• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.451-460
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• 2004

The pilot bit pattern of W-CDMA system is used for the channel estimation and frame synchronization confirmation. This paper proposes the binary sequences for the frame synchronization for wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) system. We present the circuit for the generation of ideal frame synchronization property using the binary sequences called frame synchronization word(FSW). W-CDMA system uses compressed mode where up to 7 slots per one 10 msec frame are not transmitted to make measurements from another frequency without a full dual receiver terminal. It is shown that the proposed frame synchronization words also maintain the optimal frame synchronization property in the compressed mode by using the complementary mapping relationship of preferred pair. And we discuss the realization circuit for the generation of frame synchronization words by using the concept of preferred pairs, complementary mapping relationship, and maximal length sequence.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2021

This study developed safety clothing that is essential for adolescent to protect their bodies from accidents, pursue activities and individuality. Therefore, the developed safety clothing was first based on international standards, while changing design to emphasize creativity, activity, and functionality. Two suits of boy's clothes and a girl's suit were developed as safety clothing for sportswear, along with two pairs of girl's clothes and a pair of boy's clothes for entertainment. It was confirmed that the difference in visibility was revealed by testing under different lighting conditions. Second, the survey on adolescents indicated no significant gender difference in sportswear. Round shirt+shorts for both boys and girls were the most preferred for ball game sportswear. However, there was a significant difference by gender in the design of safety clothing for entertainment. Male students preferred jump suit=cape+pants the most, and female students preferred jump suit>cape+pants in the order (p<0.05). In the safety clothes with the highest preference for entertainment, there was no gender difference. All students preferred the jump suit at the most. Checking at each school level, it was found that both middle and high school students preferred jump suit designs, and in safety clothing, middle school students preferred high-neck shirt blouse+tight skirt, and high school students preferred jump suits. Third, 35.5% responded that they would wear it more if current safety clothing is improved. This indicated the necessity of developing various safety clothing for adolescence.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.78-85
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• 1980

A symmetrical 3-dB quadrature hybrid circuits, consisting mainly of bifilar pair of taitoted wires, is described. A cascade of two such hybrid circuits can achieve an octave bandwidth hybrid circuit with a small coupling loss. Since the proposed type is simple, compact, and low In cost 1 its applicarion may be preferred to the more common coaxial line or printed -circuit type hybrid version in the frequency region below 1 GHz. This study provides a design method for a hybrid circuit mixing two different antenna signals for the anti - ghosting of television signal.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.140-146
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• 2016

Using density functional Theory, we studied local structure of liquid ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol. For both liquid, making intramolecular hydrogen bonding is not preferred, because relative energy between with and without intramolecular hydrogen bond is only -1.95kcal/mol, which is far less than intermolecular hydrogen bonding energy, about -7.5kcal/mol. Also, hydrogen bond induce polarization of hydroxyl group and make $2^{nd}$ hydrogen bond more stronger. This effect was small in intramolecular hydrogen bond of ethylene glycol. When considering energy per hydrogen bond, making only one intermolecular hydrogen bond for ethylene glycol pair is energetically favored, while two intermolecular hydrogen bond can be formed in 1,3-propanediol pair.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-46
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• 2007

Teachers can maximize students' L2 learning by knowing preferred learning styles. This paper presents the results of a survey that asked 309 English learners to identify their perceptual learning style preferences. It further compared students' favored learning styles in terms of their gender and major field of study and explored a possible link between learning styles and English achievement. Collected data using Reid's (1995) questionnaire were analyzed by descriptive statistics, MANOVA, ANOVA, correlations, multiple regressions including squared partial correlations, and Cronbach's alpha. The results indicated that Korean students favored English learning in group regardless of gender, while their preferred mode of learning was significantly different in regard to their major field of study. Certain learning styles might be profitable for English achievement. Multiple regression analyses revealed that individual mode of learning was the best predictor of students' English achievement. It furthermore showed significant relationships between visual and individual styles of learning and English performance. The findings of the study reflected students' English learning context in which English native-speaking teachers frequently used communicative pair and small group activities for speaking practices that were consonant with students' learning styles.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.635-643
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• 1997

