• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.24
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• pp.10809-10812
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• 2015

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is an effective method to screen for precancerous changes in the cervix. Samples from self-collection rather than Pap smear can potentially be used to test for HPV as they are more acceptable and preferred for use in certain settings. The objective of this study was to compare HPV DNA testing from self-collected vaginal swabs and physician-collected cervical swabs. Materials and Methods: A total of 101 self-collected vaginal and physician-collected cervical swabs of known cytology from Thai women were tested by electrochemical DNA chip assay. The specimens were divided into 4 groups: 29 with normal cytology, 14 with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), 48 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 10 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Results: Positive detection rates of HPV from self-collected swabs were similar to those from physician-collected swabs. Among specimens with abnormal cytology, HPV was found in 50% of self-collected swabs and 47.2% of physician-collected swabs. In specimens with normal cytology, 17.2% of self-collected swabs and 24.1% of physician-collected swabs were positive for HPV. Concordance was relatively high between results from self-collected and physician-collected samples. The most common HPV genotype detected was HPV 51. Conclusions: HPV DNA testing using self-collected swabs is a feasible alternative to encourage and increase screening for cervical cancer in a population who might otherwise avoid this important preventive examination due to embarrassment, discomfort, and anxiety.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-8
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• 2011

The proliferation of new technologies has significantly enhanced the diagnostic capabilities of flexible bronchoscopy compared with traditional methods. Narrow band imaging (NBI), an optical technique in which filtered light enhances superficial neoplasms based on their neoangiogenic patterns, was developed to screen for central intraepithelial moderate or severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and microinvasive neoplasia in patients at risk for lung cancer. Because angiogenesis occurs preferentially in dysplastic and neoplastic lesions, NBI may identify early dysplastic lesions better than white light bronchoscopy (WLB) currently in use. NBI bronchoscopy can be used not only to detect precancerous lesions, but also to screen for cancerous lesions. We prospectively evaluated 101 patients with suspected lung cancer between July 2009 and June 2010. All were previously scheduled for flexible bronchoscopy CT scans. Abnormal NBI was defined by Shibuya's descriptors (tortuous, dotted, or spiral and screw patterns). Biopsies of 132 lesions in 92 patients showed that 78 lesions (59.1%) were malignant and 54 (40.9%) were benign. The diagnostic sensitivity of bronchoscopy in detecting malignancy was 96.2% (75/78). When assorted by lesion pattern, the sensitivity and specificity of NBI bronchoscopy in detecting malignancies were 69.2% (54/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the spiral and screw pattern and 14.1% (11/78) and 96.3% (52/54), respectively, for the dotted pattern. Unexpectedly, additional cancerous lesions were detected in five patients (2 dotted and 3 spiral and screw). As a screening tool for malignant lesions, NBI bronchoscopy should assess combinations of all three lesion. The dotted and spiral and screw patterns may be helpful in determining which lesions should be biopsied. NBI bronchoscopy may be useful not only for the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer but also for more accurate local staging of lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.74 no.6
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• pp.280-285
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• 2013

Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) has been considered to be a precursor lesion of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) and pulmonary adenocarcinoma. It usually coexists with BAC and/or an adenocarcinoma. Chest computed tomography reveals multiple well-defined nodules with ground-glass opacity. Usually, AAH does not exceed 10 mm in size. AAH with extensive involvement on one side of the lung field or one that is larger than 2 cm has not been previously reported. We herein report a case of a 71-year-old nonsmoking female with lung AAH of larger than 2 cm.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.308-313
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• 2013

Among 179 specimen diagnosed with ASCUS but did not go through biopsy or other tests, 26 cases (14.52%) showed positivity in HPV Hybrid Capture II Test. There were 25 cases of HPV high risk factor(+), marking 13.96%, and 3 cases of low risk factor(+) at 1.67%. According to cytology manifestation, patients with over LSIL can increase their complete recovery rate with continuous tests, but most patients diagnosed ASCUS do not go through any tests at all. It is considered that in order to prevent and start early treatment on cervical cancer, the HPV Hybrid Capture II Test must be enforced to patients diagnosed with ASCUS. Negative patients should go through routine screening, and positive patients should receive treatment after colposcopy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.787-790
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• 2008

