• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

Objective : This study is to provide the norms of normal children when comparing the performance ability of preschool children while using the kinesthesia test of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests(SIPT). Methods : Participants consisted of 90 normal children ranging in age from four to six years. The kinesthesia test of SIPT was utilized to investigate the performance ability. Results : 1. Regarding the kinesthesia ability according to age, the average value of kinesthesia performance error decreased as age getting older and that value showed the statistically significant differences between four and five, six age(p<0.05). 2. The kinesthesia performance ability according to gender, the accuracy of both hands and the dominant hand did not show the statistically significant differences. 3. Regarding the kinesthesia performance ability of test items, 1R item and 6R item(26.2cm), 5R item and 2L item(20.2cm) passing through the midline of body and having the large movement in distance and angle showed the difficulty to perform in all the children between 4 and 6 age. Conclusion : By providing the norms of the kinesthesia performance ability in normal children of the above results to the occupational therapists treating children, the helpful data to the hand skill development of children, exercise plan and implementation, and the performance therapy of ADL through the proper evaluation and training of kinesthesia is considered for the occupational therapists to be provided.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.950-959
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• 2003

To assess zinc status by dietary intake and urinary excretion of preschool children in Busan and to evaluate the relationship of intakes of food and nutrient with urinary zinc excretion, zinc food frequencies of 40 common foods affecting intakes of zinc by food fequency method, nutrient intake by 24hr recall and 24hr urinary zinc excretion were measured with 97 preschool children. The mean zinc intake was 4.29 mg and 43.0% of RDA. The mean zinc intake per 1,000 kcal was 3.09 mg.97.9％ of subjects had zinc intake less than 75％ of RDA. Grains food group was the primary source of zinc intake and supplied 38.9% of the total daily zinc intake. Altogether, plant food products supplied 49.7% of zinc intake. The mean urinary zinc excretion and zinc excretion per gram of creatinine were 0.19 mg and 1.00 mg respectively. The urinary zinc excretion showed positive significant correlations with height and weight (p < 0.05, p < 0.05) , urine volume and urinary creatinine excretion (p < 0.05, p < 0.001) , urinary zinc excretion per creatinine (p < 0.001) , urinary zinc excretion per weight (p < 0.001) , intakes of energy and carbohydrate (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) and usual intake of zinc from eggs food group (p < 0.05) . In conclusion, these results show that the zinc intake of preschool children is low and that sources of dietary zinc are mainly plant foods, suggesting low bioavailability. So nutritional education is needed in order to inc-rease usual intake of animal food group. Interpretation of urinary zinc excretion data is complicated by current uncertainty about "normal" zinc level at this age group. Further studies are needed to obtain extensive data on urinary zinc excretion for this age group.age group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.338-342
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• 2013

Purpose: Allergic disease and its comorbidities significantly influence the quality of life. Although the comorbidities of allergic diseases are well described in adult populations, little is known about them in preschool children. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Korean preschool children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 615 Korean children (age, 3 to 6 years). Symptoms of allergic diseases were assessed using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire that was modified for preschool children. Comorbidities of allergic diseases were assessed by 'In the last 12 months, has your child had symptoms?'. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis as recorded using the ISAAC questionnaire, within the last 12 months was 13.8%, 40.7%, and 20.8%, respectively. The symptom rates of allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy, and drug allergy were 14.8%, 10.4%, and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with asthma was 64.3% and that of asthma in children with allergic rhinitis was 21.6%. The prevalence of rhinitis in children with conjunctivitis was 64.8% and that of conjunctivitis in children with rhinitis was 23.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of current rhinitis in our preschool children is shown to be higher than that previously reported. Allergic conjunctivitis is closely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, further studies are warranted to determine the prevalence and effects of these comorbidities on health outcomes in preschool children.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.115-126
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• 1998

It is the base of the health through life, the health of children is very important. The health education is the most effective measure for disease prevention and health promotion. To educate children for the health, we must consider their concept of the health before. Therefore I attempted this study for investigation for the concept about respiratory communicable disease which is one of the most important health problems. The design of this study was descriptive investigational study. The subjects of this study are 4-6 aged 65 children who are attending district nursery school. The tools of this study constituted 3 parts as an etiological agents, environmental agents and host agents. The data were collected by an individual interview and cartoon cards. The results of this study are as followed: 1. The preschool children tend to think contamination along the physical distance, nearer things more relational. 2. The preschool children tend to have their experience centered thinking. 3. There was a highly significant correlation between the children's age and knowledge scores(r = 0.431, P= 0.0003). 4. There wasn't a significant correaltion between sex group. In conclusion, it wad founded that the preschool have a tendancy to think communicable disease along the physical distance and their daily life experiences. This results support the Piaget's cognitive developmental theory. Therefore, to develop the health education program for preschool students, above results must be referenced.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.471-483
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate food habits, nutrients intakes and nutritional quality of the preschool children living in Seoul. The study was performed by analyzing a questionnaire answered by the mothers of 233 subjects aged 2 to 6 years old. A three-day dietary intakes survey, using a 24 hour recall method was used by both the mothers and teachers of the children in day care centers. Twenty eight, 65.9 and $21.8\%$ of preschool children were underweight, normal and overweight or obese, respectively. It was found that $19.8\%$ of preschool children replied that they skipped breakfast sometimes. The major reasons for skipping breakfast were 'snacks' ($38.3\%$) and 'no appetite' ($32.6\%$). The proportion of subjects having unbalanced meals was $61.6\%$. From the 24-recall survey, it was found that all nutrients intakes were higher than those of the Korean RDA except zinc. The proportions of carbohydrate, protein and fat from total calories were 56,1, 17.2 and $30.7\%$. The P/M/S ratio was 0.62 : 0.86 : 1. Nutrient adquacy (NAR), mean of nu-trient adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were considered adequate. In conclusion, the dietary intakes of children aged 2 to 6 were assumed adequate judging from nutrient intakes, although some attention should be paid to fat intake in this age group.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.341-353
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• 2013

