• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1975

In summary, progesterone is probably the only naturallly occurring progestational agent of any significance. Small amounts may be synthesized by the cells of the follicle in the provulatory swelling phase; however, the major production is by the corpus luteum cells of the ovary during the luteal phase of the cycle. It is constantly produced in small amounts by the adrenal gland and by the testis in the male. In the adrenal and the testis, it probably serves as the precursor for corticoids and androgens. It is transported in the blood by a specific binding protein and metabolized and conjugated in the liver into sodium pregnanediol glucuronide which also circulates in the blood. Approximately 20% is excreted in the urine as sodium pregnanediol glucronide; pregnanolone represents a minor metabolic product. The pregnanediol which is excreted in the bile is enzymically hydrolyzed by the gut so that the pregnanediol recovered in the feces is in the free form.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.31-40
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• 1985

월경주기 중 황체기가 짧은 여성 즉 황체기 단축현상을 가진 한국여성(SLP) 의 특성을 조사하고 진단하는 방법을 개발하기 위하여 본 실험을 행하였다. 재료는 정상 월경주기를 가진 12명의 여성에서 26주기와 8명의 황체기 단축현상을 가진 여성에서 17주기를 선택하였다. 기상후 첫 오줌에서 steroid glucuronides의 농도를 측정하여 비교한 결과는 다음과 같았다. SLP 의 estrone -3 -glucuronide ($E_1G)의 농도는 초기 여포기와 황체기 동안 정상인에 비하여 현저히 낮았다. 또한 SLP 의 전 월경기 중 pregnanediol-$3{\alpha}$-glucuronide($P_2G$)의 농도 역시 유의성있게 낮았다. 그러나 $E_1G/P_2G$의 비율은 여포기가 황체기에 비하여 현저히 높았고, SLP 여성의 비율이 정상인 보다 각 월경주기 중 유의성있게 높았다. 위의 결과로 보아 $E_1G$, $P_2G$및 $E_1G/P_2G$의 농도차로 황체기 단축현상을 가진 여성을 진단 하고 또 치료시 난소의 기능조절에 이욜될 수 있을 것으로 사려된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.460-466
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• 2004

This study was undertaken with the aim to establish a reliable radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for urinary pregnanediol glucuronide (PdG) and to employ it for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows. Urine and blood samples were collected from the Holstein cows both pregnant and non-pregnant. The samples were then investigated for evaluating the relationship between progesterone ($P_{4}$) in blood and PdG in urine adjusted with or without urinary creatinine basis. Biweekly urine collection was employed for three cows in estrous and those artificially inseminated, while urine from pregnant cows was collected on a monthly basis. P_{4}$ and PdG levels were measured by enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) and RIA techniques, respectively. Our results indicated the sensitivity of PdG for RIA being 35 pg/tube and the recovery rate of 100%. Urinary creatinine concentrations also fluctuated within a day, but change at midday was not noteworthy. Regardless of the time of urination the change in concentrations of PdG was relatively smaller and did not vary significantly. The urinary PdG concentration showed periodic changes as that with serum P_{4}$ levels during the cow's estrus cycle. The correlation coefficient rose when creatinine level in urine was adjusted but the change was also not significant. The concentrations of PdG during the luteal phase were detected between 8.2 and 17.4 ng/ml, three to five times higher than that in the follicular phase. The concentration of PdG from pregnant cows (21 days after conception) was three to four times higher than in the nonpregnant cows. Our finding suggests that the determination of urinary PdG could be reliably employed for early pregnancy detection. The urinary PdG level continued to raise until 30 days pre-partum while the concentration reached its peak at 30 ng/ml, after which it started to fall 18 to 30 days before parturition and finally fell to its nadir value one week after parturition. As the correlation coefficient between the urinary PdG and serum P_{4}$ was higher than that corrected by urinary creatinine it can be suggested that the adjustment is not needed. The concentrations of urinary PdG could be maintained stably for 2 days in urine samples stored at room temperature and extended to 8 days when the samples were pretreated by boiling for 30 minutes. In conclusion urinary PdG concentration even without the need for creatinine basis adjustment can be used directly for monitoring the reproductive status of dairy cows.