Barrett's esophagus is precancerous lesion of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but this has been rarely reported in Korea. A 81-year-old man with esophageal adenocarcinoma was admitted to our hospital, and we performed a distal esophagectomy and end-to-end esophagogastrostomy. The microscopic examination of the resected tissue revealed the intestinal metaplasia with goblet cells around the esophageal adenocarcinoma, which indicates this was a Barrett's esophagus. We report here on this case along with a review of the relevant literature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.565-569
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• 2005

Lichenoid dysplasia is a lesion similar to oral lichen planus with epithelial dysplasia. It can be clinically mistaken for oral lichen planus, but has histologic features of dysplasia and a true malignant predisposition. It is not a variant or transitional form of lichen planus but, instead, represents a distinct entity that has a true potential for malignant transformation. In addition to abnormal epithelial maturation and cytology, lichenoid dysplasia exhibits other histologic features that separate it from oral lichen planus. Lichenoid dysplasia and lichen planus share many clinical and microscopic features, leading to the frequent misdiagnosis of unrecognized lichenoid dysplasia as lichen planus. We experienced a case of lichenoid dysplasia in the oral mucosa. We treated this patient with surgical excision. The patient has now been followed for two months. It is important to recognize this precancerous condition and inspect the excision site and remaining oral mucosa during long-term follow-up.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.72-75
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• 2016

Lichen planus is a chronic disease characterized by bilateral and multiple lesions on the skin or oral mucosa. Lichen planus is caused by immune mediated degeneration along the border between epithelium and connective tissue. The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus (OLP) is reported to be between 0.4%-5.6% in different studies and the World Health Organization has categorized lichen planus as "a potentially malignant disorder". However, the correlation between OLP and oral cancer still remains controversial as some reported that the reason for increased incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in OLP patient is misdiagnosis of dysplastic lesion as OLP. This report aims to discuss the correlation between OLP and oral cancer through a case of middle aged woman diagnosed with OLP who was successfully treated but developed squamous cell carcinoma 8 years later.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.124-136
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• 2001

Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is unregulated in tumor cells and, HSP expression is likely marker of the malignant potential of oral epithelial lesion. Furthermore, the 70kDa HSP is implicated in the degree of tumor differentiation, the rate of tumor proliferation and the magnitude of the anti-tumor Immune response. Accordingly, the distribution and intensity of HSP70 and HSP47 expression was assessed in the DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster. Golden Syrian hamsters which were 3 months-age and $90{\sim}120g$ were collected. 9,10-dimethyl -1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in a 0.5% solution in mineral oil was painted on the buccal pouch mucosa 3 times per week in the study group. In each control and experimental groups of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 weeks, specimen were sectioned for immunohistochemical study with anti-HSP47 and anti-HSP70 antibody. The following results were obtained. 1. HSP47 positive cells were race or negative of normal oral mucosa, increased mildly in basal and suprabasal basal layer, and spinous cell layer after experimental 6 weeks (dysplastic or CIS stage). In CIS stage, HSP47 expression is prominent in dysplastic free or normal adjacent epithelium. 2. HSP47 positive cells in connective tissue were mainly inflammatory cells, which is gradually increased from control to precancerous and cancer stage. But HSP47 positive cells after 14 weeks were decreased, especially normal and cancer adjacent epithelium. 3. The positive staining cells of HSP70 in control, dysplastic, and CIS stage were not seen. But they were mild findings in basal layer and moderate findings in spinous layer after experimental 14 weeks (cancer stage). 4. HSP70 positive cells were increased in precancerous and cancer stage than control group in connective tissue. After experimental 16 weeks, we could not find the HSP expression in cancer cells according to cancer differentiation or cancer stage. It is concluded that HSP70 or HSP47 expression is not a definitive marker of oral malignancy or malignant potential. However, with further development, HSP immunoreactivity may be valuable as an adjunct to conventional histology for assessing the malignant potential of oral mucosal lesions.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.362-372
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• 1998

