• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2015

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is a common disease among male. However, its cause and treatment are not known and it is easy to relapse to the patients again after some treatment. Chinese has got an active research on BPH of traditional Chinese medicine. We researched the Chinese clinical papers from 2000 to 2014. After translating those papers, we analyzed total 45 papers by classifying those according to frequently used prescriptions, differentiation of symptoms, signs, addition and subtraction of each medicine and the quantity of frequently used medicines. Through this study it was to provide evidence in the diagnosis and treatment of BPH. The prescription of BPH was classified according to its stage. Mainly damp heat patterns(濕熱型) induce dysuria, Qi-stagnation and blood stasis patterns(氣滯血瘀型) induce pain, While Kidney deficiency patterns(腎虛型) induce sexual function disorder. This analysis report would be able to provide the basis of taking a research on BPH. In addition, it could be applied on a stereotype of BPH as well as a variety of symptoms with frequently used prescription and addition and subtraction of each medicine.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2011

In order to analyze principles of taking concoction and make clear the origin of contraindication against five pungent vegetables, the regulations of Guizhitang prescription in "Shanghanlun" the twelfth article and "Wushierbingfang", "Wuweihandaiyijian", "Jinguiyaolue" were researched. Four principles of taking concoction were put in order; strengthening the effect of concoction by eating hot rice gruel and wearing bedclothes, preventing decline of drug effect by food regulations, optimization of elution and effect of material herbs by crushing, low heating, determination of administration time based on manifestations of drug effect by sweating and its aspect. These principles and methods of taking concoctions were developed from boiling to simple processing of material herbs, contraindication in the middle of taking concoction and perspiration by wearing bedclothes and eating hot rice gruel in order from the analysis of medical literatures. The contraindication against pungent vegetables were generalized in early Dong-Han dynasty already, and the five pungent vegetables were inferred as Allium tuberosum, Allium bakeri regel, spring onion, wild rocambole and garlic in medical context to the exclusion of religious idea. The reason of prohibition against five pungent vegetables could be interpreted as optimization of therapeutic effects by pharmacological control of pungent ingredients because the healthy qi damage and evil qi retention were resulted from destroying of harmonious ying and wei by overeating pungent vegetables during disease state. Conclusively the regulations of Guizhitang prescription referred to taking concoction in "Shanghanlun" fulfilled their functions to maximize pharmacological effects through various ways inside and outside and these reasonal principles of taking concoction has been influenced over the traditional medical practice deeply.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.88-102
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• 2017

Objectives : The aim of this study is to review domestic clinical studies about dizziness in Korean medicine. Methods : Population key words "현훈(Hyeonhoon), 현기증(Hyeongijeung), 어지럼(Eojireom), 어지러움(Eojireoum), 실신(Silsin), 眩暈(Hyeonhoon), 眩氣症(Hyeongijeung), 失神(Silsin)" were searched on five database systems(DBpia, KISS, KMbase, NDSL, RISS) from September, 13th to September, 15th, 2016. 60 clinical studies were collected and classified by published journal, year, etiologic disease, study design, dizziness assessment tools of studies, study results, evaluation of disease pattern and process, interventions(herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment points), and number of studies which chose that prescription. Results & Conclusions : Dizziness was researched constantly since 1998 and 7 clinical stuides were issued 2007, the most. The journal which the most studies were presented was Journal of korean oriental internal medicine(12 studies over 60, 20%). Original article were 12(20.0%) and case reports were 48(80.0%) among 60 studies. BPPV was reported as a etiologic disease on 9 studies(20.45%) among 44 studies. VAS was used mainly as dizziness assessment tools of studies(26 studies over 38, 68.42%). 9 studies(15.0%) got evaluation of disease pattern and process among 60. Banhabaekchulcheonma-tang was reported as a herbal medicine prescription on 9 over 44 studies(20.45%) and ST36 was chosen acupuncture point most(24 over 45 studies, 53.33%). It doesn't have enough representativenes but has meaning to apprehend present tendency to treat dizziness in Korean medicine clinical studies.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.58-75
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• 1998

