• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3423-3428
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• 2014

Numerical studies were performed to evaluate the structural safety of a greenhouse under both snow and wind loads. In the case of a wind load, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method was used to consider the local pressure distributions on the greenhouse-induced by aerodynamic characteristics. The results showed that the maximum stress and deformation occur near the junction of pipe supports and rafters of the roof, where connecting clips are installed. Moreover, the wind load is a more severe condition than a snow load. Overall, these results will be used to design a prefabricated connecting clip with easy installation and low maintenance.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.80-82
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• 2015

The mandibuloplasty for the facial aesthetic reason has been the one of the most popular procedures in aesthetic facial bone surgery in East Asia. Most East Asian women prefer smaller-looking and smooth-shaped facial contour. Prominent mandible angle which are common in Asia would be the main problem for smooth facial contour. In addition, recently, the mandibular body and broad chin shape also are known to be remodeled in order to get the ideal smooth facial shape. However, mandibuloplasty is not that easy to cut because many patients has inward mandibular angle and the visual field in operation is limited. The aim of this trial is to try to provide the prefabricated cutting guide for the symmetric and appropriate mandibuloplasty with the surgeons. Preoperative computed tomography(CT) data were processed for the patient and computer simulation model was produced. Then, mandibuloplasty was done on the computer simulation screen. Based on this data, customized cutting guide was made. This prefabricated cutting guide was used in real mandibuloplasty bilaterally. Premade cutting guide for the mandibuloplasty based on the computer simulation turned out to be very successful in this patient. Individualized approach for each patient could be an ideal way to manage the patients in near future.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.707-726
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• 2015

This paper investigates the time dependent behaviour of Haarajoki test embankment on soft structured clay deposit. Half of the embankment is constructed on an area improved with prefabricated vertical drains, while the other half is constructed on the natural deposit without any ground improvement. To analyse the PVD-improved subsoil, axisymmetric vertical drains were converted into equivalent plane strain conditions using three different approaches. The construction and consolidation of the embankment are analysed with the finite element method using a recently developed anisotropic model for time-dependent behaviour of soft clays. The constitutive model, namely ACM-S accounts for combined effects of plastic anisotropy, interparticle bonding and degradation of bonds and creep. For comparison, the problem is also analysed with isotropic Soft Soil Creep and Modified Cam Clay models. The results of the numerical analyses are compared with the field measurements. The results show that neglecting effects of anisotropy, destructuration and creep may lead to inaccurate predictions of soft clay response. Additionally, the numerical results show that the matching methods accurately predict the consolidation behaviour of the embankment on PVD improved soft clays and provide a useful tool for engineering practice.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.475-494
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• 2007

This paper deals with the development of an innovative distributed construction system based on smart prefabricated concrete elements for the real-time condition assessment of civil infrastructure. So far, two reduced-scale prototypes have been produced, each consisting of a $0.2{\times}0.3{\times}5.6$ m RC beam specifically designed for permanent instrumentation with 8 long-gauge Fiber Optic Sensors (FOS) at the lower edge. The sensing system is Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG)-based and can measure finite displacements both static and dynamic with a sample frequency of 625 Hz per channel. The performance of the system underwent validation in the laboratory. The scope of the experiment was to correlate changes in the dynamic response of the beams with different damage scenarios, using a direct modal strain approach. Each specimen was dynamically characterized in the undamaged state and in various damage conditions, simulating different cracking levels and recurrent deterioration scenarios, including cover spalling and corrosion of the reinforcement. The location and the extent of damage are evaluated by calculating damage indices which take account of changes in frequency and in strain-mode-shapes. The outcomes of the experiment demonstrate how the damage distribution detected by the system is fully compatible with the damage extent appraised by inspection.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.11d
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• pp.1099-1101
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• 1999

PJB(Prefabricated Joint Box) is consisted of three major components ; an epoxy unit, a stress relief cone and a spring unit. The insulation structure of PJB is maintained by the interfacial pressure, and the dielectric performance at the interface depends on the interfacial pressure which is regarded as the most important factor for preventing breakdown failure. This experiment was performed to investigate breakdown voltage characteristic and partial discharge patterns under the controlled pressure conditions at the simulated interface. Finally, this paper presents the optimal pressure conditions at the interface by analyasing the PD patterns.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.133-143
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• 2000

