• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2014

Purpose : The purpose of the study is to provide the basic data for preceptorship education program development by analyzing the recognition and acceptance concerning the introduction of preceptorship to ambulance ride practice of 119 EMT-paramedics in Korea. Methods : A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 157 paramedics in the fire fighters from December 21, 2013 to February 12, 2014. The questionnaire consisted of 31 questions and the data were analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results : Most of the subjects answered the positive choice and were very interested in the introduction of preceptorship in the prehospital settings. Mean of preceptorship acceptance level was 3.64 points in 5 points Likert scale and 75.4% of the subjects were able to explain the preceptorship. 57.4% of the subjects considered that preceptorship was an effective training method. Conclusion : Most of the subjects agreed that the preceptorship is very important to the education of paramedic students. The preceptorship education program development will be the basis of ambulance ride practice.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.123-129
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• 2019

This study selected all patients with acute poisoning carried by the 119 emergency services in K-Province from January 1 to December 31, 2015 for complete enumeration. The subjects were 1,627 patients who were classified as poisoning suspected in chemicals and animal/insect poisoning by Rescue Emergency Activity Information System(Emergency Statistics) in fire-fighting portal system of K-province fire-fighting officers. The 119 activity journals were analyzed retrospectively. The major results are as follows. Regarding the demographic characteristics of the elderly and the non-elderly, the most people were unemployed in the elderly group, other job, the non elderly group about their occupations and in both groups, the most people lived in rural areas about their living places. Regarding the poisoning characteristics of the elderly and the non-elderly, the most causing substance was bee sting about the poisoning causing substances and most of patients didn't get drunken about drunken state in both group. Regarding the time factors of the elderly and the non-elderly, both groups had the most accidents in afternoon about the poisoning time and in summer about the seasonal distribution.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the causes of non-transport in 119 ambulance services and to describe the difference in response time according to the reason for non-transport. Methods: This study analyzed 42,415 non-transport cases out of 123,158 cases using prehospital care reports in a metropolitan city. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test were used to 6,857 cases for which time was recorded. Results: Non-transportation in 20${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ comprised 33.1% of all ambulance services. The reason for non-transport were other reasons (25.5%), cancellation (23.8%), and moving to other vehicles (21.7%). There were differences in ambulance service times according to the reasons for non-transport. The activation interval was the longest (2.68 minutes) in the absence of the patient, and the response interval was the shortest (4.96 minutes) among the cancelled case. The total interval was the shortest time (21.97 minutes) in the cancellation cases and the longest time among the death cases (32.23 minutes). Conclusion: It is important to suggest the direction of development of emergency services by identifying the reasons for non-transport by ambulance services and describing the response time according to the reason for non-transport.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the rationality for and countermeasures against the use of prehospital patient restraint (PPR) techniques in efforts to limit violent behavior toward 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: Previous countermeasures to limit violent behavior toward 119 EMTs and medical personnel were focused on strict reactive and passive proactive responses. However, those in support of the countermeasures do not believe that violent and criminal behavior can be limited or extinguished by strengthening the punishment unconditionally. Results: When it comes to the far-reaching effects of stigmatization on people who engage in violent and criminal behavior, it is possible that unconditional punishment leads to more crime, increases the costs of imprisonment, and consequently, adds to the financial burden of the government. Conclusion: Thus, we are faced with an urgent need to prepare legal grounds for the use of PPR techniques by 119 EMTs for agitated or combative patients only, with direct medical oversight. Moreover, the legal foundation for the use of PPR techniques also needs to be established for emergency medical personnel. The use of PPR techniques not only ensures the safety of emergency medical services personnel, but also protects patients from injuring themselves and others.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2021

The purpose of the study is to examine the visual evaluation of bleeding amount in hemorrhagic shock in paramedic students. Through manikin simulation training, paramedic students were able to have confidence with estimation of bleeding amount in the prehospital settings. Three rescue training manikins were placed in supine position and artificial blood was poured between the abdomen and pelvis. The bleeding evaluations of 700 mL, 1200 mL, and 1700 mL were performed before and after simulation training. Paramedic students underestimated the amount of bleeding in the trauma situation, and it was found that it was difficult for the students to evaluate the accurate amount of bleeding with a single simulation.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.89-106
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• 2020

