• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.159-172
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate economic variables which have impact on the prices and returns of preferred stocks and to provide investors, underwriters, and policy makers with information regarding correlations and causal relations between them. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 98 monthly data from Korea Exchange and Bank of Korea. The Granger causal relation analysis, unit-root test and the multiple regression analysis were hired in order to analyze the data. Findings - First, our study derives the economic variables affecting the prices and returns of preferred stocks and their implications, while previous studies focused mainly on the differential characteristics and related economic factors between common and preferred stocks. Empirical results show that the significant variables influencing the prices and returns of preffered stocks are consumer sentiment index, consumer price index, industrial production index, KOSPI volatility index, and exchange rate between Korean won and US dollar. Second, consumer sentiment index, consumer price index, and industrial production index have significant casual relations with the returns of preferred stocks, providing market participants with important information regarding investment in preferred stocks. Research implications or Originality - This study is different from previous studies in that preferred stocks themselves are investigated rather than the gap between common stocks and preferred stocks. In addition, we derive the major macro variables affecting the prices and returns of preferred stocks and find some useful causal relations between the macro variables and returns of preferred stocks. These findings give important implications to market participants, including stock investors, underwriters, and policy makers.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

The aim of this paper is to predict the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 30 index movements to determine the most accurate buy and sell decisions using the methods of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). We combined these two methods to obtain a hybrid intelligence method, which we apply. In the financial markets, over 100 technical indicators can be used. However, several of them are preferred by analysts. In this study, we employed nine of these technical indicators. They are moving average convergence divergence (MACD), relative strength index (RSI), commodity channel index (CCI), momentum, directional movement index (DMI), stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume (OBV), average directional movement index (ADX), and simple moving averages (3-day moving average, 5-day moving average, 10-day moving average, 14-day moving average, 20-day moving average, 22-day moving average, 50-day moving average, 100-day moving average, 200-day moving average). In this regard, we combined these two techniques and obtained a hybrid intelligence method. By applying this hybrid model to each of these indicators, we forecast the movements of the Borsa Istanbul (BIST) 30 index. The experimental result indicates that our best proposed hybrid model has a successful forecast rate of 75%, which is higher than the single ANN or GA forecasting models.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to standardized the cooking method of Imjasootang, a traditional health food in summer. By mixing chicken soup with 20 g (I$_1$), 30 g (I$_2$), 40 g (I$_3$), 50 g (I$_4$) of seasam seeds, the distinctive characteristic and level of preference of Imjasootang were examined through the analyses of the proximate composition, fatty acid contents, color index, turbidity, brix$^{\circ}$, and sensory evaluation. 1. The proximate composition of Imjasootang was 90.2∼95.1% of total moisture, 0.985∼1.271% of crude protein, 0.90∼0.98% of crude fat, 1.592∼2.456% of nonfiber, 0.003∼0.004% of fiber, and 0.77∼0.97% of crude ash. Fatty acid were composed of 15.15∼17.36% of saturated fatty acid and 79.73∼82.54% of unsaturated fatty acid. Imjasootang contains high level of oleic acid and linoleic acid which were dependant on the content of seasame seeds. 2. For color index of samples, the lightness ranged 47.2∼56.9, “a”values 1.82∼2.15%, and “b”values 15.5∼16.5%. The turbidity of samples ranged 39∼61%, in which I$_4$ (chicken stock 100 g+sesame seed 50 g+water 25 g) was the most turbid. Solid content was also the highest in I$_4$, ranging 1.4∼5.1%. 3. In sensory evaluation, all sesame seed Imjasootangs had no significance differences in appearance. The higher the level of sesame seed in Imjasootangs, the more Imjasootang was preferred in terms of nutty aroma, color nutty taste. and viscosity. I$_4$ had the strongest nutty aroma. I$_2$ (chicken stock 100 g+sesame seed 30 g+water 15 g) and I$_3$ (chicken stock 100 g+sesame seed 40 g+water 20 g) were the best in the overall preference.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2012

