• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1978

Gentamicin sulfate reacted with pyridoxal and zinc (II) ion in pyridine-methanol solution to yield highly fluorescent zinc(II) chelates of N-pyridoxylidene derivatives. This fluorescence reaction was sensitive and showed excitation maximum at 398nm, and emission maximum at 482nm. The effects of reagent concentration, reaction time and temperature, standing time and temperature were studied. And a new fluorophotometric method for the determination of gentamicin sulfate was developed. A good result was obtained and this method was applied to various preparations.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1976

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 1974

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to find out drug use pattern of narcotic analgesics in university hospitals in Korea. A university hospital located in Kyungbuk province was chosen for this study. The drug use pattern was analyzed in terms of ingredient, administration route, patient type, and attending department. Amount of drug usage was counted by unit dose defined by the number of ampule or vial for injectable, tablet or capsule for oral, and each for patch preparations. Result showed that 11 narcotic analgesic ingredients were used during 2007-2009, and the drug usage was increased by about 20% annually during the period. Proportion of oral preparations used for pain management was about two third of all narcotic analgesics usage and kept increasing during the period. Proportion of the drug usage for outpatients was also steadily increased. Notably, the usage of oral preparations of oxycodone, morphine, and hydromorphone was rapidly increased for the management of cancer pain while the usage of codeine and codeine-containing composite preparations for cancer pain were minimal (<10%). About 90% of all narcotic analgesics were used by physicians in Internal Department, especially in Oncology Division of the Department. These findings suggest that pain management is becoming more aggressive and in agreement with WHO's guidelines regarding selection of administration route. However, in terms of 3-step ladder for cancer pain management, the drug use pattern was not congruent to WHO's guidelines. Therefore, in conclusion, it appears that physicians need to try to be congruent to the guidelines when using narcotic analgesics for cancer pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.104-112
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to examine whether the topical preparations containing 12 herbal extracts is effective for patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 11 patients who were prescribed topical preparations containing 12 herbal extracts on the outpatient clinic of 4 hospitals; Noble Korean Medicine Clinic, Amar Korean Medicine Clinic, Chung-Yeon Korean Medical Hospital, Donggwangju Chung-Yeon Korean Medical Hospital. Results and Conclusions : A total of 11 patients were included in the selection and exclusion criteria. The OSI mean value before treatment and at the last treatment day decreased significantly from $37.03{\pm}16.75$ to $13.32{\pm}9.83$, and the mean value of EASI decreased from $13.33{\pm}12.85$ to $2.78{\pm}5.00$, which was statistically significant. No safety concerns were reported. The results of this study confirmed the possibility that the topical preparations can be effective in moderate to severe infants, adolescents, and adult atopic dermatitis patients.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of feeding mulberry leaf extracts on lipid composition in rats fed high cholesterol diets. An initial 30-person sensory evaluation of preparations containing various concentrations of mulberry leaf extract showed that a preparation containing 9% mulberry leaf extracts was the most highly preferred. In addition, subsidiary materials of pine needle extracts and mugwort extracts were added to weaken the unpleasant smell of mulberry leaf extract A preparation containing 9% mulberry leaf extract with 3% mugwort extract and 7% pine needle extract was given highest preference scores by the 30-person panel. When comparing the functional ingredients contents of the various preparations of mulberry leaf extracts, such as GABA, DNJ and flavonoids, no significant differences were found as a result of adding subsidiary materials (pine needle and mugwort extracts). Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing l00$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one normal diet group, and to four high cholesterol diet groups containing 1% cholesterol, to elucidate the functionality of the mulberry leaf extract The four high cholesterol diet groups were classified into: a mulberry leaf extract diet group free of subsidiary materials (EB group); a mulberry extract diet group with pine needle extracts (EP group); a mulberry leaf extract diet group with mugwort extracts (EM group); and a control group (HC group). The mulberry leaf extracts were provided as drinking water; the diet and water were fed ad libitum. Hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher, by 279% to 475%, in the high cholesterol groups compared to the normal diet groups, but were significantly lower in the three groups supplied with mulberry leaf extracts, compared with the high cholesterol control. There were no changes in functionality of the mulberry leaf extract preparations due to the addition of subsidiary materials. In conclusion, preparations of mulberry leaf extracts were shown to improve lipid metabolism in rats fed a high cholesterol diet, by reducing hepatic and plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Also human palatability of the mulberry leaf preparation was improved by adding subsidiary materials such as pine needle and mugwort extracts.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.29-35
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• 2016