Heat shock protein (HSP) expression is unregulated in tumor cells and, HSP expression is likely marker of the malignant potential of oral epithelial lesion. Furthermore, the 70kDa HSP is implicated in the degree of tumor differentiation, the rate of tumor proliferation and the magnitude of the anti-tumor immune response. Accordingly, the distribution and intensity of HSP 70 and HSP 47 expression was assessed in the DMBA induced oral carcinogenesis in hamster. Golden Syrian hamsters which were 3 months-age and 90-120g were collected. 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in a 0.5% solution in mineral oil was painted on the buccal pouch mucosa 3 times per week in the study group. In each control and experimental groups of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20 weeks, specimen were sectioned for immunohistochemical study with anti-HSP47 and anti-HSP70 antibody. The following results were obtained. 1. HSP47 positive cells were rare or negative of normal oral mucosa, increased mildly in basal and suprabasal basal layer, and spinous cell layer after experimental 6 weeks (dysplastic or CIS stage). In CIS stage, HSP47 expression is prominent in dysplastic free or normal adjacent epithelium. 2. HSP 47 positive cells in connective tissue were mainly inflammatory cells, which is gradually increased from control to precancerous and cancer stage. But HSP47 positive cells after 14 weeks were decreased, especially normal and cancer adjacent epithelium. 3. The positive staining cells of HSP70 in control, dysplastic, and CIS stage were not seen. But they were mild findings in basal layer and moderate findings in spinous layer after experimental 14 weeks (cancer stage). 4. HSP70 positive cells were increased in precancerous and cancer stage than control group in connective tissue. After experimental 16 weeks, we could not find the HSP expression in cancer cells according to cancer differentiation or cancer stage. It is concluded that HSP70 or HSP47 expression is not a definitive marker of oral malignancy or malignant potential. However, with further development, HSP immunoreactivity may be valuable as an adjunct to conventional histology for assessing the malignant potential of oral mucosal lesions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2006

Objectives : The incidence of colorectal cancer increased greatly among the elderly in Korea, but the relationship between smoking and colon cancer remains controversial. Few studies have targeted Asian elderly people. We analyzed the smoking status, the amount smoked, and the smoking duration as risk factors of colorectal cancer to determine their association and causality. Methods: The cohort members (n=14, 103) consisted of 4,694 males and 9,409 females, and they were derived from the Korea Elderly Phamacepidemilogic Cohort (KEPEC), which was a population-based dynamic cohort. They were aged 65 years or more and they lived in Busan Metropolitan City between from 1993-1998; they were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC). The baseline information was surveyed by a self-administered mailed questionnaire; after 8.7 person-years of mean follow up period, 100 cases of colorectal cancer occurred. The adjusted relative ratio (aRR) of smoking status, the smoking amount and the smoking duration were calculated from the Cox's proportional hazard model with the never-smokers as a reference group and the Cox model controlled for age, gender, precancerous lesions of CRC, medication history of NSAIDs & antibiotics, the alcohol drinking status and BMI. Results : Compared with the never smokers, the aRRs were 2.03 (95% CI=1.02-4.03) and 1.36 (95% CI=0.80-2.32) for the ex-smokers and current smokers, respectively. Statistical significant trends were not observed for the dose-relationship among the elderly, either for the mean daily amount smoked (p for trend=0.28) or for the total amount (p for trend=0.15). Still, the aRRs were 1.51 (95% CI=0.97-2.34) for the elderly who smoked less than 40 years and 2.35 (95% CI=1.16-4.74) for the elderly who had 40 years or more of smoking (p for trend=0.06). Smokers who started smoking before the age 20 had an increased aRR of 2.15 (95% CI=1.17-3.93) compared to the never smokers. Conclusions : After controlling for age, gender, precancerous lesion of CRC, medication history of NSAIDs & antibiotics, the alcohol drinking status and BMI, smoking increases the risk of colorectal cancer among elderly people. The age when starting smoking is also important.