A large scale field test of prefabricated vertical drains was performed to anayze the effect of parameters of the very soft clay at a test site. compression index and the coefficient of horizontal consolidation obtained by back-analysis of settlement data were compared with those obtained by means of laboratory tests. Hyperbolic method, Asaoka meoth and curve fitting method were used to compute final settlement of coefficient of consolidation. The relationships of settlement measurement(Sm) versus design settlement(St) and the measurement consolidation ratio(Um) versus design consolidation (Ut) were shown as Sm=(1.0~1.1) St , Um=(1.13~1.17) Ut at 1.0m spacing of drain and Sm=(0.7~0.8)St, Um= (0.92~0.99) Ut at 1.5 m spacing of drain, respectively . The relationships of the field compression index(CcField) and virgin compression index(vcc lab) were shown as Ccfield =(1.0~1.2)vcc lab . But it was nearly within the same range when considering the error factor with the determination method of virgin compression index and the prediction back-analysis of the settlement data was larger than the coefficient of vertical consolidation, and the ratio of consolidation coefficient (Ch/Cv) was Ch =(2.4~2.9) Cv , Ch=(3.4~4.2) Cv at 1.0m and 1.5m spacing of drain, respectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.412-416
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• 2012

Background Even though the quality of medical and surgical care has improved remarkably over time, iatrogenic injuries that require surgical treatment including injuries caused by cast and elastic bandage pressure, extravasation, and dopamine-induced ischemia still frequently occur. The goal of this study was to estimate the incidence and analyze the distribution of iatrogenic injuries referred to our department. Methods A retrospective clinical review was performed from April 2006 to November 2010. In total, 196 patients (116 females and 80 males) were referred to the plastic surgery department for the treatment of iatrogenic injuries. We analyzed the types and anatomic locations of iatrogenic complications, along with therapeutic results. Results An extravasation injury (65 cases, 37.4%) was the most common iatrogenic complication in our study sample, followed by splint-induced skin ulceration, dopamine-induced necrosis, prefabricated pneumatic walking brace-related wounds and elastic bandage-induced wounds. Among these, prefabricated pneumatic walking brace-related complication incidence increased the most during the 5-year study period. Conclusions The awareness of the very common iatrogenic complications and its causes may allow physicians to reduce their occurrence and allow for earlier detection and referral to a plastic surgeon. We believe this is the first study to analyze iatrogenic complications referred to a plastic surgery department in a hospital unit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.66-67
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• 2016

Modular construction is attracting attention as the solution of recent problems in construction site. Such as lack of construction workforce, increasing labor costs, work delay due to extreme weather events and strengthening government regulations. However, despite the many advantages, Modular construction has not been activated dueto high construction costs compared to other construction methods. Accordingly, the object of this study is priority derivation of prefabricated house cost reduction factors and use as basic research data. For research performance, we have analyzed the blueprint and bill of quantities of a modular construction based public dormitory which was built in 2013. In result, the proportion of modular construction and on-site construction is 66% and 34%, and the construction cost proportion by activity was devided in to construction(79%), machinery(7%), electricity(5%) and civil(9%). Among these results in order to reduce costs, interior finishing(19.4) steel-frame(16.9%), metal works(13.5%), RC(11.8%), joinery(7.3%) is the order requires focused management.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07e
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• pp.1614-1616
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• 1998

Insulation performance of major components of prefabricated joint such as epoxy insulation unit and premolded rubber cone are guaranteed by material selection design and proper manufacturing. On the other hand insulation performance of the interfaces between the premolded rubber cone and the epoxy insulation unit and the cable insulation is maintained by keeping the premolded rubber cone to close contact with such insulation by spring. Electric characteristics of a interface depend on the contact pressure, but the required characteristics are assured so far as a proper contact pressure is maintained. In this report, the interfacial pressure by pressure sensors both in the early stage and after heating cycle were measured and the simulation by FEM program were presented. The comparison of these two results show that interfacial pressure could be controlled optimally by changing the spring length and lubricant state of the interface.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.585-599
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• 2015

Laboratory model tests were conducted to investigate the effect of surcharge loading rate on the magnitude of lateral displacement of prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) improved deposit. The test results indicate that under the condition that the system had sufficient factor of safety (FS) ($FS{\geq}1.2$), for the similar model ground under the same total applied surcharge load, the lateral displacement increases with the increase of loading rate. The test results have been used to check the validity of a previously proposed method for predicting the maximum lateral displacement, and it shows that the data points are around the middle line of the predicted range, which supports the usefulness of the proposed method. The basic idea of the prediction method is an empirical relationship between the normalized lateral displacement (NLD) and a ration of load to the undrained shear strength of the deposit (RLS). The model test results offer some modifications of the NLD-RLS relationship: (1) instead of a bilinear relationship, NLD-RLS relationship may be entirely nonlinear; (2) the upper bound value of RLS for the proposed method can be used may be limited to 2.1 instead of the originally proposed value of 3.0.