Background : In Korea, the rational use of antibiotics are rarely controlled, and their patterns of utilization are not understood. In order to reduce the excessive use and to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics, it is necessary to accurately determine present uses of antibiotics in hospitals. Methods : Analysis of the use of prescription drugs was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. A stratified sampling by types of hospitals, departments, and diseases was obtained from 1994 August data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study, 2,697 adults with URI, 6,397 children with URI, 704 adults with bronchitis, and 1,838 children with bronchitis were included. Results : Most patients were prescribed medication (95.2-99.6%). Of the patients prescribed medication, more than 85% of URI patients and more than 91% of bronchitis patients were prescribed antibiotics. Antibiotics expenses accounted for 14% of total medical expenses in adults and 9% of total medical expenses in children. In adults with URI, antibiotics expenses accounted for 52% of drug expenses. Of the patients prescribed antibiotics, average number of antibiotics used was 1.6-1.7. For patients who are prescribed antibiotics, drug expenses were 62-97% greater than patients not prescribed antibiotics. When children were prescribed antibiotics, the highest price of drugs prescribed were 3.4-fold greater. In addition, the number of drugs prescribed also increased by more than one. Elderly patients, more than 60 years, were prescribed antibiotics less frequently. Children less than 10 years and elderly patients greater than 60 years old were prescribed fewer antibiotics than other patients. And they were prescribed medications for longer days than other patients. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the average rate of prescribing antibiotics was higher in Korea than other countries. Measures to reduce overuse of antibiotics and to improve the appropriate prescription of antibiotics must be considered for cost effective treatment and overall health of people.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

Objectives : Korean national health insurance data is a useful real-world data representing whole medical bills submitted to Health Insurance Review Agency. This study aims to understand recent benefit trend of insurance herbal preparations for treating bronchiectasis(disease code J47) utilizing insurance data. Methods : We reviewed national health insurance claims data from 2013 to 2017 which have main diagnosis or sub diagnosis code of J47 and with the record of prescribing insurance herbal medication. Frequency analysis was performed to analyze the most frequently prescribed prescription. Results & Conclusions : Both the number of claims statement(770 to 1,746cases) and patients(266 to 484) of insurance herbal preparations increased considerably from 2013 to 2017. Top 10 preparations based on the number of claims statement were 'Samso-eum', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Socheongryong-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', 'Yijin-tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Ojeok-san' and 'Gungha-tang'. Top 10 preparations based on the number of patients were 'Samso-eum', 'Socheongryong-Tang', 'Saengmaek-san', 'Yeonkyopaedok-san', 'Haengso-tang', 'Hyangsapyungwi-san', Yijin-tang', 'Jaeumganghwa-tang', 'Bojungikgi-tang' and 'Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang' in respectiv order. Claims of top 10 frequent preparations occupied more than 60% of total claims. We hope this finding to be utilized as basic data for future research of evidence-based bronchiectasis treatment utilizing Korean traditional medicine.

• 대한의사협회지
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• 제61권11호
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• pp.687-698
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• 2018

Inappropriate antibiotic use significantly contributes to antibiotic resistance, resulting in reduced antibiotic efficacy and an increased burden of disease. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of prescribers whose antibiotics use was high and to explore factors affecting the use of antibiotics by medical institutions. This study analyzed the National Health Insurance claims data from 2015. Antibiotic prescription data were analyzed in terms of the number of defined daily doses per 1,000 patients per day, according to the World Health Organization anatomical-therapeutic-chemical classification and methodologies for measuring the defined daily dose. We investigated the characteristics of prescribers and medical institutions with high antibiotic use. Multivariate regression analyses were performed on the basis of characteristics of the medical institution (number of patients, type of medical institution [hospital or clinic], age of the physician, etc.). The number of patients and number of beds were found to be significant factors affecting antibiotic use in hospitals, and the number of patients, region, and medical department were significant factors affecting antibiotic use at the level of medical institutions. These findings are expected to help policy-makers to better target future interventions to promote prudent antibiotic prescription.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of the dynamic changes of chemical properties in agricultural land is very important for agricultural sustainability. Chemical properties of agricultural soils in Korea have been investigated at four-year interval in the order of paddy, plastic film house, upland, and orchard soils since 1999. METHODS AND RESULTS: Total 8,160 topsoil samples were taken from the upland in 2001, 2005, 2009, 2013, and 2017, respectively. Soil chemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), available phosphate (Avail. $P_2O_5$), and exchangeable (Exch.) cations (K, Ca, and Mg) were analyzed. Soil pH and Exch. Ca contents have increased since 2001. Average concentration of Avail. $P_2O_5$ increased from $547mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2001 to $657mg\;kg^{-1}$ in 2017. Average concentration of Exch. Ca in 2017 was higher than the upper limit of its optimal range for upland cultivation. Excess and deficiency of chemical properties of upland soils comply with soil analysis and fertilizer prescription. CONCLUSION: We concluded that excessive nutrient in upland needed to be properly managed with soil test.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2018