Purpose: This study attempts to improve the status of emergency care for major trauma patients transferred by 119 paramedics by analyzing the status of emergency care and the obstacles to the spinal motion restriction (SMR) for major trauma patients. Methods: A total of 600 rescue logs were collected from major trauma patients transported by 119 paramedics in the C fire department from Jan. 1, 2015, to Dec. 31, 2017. And then, 280 questionnaires were collected from the 119 paramedics in C fire department from May 3 to Jun. 3, 2019. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Among 499 spinal motion restriction adaptive patients, the spinal motion restriction rate was 51.1% (255 individuals). Lack of human resources and quality control problems were among the obstacles to spinal motion restriction. Conclusion: The 119 paramedics should improve their activeness and skills in performing emergency care, and since training and experience are of crucial importance, they should expand various education systematized according to demand.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.105-124
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aims to identify the present handover status and the difference in performance and importance of handover between 119 paramedics and emergency department (ED) staff to improve the quality of handover. Methods: The study involved a questionnaire survey of 171 paramedics and 108 ED staff in four regions from August 28 to September 23, 2020. Subsequently, 279 questionnaires were collected and 277 copies were used for this study. Data were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 version. Results: The results showed that most of the paramedics and the ED staff rely on memory and verbally handover, without formal education about the handover process. And there were significant differences in performance in important information of prehospital. Some of the handover items were a difference in performance and importance between the paramedics and the ED staff. Conclusion: The unified education based on required and optional items is necessary to reduce the loss of information between the paramedics and ED staff, and standardized tools need to be developed in the handover process.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2021

Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the current status of traffic accident victims who were transported by 119 ambulances within the administrative district of Chungnam province and provide essential data for accident prevention. Methods: The pre-hospital care records of patients who called the 119 emergency service in 2019 were obtained from the Chungnam Fire Department. Data pertaining to 13,663 traffic accident victims who were transported to hospitals were analyzed. Results: Patients in those aged ≥60 years accounted for 49.8% of the total cases. In patients aged ≥80 years(n=2,154), motor cycle accidents were highest as 28.3%. In addition, cultivator (n=135) and buggy car (n=79) accident victims were the highest in aged ≥80 years as 66.7% and 67.1%, respectively. Traffic accident victims-population ratio in Chungnam was 0.65%, wherein 2.03% included population aged ≥80 years. Conclusion: It was clear that accidents varied across administrative districts depending on the age group of population distribution. Thus, safety measures for preventing motorcycle, cultivator, and buggy car accidents are necessary for areas with many older people aged ≥80 years.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2024

The aim of this paper was to review the biomechanics of knife injuries, including those that occur during stabbing rampages. In knife stab attacks, axial force and energy were found to be 1,885 N and 69 J, respectively. The mean velocity of a stabbing motion has been reported to range from 5 to 10 m/sec, with knife motions occurring between 0.62 and 1.07 seconds. This speed appears to surpass the defensive capabilities of unarmed, ordinarily trained law enforcement officers. Therefore, it is advisable to maintain a minimum distance of more than an arm's length from an individual visibly armed with a knife. In training for knife defense, particularly in preparation for close-quarter knife attacks, this timing should be kept in mind. Self-inflicted stab wounds exhibited a higher proportion of wounds to the neck and abdomen than assault wounds. Injuries from assault wounds presented a higher Injury Severity Score, but more procedures were performed on self-inflicted stab wounds. Wound characteristics are not different between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal self-wrist cutting injuries. Consequently, trauma surgeons cannot determine a patient's suicidal intent based solely on the characteristics of the wound. In Korea, percent of usage of lethal weapon is increasing. In violence as well as murders, the most frequently used weapon is knife. In the crimes using knife, 4.8% of victims are killed. Therefore, the provision of prehospital care by an emergency medical technician is crucial.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2005

Background: Although trauma has been the major cause of death in korea, there are few reports describing the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma victims according to age-group. Thus, this study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma victims visiting an urban emergency medical center in Korea. Method: This study was conducted with all trauma victims who visited the emergency departments of Asan Medical Center from April 11, 2005 to May 10, 2005. After the subjects were divided into three groups such as child (${\leq}14$ years old), adult(15-64 years old) and elderly(${\geq}65$ years old), the prehospital courses, injury mechanisms, injury severities and clinical results were compared. Result: Among total 5,927 patients who visited the emergency medical center, 896(15.1%) patients were trauma victims. Although child under the age of 15 comprised 28.7% of the total trauma victims, less severe injuries(injury severity score < 9) accounted for 97.7% of the cases. The hospitalization rate for injury among child was 21.5%. however, although elderly aged 65 comprised only 5.9% of the total trauma victims, more severe injuries(injury severity score ${\geq}9$) accounted for 30.2% of the cases. The hospitalization rate for injury among elderly was 56.4%. Conclusion: Patterns of injury and clinical results by age-group were considerably different. less severe and non-hospitalized injuries were more common in child than other age-groups. while severe and hospitalized injuries were common in elderly.