This study investigated the preference and intake frequency of a list of 15 commonly available high sodium Malaysian foods/dishes, dis cretionary salt use, and their possible association with demographics, blood pressures and anthropometric measurements among 300 Malaysian university students (114 males, 186 females; 259 ethnic Chinese, 41 Indians; 220 lean, 80 overweight). French fries and instant soup noodle were found to be the most preferred and most frequently consumed salty food, respectively, while salted fish was least preferred and least frequently consumed. Males had a significantly higher intake frequency of at least 6 of the salty foods, but the preference of most salty foods was not significantly different between genders. Ethnic Chinese significantly preferred more and took more frequently traditional and conventional Malaysian foods like asam laksa (a Malaysian salty-sour-spicy noodle in fish stock), salted biscuits and salted vegetable, while Indians have more affinity and frequency towards eating salty Western foods. Body Mass Index was significantly negatively correlated with the intake frequency of canned/packet soup and salted fish while waist circumference was significantly positively correlated with the preference of instant noodle. Also, an increased preference of potato chips and intake frequency of salted biscuits seemed to lead to a decreased WHR. Other than these, all the other overweight/obesity indicators did not seem to fully correlate with the salty food preference and intake frequency. Nevertheless, the preference and intake frequency of asam laksa seemed to be significant negative predictors for blood pressures. Finally, increased preference and intake frequency of high sodium shrimp paste (belacan)-based foods like asam laksa and belacan fried rice seemed to discourage discretionary salt use. In conclusion, the preference and intake frequency of the high sodium belacan-based dish asam laksa seems to be a good predictor for ethnic difference, discretionary salt use and blood pressures.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.177-184
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• 2014

This research analyzes the effects of factors on the demands for outbound to the countries such as Japan, China, the United States of America, Thailand, Philippines, Hong Kong, Singapore and Australia, the countries preferred by many Koreans. The factors for this research are (1) economic variables such as Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI), which could have influences on outbound tourism and exchange rate and (2) unpredictable events such as diseases, financial crisis and terrors. Regression analysis was used to identify relationship based on the monthly data from January 2001 to December 2010. The results of the analysis show that both exchange rate and KOSPI have impacts on the demands for outbound travel. In the case of travels to the United States of America and Philippines, Korean tourists usually have particular purposes such as studying, visiting relatives, playing golf or honeymoon, thus they are less influenced by the exchange rate. Moreover, Korean tourists tend not to visit particular locations for some time when shock reaction happens. As the demands for outbound travels are different from country to country accompanied by economic variables and shock variables, differentiated measure to should be considered to come close to the target numbers of tourists by switching as well as creating the demands. For further study we plan to build outbound tourism forecasting models using Artificial Neural Networks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.504-515
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• 2021

To examine the relationship between environmental factors influencing the habitat of Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz., this study employed the MexEnt model to evaluate 21 environmental factors. Fourteen environmental factors having an AUC of at least 0.6 were found to be the age of stand, growing stock, altitude, topography, topographic wetness index, solar radiation, soil texture, mean temperature in January, mean temperature in April, mean annual temperature, mean rainfall in January, mean rainfall in August, and mean annual rainfall. Based on the response curves of the 14 descriptive factors, Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. on the Baekun Mountain were deemed more suitable for sites at an altitude of 600 m or lower, and habitats were not significantly affected by the inclination angle. The preferred conditions were high stand density, sites close to valleys, and distribution in the northwestern direction. Under the five-age class system, the species were more likely to be observed for lower classes. The preferred solar radiation in this study was 1.2 MJ/m². The species were less likely to be observed when the topographic wetness index fell below the reference value of 4.5, and were more likely observed above 7.5 (reference of threshold). Soil analysis showed that Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. was more likely to thrive in sandy loam than clay. Suitable conditions were a mean January temperature of - 4.4℃ to -2.5℃, mean April temperature of 8.8℃-10.0℃, and mean annual temperature of 9.6℃-11.0℃. Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz. was first observed in sites with a mean annual rainfall of 1,670- 1,720 mm, and a mean August rainfall of at least 350 mm. Therefore, sites with increasing rainfall of up to 390 mm were preferred. The area of potential habitats having distributive significance of 75% or higher was 202 ha, or 1.8% of the area covered in this study.