• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.541-544
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• 1992

Duck eggs from Indigenous (desi), Khaki Campbell and Crossbred (Indian Runner $\times$ Khaki Campbell, $F_1$) were incubated to investigate fertility, hatchability and other related traits. The fertility was highest in crossbred followed by Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks respectively. The embryonic mortality was highest in Khaki Campbell followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. The embryonic mortality was higher in eggs of 7 days pre-incubation holding period and lower in eggs of 3 days pre-incubation holding period. A significant positive correlation was found between temperature and embryonic mortality as well as relative humidity and embryonic mortality. The hatchability on fertile eggs was highest in crossbred ducks and almost similar in both Khaki Campbell and Indigenous ducks. The hatchability was higher in eggs stored for 3 days in comparison with that of 7 days pre-incubation holding period. A negative correlation was found between temperature and hatchability as well as humidity and hatchability. The normal ducklings hatched out from the eggs of Khaki Campbell ducks was highest followed by Indigenous and crossbred respectively. There was a negative correlation between temperature and normal ducklings hatched as well as relative humidity and normal ducklings hatched. The preincubation holding temperature and relative humidity had positive correlation with dead-in-shell.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.240-245
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• 2010

The effects of controlled energy restriction and duration of pre-incubation egg holding on fertility, hatchability and hatch losses were evaluated in aged broiler breeders (64 wk). The energy (ME) required for maintenance, activity, growth and anticipated egg production was calculated and offered to a control group (283-471 kcal/kg) from 21-64 weeks of age. In three other groups, ME was quantitatively reduced either by 20% (SER; severe energy restriction) or 10% (MER; moderate energy restriction) and increased by10% (EEF; excess energy feeding) over the control group (CER; controlled energy restriction). Each diet was offered to 130 pullets in individual cages, and the quantity of ME increased with age. At the end of 64 weeks, fertile eggs were collected from each dietary group for 11 consecutive days and grouped under 4 holding periods based on the length of storage (2, 5, 8 or 11 d). The influence of energy regimes, egg holding intervals and their interaction was evaluated on fertility, hatch losses and hatchability. Broiler breeders maintained on SER regime (231-419 kcal/d) produced maximum number of eggs (993) followed by MER (819), CER (624) and EEF (438) during the 11-day period. The percent fertility and hatchability was significantly (p$\leq$0.05) higher in SER and MER groups compared to CER and EEF. However, energy regimes did not influence the loss in egg weight during pre-incubation storage, shell weight, shell thickness or hatch losses as dead germs and dead in shell. The improvement in hatchability in SER and MER groups appeared to be closely related to higher fertility and lower embryonic mortality. Holding of eggs for 11 days showed a linear loss in egg weight with the length of storage, but did not influence the fertility and hatch losses. The percent hatchability on eggs set was maximum when storage period was restricted to 5 days. The interaction between energy regimes and egg holding periods exhibited better hatchability results with SER regime when eggs were held for 5 days. Response to MER was not different from SER. It was obvious that energy restriction during production period had a positive influence on egg number, fertility and hatchability in aged breeders. At 64 weeks of age, holding of fertile eggs for 5 days prior to incubation was adequate for optimum hatchability in breeders.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

본 연구는 육용종계 종란의 보관조건에 따른 입란전 보관 기간이 부화율에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 산란 후 입란전 종란보관기간을 달리한 7개 처리, 즉 1일 보관 (T1)에서부터 7일 보관(T7)으로 시험을 실시하였다. 각 처리당3개의 반복을 두어 반복당40개의 종란을 공시하였다. 본 연구는 종계의 주령이 40주령인 여름과 50주령인 가을에 실시하였다. 저장온도에 따른 입란전 종란의 저장기간동안 발육후 18일째의 입란대비 감량률, 수정률, 부화율 및 발육중배자 사망률을 조사하였다. 시험결과 종계의 주령이 40주령인 여름철에는 보관기간이 길어짐에 따라 부화율이 급격하게 하락하여 3일 이상 보관시에는 1~2일 보관보다 낮아 통계적 유의차가 인정되었다(P<.05). 종계의 주령이 50주령인 가을철에는 보관기간에 따른 부화율의 차이는 인정되지 않았다(P<.05). 결론적으로 외기 환경온도가 높을 때(여름철, 25 $25^{\circ}C$이상) 3일 이상의 종란보관은 부화율에 큰 영향을 미치며, 1주일 이상 보관시 부화율 저하를 방지하기 위해서는 13~$19^{\circ}C$의 온도에 보관하는 것이 바람직함을 입증하였다.