesotheliomas (100%) and in 2 diffuse mesotheliomas (17%). 8 cases of diffuse mesotheliomas (67%) showed unilateral pleural effusions. Pleural effusions were mainly bloody (67%), and almost all were exudates. In all localized mesotheliomas, final diagnosis was made by open thoracotomy. In diffuse mesotheliomas, final diagnosis was made by open thoracotomy in 7 cases, chest wall mass biopsy in 2 cases, thoracoscopic biopsy in 1 case, pleural biopsy in 1 case, and pleural biopsy combined with axillary lymph node biopsy in 1 case. Localized mesotheliomas were treated by simple excision with good prognosis. In diffuse mesotheliomas, surgical treatment (pleuropneumonectomy, pleurectomy), chemotherapy, or radiotherapy, alone or in combination, were used with dismal prognosis. The prognostic factors were not found due to the small number of cases, incomplete follow up, and early drop out.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.473-478
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• 2006

Transfusion related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a serious, potentially life-threatening complication of transfusion therapy that is sometimes under diagnosed and under reported. Patients with TRALI present with dyspnea/respiratory distress and fever. The symptoms, signs and chest radiological findings in TRALI are similar to transfusion associated circulatory overload, which makes it is difficult to distinguish it from circulatory overload. Although the mortality rate in cases of TRALI is relatively low, TRALI is the third most common cause of fatal transfusion reactions next to ABO blood type incompatibility and hepatitis. Mild-to-moderate cases of TRALI may be misdiagnosed as volume overload. Recently, we encountered two cases where the patients suffered from dyspnea and fever after a transfusion. and review of the relevant literature.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the attributes of nursing with humor based on an integrative review and to present basic information for developing humor intervention programs for children. Methods: Using combinations of the terms 'nursing' and 'humor' as key words, the researchers searched four electronic databases to relevant identify studies. Thirteen studies were selected through full text screening of related research published in academic journals from January 1993 to April 2013. Results: Through in-depth discussion and investigation of the relevant literature, three components emerged; 1) using instruments of coping for stress relief, 2) symptoms relief through pleasant feeling, and 3) job satisfaction and work improvement of nurse using humor. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that humor is valuable as a nursing intervention for children and the possibility of bringing about positive results in nursing care if nurses utilize the sense of humor as fully as they can. Therefore, it is critical for nurses to develop a diversity of humor interventions for children as well as measurements to test quality and quantity of humor used in clinical pediatric settings.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 1998

The clinical data and thermographic imaging were analyzed on the 100 cases of Bell's palsy who were treated in the Kwang-Ju Oriental Medical Hospita! of Wonkwang University from February to October 1997. All the cases were taken Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(DITI) before treatment and 30 cases of them were taken follow up imaging again after recovery. And the following results were obtained. 1. Of 100 cases, under teenager occupied $1\%,\;teenager\;8\%,\;2nd\;decade\;14\%,\;3rd\;decade\;11\%,\;4th\;decade\;16\%,\;5th\;decade\;26\%,\;6th\;decade\;16\%,\;7th\;decade\;7\%\;and\;over\;80\;occupied\;1\%$. 2. Male occupied $48\%$ and female occupied $52\%$. 3. $42\%\;of\;male\;and\;23\%$ of female had the affected side at left side. And right facial nerve palsy occured at $29\%\;of\;male\;and\;29\%$ of female. 4. The most common cause of Bell's palsy was cold wind $18\%$, and the next were excessive labor $15\%,\;stress\;12\%,drinking\;2\%\;and\;cold\;food\;1\%$. 5. Thermal pattern were present as hyperthermal pattern in $44\%$ and hypothermal pattern in $22\%$. 6. The DITI showed hyperthermal pattern as close as to the onset day and changes to hypothermal pattern as times passed. 7. The DITI pattern and post-auricular pain, the most common prodomal syndrome, showed no significant relationship. 8. The relationship between the grade of paralysis and thermal patttern of DITI showed no significance. 9. Mean temperature of loci in affected side indicrtted $30.27^{\circ}C\;at\;Yang\;baek,\;30.02^{\circ}C\;at\;Taeyang,\;29.25^{\circ}C\;at\;Geoyo,\;29.62^{\circ}C\;at\;Jichang,\;29.78^{\circ}C\;at\;Hakwan,\;29.61^{\circ}C\;at\;Hyupgeo,\;and\;30.59^{\circ}C$at Yeopoong. 10. Mean temperature of loci in unaffected side showed $30.16^{\circ}C\;at\;Yang\;baek,\;30.02^{\circ}C\;at\;Taeyang,\;29.61^{\circ}C\;at\;Geoyo,\;29.68^{\circ}C\;at\;Jichang,\;29.70^{\circ}C\;at\;Hakwan,\;29.57^{\circ}C\;at\;Hyupgeo,\;and\;29.89^{\circ}C$at Yeopoong. 11. Of 30 cases who were taken follow up imaging again after recovery, the relationship between delta T at loci and symptoms showed no significance. It should be needed further investigation in order to apply them for clinical evaluation.