The purpose of this paper is to propose an interactive method, using fuzzy Choquet's integral, which is designed to find out the mostly preferred solutions for deterministic MADM problems with many attributes and alternatives. The basic idea of the paper is essentially the same as that of the one we have published before[1]; subgrouping of attributes and eliminating of inefficient solutions. But the difference between these two methods lies in the fact that the present method evaluates and eliminates alternatives using fuzzy Choquet's integral on the basis of decision-maker's judgements about the relative importance of subgroups of attributes, rather than using mathematical programming on the basis of pair-wise comparisons of alternatives. If such information is obtainable from the decision-maker, the method can be proved to be much easier to understand and more efficient to compute.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.473-484
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• 2003

In this paper we deal with the logistics brokerage process in which a logistics agent intermediates between vehicle owners and shippers for matching empty vehicles and freights. Based on the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology, the proposed agent system matches the most preferred empty vehicle to the shipper and the most preferred freight to the vehicle owner. In the proposed agent system, an MCDM based sensitivity analysis is also used for supporting decision makers under negotiations. Among various MCDM methodologies, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized in this paper. Although AHP is one of the most popular MCDM methodologies, AHP needs a number of pair-wise comparisons for assessing alternatives and hence may give excessive decision making burden to the decision makers. In this paper, in order to reduce the decision making burden, a preference function based estimation method is proposed. We can expect that the MCDM based logistics brokerage agent can be used as an efficient and effective tool for e-logistics marketplaces on the internet.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

This study has found out appropriate scopes of correlated color temperature and illuminance value with regard to general diffused lighting and work in the kitchen. It also has presented appropriate photometric quantity control speed for behavioral change with the following results. 1)For general diffused lighting, the appropriate photometric quantity has turned out to be 4,000 to 4,500K in color temperature and illuminance value of 300 to 400lx. And 300lx at 4,500K has proven to be the most comfortable, behavior-appropriate, and preferred pair. 2)As far as appropriate photometric quantity for work is concerned, color temperature of 4,000 to 5,000K and illuminance value of 600 to 800lx are appropriate, while 700lx at 4,500 to 5,000K are the most comfortable, behavior-appropriate, and preferred set. 3)As for appropriate photometric quantity control speed in behavioral change, 3 to 5 seconds has proven the most comfortable, appropriate, and preferred for behavioral change from entry to general areas and 1 to 3 seconds for change from general to work.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1972-1982
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• 2016

Influenza A virus is a single-stranded RNA virus with a genome of negative polarity. Owing to the antigenic diversity and cross concrete shift, an immense number of novel strains have developed astronomically over the years. The present work deals with the codon utilization partialness among five different influenza A viruses isolated from human hosts. All the subtypes showed the homogeneous pattern of nucleotide utilization with a little variation in their utilization frequencies. A lower bias in codon utilization was observed in all the subtypes as reflected by higher magnitudes of an efficacious number of codons. Dinucleotide analysis showed very low CpG utilization and a high predilection of A/T-ending codons. The H5N1 subtype showed noticeable deviation from the rest. Codon pair context analysis showed remarkable depletion of NNC-GNN and NNT-ANN contexts. The findings alluded towards GC-compositional partialness playing a vital role, which is reflected in the consequential positive correlation between the GC contents at different codon positions. Untangling the codon utilization profile would significantly contribute to identifying novel drug targets that will pacify the search for antivirals against this virus.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2013

This study investigated residents' preferences for spatial features of sitting areas in assisted living facilities, and provides recommendations for planning sitting areas to support residents' spatial preferences and social interaction. The study participants were 69 residents of eight assisted living facilities (30+ resident capacity), located in south central Texas. A photographic comparison method was used, in which residents were shown 20 matched pairs of photos, with a single feature digitally modified in each pair, and asked to select which environmental representation they preferred. The hypothesized spatial characteristics were identified in practice based literature as those that may encourage usage of sitting areas: viewability, variety, homelikeness, and privacy. Most of the hypothesized features were preferred by participants, with the highest preference found for non-institutional furniture arrangements and naturalness, followed by increasing enclosure and variety of seating. Preference was less significant for domestic cues such as carpeted floors, divided light windows, and boundaries defined by different colored material or columns, possibly due to their physical impairments or preference for visual openness. Participants' level of mobility assistance was significantly related to their preference for some features, such as seating with people-watching capability, and carpeted floors. The findings have implications for facility architects and administrators engaged in resident-oriented spatial planning.