Objectives : Ijung-tang (IJT) is a traditional herbal formula and has been used to treat digestive diseases such as abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. IJT consists of four herbal medicines, Ginseng radix, Atractylodis rhizoma alba, Zingiberis rhizoma, and Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma, containing various bioactive compounds. Quality assesment of IJT preparations was performed by analytical method for determining marker compounds.Methods : Determination of seven marker compounds in IJT preparations was quantitatively conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector. The marker compounds were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column and the analytical method was successfully validated. Chemometric analysis was performed to compare IJT water extracts and commercial IJT granules.Results : Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were in the ranges of 0.093-2.649 μg/mL and 0.283-8.027 μg/mL, respectively. Precisions were 0.30-3.87% within a day and 0.23-2.35% over three consecutive days. Recoveries of the marker compounds ranged from 87.35-107.05%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 6.15%. Repeatabilities were < 1.20% and < 1.71% of RSD value for retention time and absolute peak area, respectively. The results from quantitative analysis showed that the quantities of seven marker compounds of IJT samples varied, as were found in principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.Conclusions : The analytical method developed in the present study was precise and reliable to simultaneously determine marker compounds of IJT. Therefore, it can be used for the quality assessment of IJT preparations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.165-174
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to correlate margin design(chamfer, shoulder, shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel. with the seating and sealing of cemented full cast crowns under standardized simulated clinical conditions. Wax patterns were made with milled stainless-steel dies and rings, and were invested, burnt out, and cast. The full cast crowns were comented on individual resin dies, and a gradually diminishing load(45kg to 25kg. was applied over a 10-minute period. The specimens were sectioned centrally with a low speed diamond saw and examined with light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. Chamfer preparations demonstrated it was the best marginal seal, followed in order by the shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel, and by the shoulder(p<.05). 2. Chamfer preparations demonstrated it was the best occlusal seating, followed in order by the shoulder, and by the shoulder with a $45^{\circ}$ bevel(p<.05).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-157
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of household income, education needs, private education expenses and expenditures of preparation for old age for mothers of school-aged children and to discover the causal relationships among these variables. The subjects in this study were gathered from among 393 mothers living in Daegu with school-aged children from 8 to 19 years old and with wage-earner husbands. The research tool was a questionnaires which addressed the general characteristics of the subjects, household income, the scale of education needs, the scale of private education expenditures, the scale of perceived burden of private education, and the scale of expenditures of preparation for old age. In order to analyze the study data, factor analysis, and regression analysis using SPSS were used, and structural path analysis using AMOS was used. The main results of this study were as follow: First, the greater the household income, the greater the education needs. Second, household income and education needs had no significant influences on private education expenditures. Third, education needs and private education expenditures turned out to have significant effects on the perceived burden of private education expenditures. Fourth, expenditures of preparation for old age among mothers of school-aged children was influenced by the education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures. The household income of mothers of school-aged children had no significant influence on private education expenditures. Finally, education needs, private education expenditures and perceived burden of private education expenditures for mothers of school-aged children had a direct effect on the expenditures of preparations for old age. On the other hand, in mediating education needs, household income of these mothers had an indirect effect on expenditures of preparations for old age. The perceived burden of private education expenditures turned out to have the biggest total effect on the preparations for old age of mothers with school-aged children.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.673-680
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• 2000

An experiment was conducted with day-old 300 commercial male broiler chicks (Arbor Acres$^{(R)}$) to evaluate the efficacy of crude phytase preparerations produced from a culture of Aspergillus ficcum. The experiment consisted of five dietary treatments; T1, com-soy control diet with 0.45% non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) for starter period and 0.35% NPP for grower period; T2, control - 0.1% NPP; T3, control 0.2% NPP; T4, T3+600 U of crude phytase (broth+cell); and T5, T3+600 U of crude phytase (broth). The body weight gain, feed intake, and feed/gain of chickens fed T1 diet was highest (p<0.01) among treatments. BW gain and feed intake of T4 and T5 were greater than those of T3 but were less than those of T1 and T2. T3 was highest in mortality among treatments. Decreasing the NPP level lowered availability of DM, crude ash, ether extract, crude fiber, Zn, and Fe but supplementation of crude phytase preparations improved the availability of these nutrients as well as those of Ca, P and Cu. Excretion of P and Cu significantly decreased as the NPP level in the diet decreased. Further reduction of P and Cu excretion and reduction of Ca, Mg and Fe excretion were achieved by supplementation of crude phytase preparations. The serum concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu were significantly increased by crude phytase supplementation. The weight and length of tibia, and contents of crude ash, Ca, P, Mg, and Zn were adversely affected by lowering NPP level but partially recovered by supplementation of crude phytase preparations. In conclusion, lowering NPP level in the broiler diet significantly depressed the performance. Supplementation of crude phytase preparations produced from Aspergillus ficuum could partially recover the depression.