The object of this study is to examine the relationship between temperament (emotionality, activity, sociability, and shyness) and the resilience (social competence and language ability) of preschool children from low-income families and the moderating effect of maternal warmth. The subjects were 86 low-income preschool children (42 girls and 44 boys; mean age, 70.57 months), their mothers and teachers, recruited from five daycare centers in Namyangju city and Ansan city located in Gyeonggi-do area. Each child's language ability was individually assessed with with the standardized measure, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES) and their teachers reported on children's social competence and parents reported on their child's temperament by questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The main results of this study were as follows. First, children's emotionality in temperament and maternal warmth had main effects on social competence. Second, only monthly income level and sex had main effects on language ability. Third, maternal warmth moderated the effects of children's shyness in temperament on social competence and language ability as resilience. Findings could provide basic information for programs to promote resilience in preschool children from low-income families.

• 아동학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relations of children's temperamental attributes (i.e., emotionality, activity, and sociability) and maternal responsiveness to overall and specific externalizing/internalizing behavior problems during the preschool period. Methods: Data (N=1,438) from the 4th and 6th wave of Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were used in a series of hierarchical regression analyses. The analyses were conducted to determine the additive and interactive effects of maternal responsiveness and temperamental attributes of children at the age of 3 years on the broadband and narrowband scales of their behavior problems at the age of 5 years. Results: Overall, results confirmed the additive and interactive effects of maternal responsiveness and temperamental attributes on the levels of different domains of behavior problems. Examination of the interactive effects showed that maternal responsiveness was more strongly related to some behavior problems for temperamentally vulnerable children as compared to children with less temperamental vulnerabilities. Conclusion: The findings suggested that the beneficial effects of positive parenting on the development of behavior problems might be more pronounced for temperamentally vulnerable than for less vulnerable children.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

Purpose: To clarify the clinical features of appendicitis in preschool children and to explore clinical appendicitis scoring systems in this age group. Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 142 children, aged 10 years or younger, with confirmed diagnosis of appendicitis based on surgical and pathologic findings. Enrolled subjects were divided into two groups: Group 1 (preschool children aged ${\leq}5$ years, n=41) and Group 2 (school children aged >5 to ${\leq}10$ years, n=101). Data analyzed included clinical presentation, laboratory findings, the pediatric appendicitis score (PAS), and the modified Alvarado score (MAS). Results: The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain in both groups (92.7% vs. 97.0%). Other presenting symptoms were as follows: fever (65.9%), vomiting (68.3%), right lower quadrant (RLQ) localization (24.4%), anorexia (14.6%), and diarrhea (7.3%) in Group 1, and RLQ localization (74.3%), vomiting (71.3%), anorexia (52.5%), fever (47.5%), and diarrhea (11.9%) in Group 2. Perforation and abscess occurred more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 (43.9% vs. 12.9%, p<0.001; 34.1% vs. 5.0%, p<0.001; respectively). PAS and MAS were lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 ($4.09{\pm}1.97$ vs. $6.91{\pm}1.61$, p=0.048; $4.65{\pm}1.79$ vs. $6.51{\pm}1.39$, p=0.012; respectively). Conclusion: In preschool children, appendicitis often presents with atypical features, more rapid progression, and higher incidence of complications. This age group is more likely to have lower PAS and MAS than those of school children.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2020

본 연구는 유아의 로봇 상호작용 경험 유무, 성별 및 연령이 엔터테인먼트 로봇 견과의 친밀함에 영향을 미치는지 분배원리를 활용하여 살펴보는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울지역 어린이집 유아 총 70명을 대상으로 두 가지 종류의 실험을 하였다. 실험 1은 상호작용 여부 영향을 살펴본 것으로 만 5세 유아 총 34명(실험집단 17명, 비교집단 17명), 실험2는 성별, 연령 영향에 관한 연구로 만 3세에서 만 5세까지 유아 각 12명씩 총 36명(사전, 사후 집단)이다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 로봇과 상호작용을 경험한 실험집단이 엔터테인먼트 로봇 견에게 유의한 친밀함을 느꼈고 그 이유는 정서로 밝혀졌다(실험1). 둘째, 엔터테인먼트 로봇 견과의 친밀함에 유아의 성별은 큰 영향을 미치지 못하며 연령은 reverted U 추이를 나타냈다(실험2).

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stuttering severity on articulation rate measured from different types of utterances in preschool children who stutter. Participants were 40 boys who stutter (CWS) and age-matched 10 boys who do not stutter (CWNS). CWS were sub-grouped based on the severity of their stuttering: 15 mild, 13 moderate, and 12 severe. Utterances were categorized as "overall utterance" including all utterances that children spoke and "fluent utterance" which did not contain any disfluencies. Utterances containing abnormal disfluencies were categorized as "SLD utterance" for CWS. The results revealed no significant difference among groups in any type of utterance. There were significant positive correlations in articulation rates between utterance types. Stuttering severity was not a factor for characterizing the articulation rate of each type of utterance. Also, current findings suggest that articulation rate may not predict speech motor control ability in preschool CWS.