Objectives: This study conducted a retrospective review to compare the effectiveness of herbal medicine, while confirming the effectiveness of Korean medicine (KM) in traffic accidents (TA). Methods: We investigated the medical records of TA patients who were hospitalized at Muuido Korean medicine hospital from January 2016 to June 2018 retrospectively. Medical records included general characteristics (Gender, age), TA & treatment-related information (Collision type, chief complaint, hospitalization period, and herbal medicine prescription), and clinical scales (Five-scale improvement, numerical rating scale (NRS)). Statistical analysis was performed for data distribution and effectiveness comparison. Results: 755 TA patients showed 0.78:1 gender ratio. 20-50s years old, rear collision, pain in the cervical and lumbar spine, and hospitalization period within 14 days were the majority. KM improved 83.18% of 755 TA patients' symptoms and ROM over 'improvement' level, which indicated 30-70% improvement. With common KM treatments including acupuncture, cupping, heat therapy, and manipulation therapy, TA patients received various herbal medicines and herbal medicine for breaking severe blood stasis (Tongdo-san) showed improvement in both five-scale improvement and NRS change at the same time. Conclusions: We could confirm the effectiveness of KM, particularly herbal medicine in TA. It would be necessary to develop new herbal medicines such as Tongdo-san to treat TA-related symptoms.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2020

Objectives We surveyed clinical status of Sasang Constitutional Medicine (SCM) for preparation of adaptation of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology. Methods We emailed Google survey form to Doctors of Korean Medicine registered the Association of Korean Medicine on 10/13/2020 and 10/21/2020 and closed survey 10/23/2020. We got a data of 654 cases, removed a case of error, analyzed data of 620 responses by frequency analysis Results and Conclusions Out of 620 respondents, 499 have answered that they refer to or make use of SCM. SCM is mainly applied in the field of treatments using Herbal Medicine. Doctors of Korean Medicine participated in survey of SCM, they think Diseases of digestive system are the most effectively treated by the methods of SCM. Sasang Constitutional Symptomatology most frequently observed are Soeumin Congestive Hyperpsychotic symptomatology, Soyangin Chest-Heat congested Symptomatology, Taeeumin Liver Heat-based Interior Heat disease. The diseases that are mainly applied by SCM are 'Diseases of digestive system' for Soeumin, 'Diseases of digestive system' for Soyangin, 'Diseases of respiratory system' for Taeeumin and 'not applicable' for Taeyangin. The important diagnostic methods of SCM are Inspection-listening and smelling examination-Inquiry-Palpation and survey. In the majority of cases, Prescription of Herbal medicine is used by adding or subtracting some herbal medicine from the original prescription suggested in the oriental medical classics and Saam acupuncture method is the most frequently used for the acupuncture therapy. Diet therapy is the most frequently used for the method of prevention and care.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2024

Background: Medication's benefits and harms require careful management. Laws mandate pharmacists to provide essential medication details since inadequate counseling may pose risks. This study explores public expectations for pharmacist-provided side effect information to enhance safety. Methods: A self-developed questionnaire was created for participant to self-report, refined through pilot surveys with experts and laypersons. Nineteen items were categorized into four sections, using closed-ended questions. Adults over 20, having obtained prescription medications within the past year, were surveyed via convenience sampling. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and T-tests using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The study involved 189 participants, with a slightly higher proportion of females (59.3%) than males (40.7%), predominantly in their 20s (45.0%) and college graduates (57.1%). Health professionals represented 76.2% of respondents. Over half visited pharmacies at least 5 times yearly for prescriptions. Indirect experience with side effects was more common (30.2%) than direct experience (17.5%). Most (82.0%) showed interest in media-reported side effect events. Satisfaction with pharmacist-provided side effect explanations was low (59.7%), but importance was high (98.9%). Preferences favored combined verbal and written explanations (65.1%), with a majority desiring explanations for common but less serious side effects (82.5%). Healthcare professionals found explanations significantly more sufficient than non-professionals did. Older individuals, those living with elderly, and frequent pharmacy visitors attributed greater importance to pharmacist-provided explanations. Conclusion: Koreans view pharmacist-provided medication side effect explanations as vital but find current services lacking. Enhancements in content and delivery methods are needed in pharmacy counseling to meet public expectations.