• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2007

This study compared and studied the clothing mobility of two types of aerobic clothes - those made of currently popular stretch materials and those made of new stretch materials that were specially developed for this study. The focus of the comparison was on the range of joint movement during activity, and the physiological burden imposed on the body by the clothes. In total, 18 experiments were carried out under controlled conditions in an artificial climatic chamber with a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, air humidity of $60{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ and negligible air movement. Each exercise program consisted of a 30-minute of aerobic workout and a 20-minute rest following the exercise. Measurements were taken to determine the following: physiological reactions (whole-body and local sweat rates), subjective sensations(of temperature, humidity, comfort, tightness, and clothing wetness), joint angle(measured with a goniometer), and so on. The results of the study us as follows: Material B excels in clothing mobility. Material C excels in sweat absorbency and drying speed. Material A was found to be the hottest material, while material C was found to be slightly hot through the analysis of the change in pre- and post-exercise bodyweight(= amount of sweat). Regarding the amount of evaporated sweat, material A>material C>material B. Material B produced the smallest amount of evaporated sweat. The wider the range of joint movement, the smaller the amount of sweat and the lower the average skin temperature.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2010

가압경수로 원전 농축폐액건조설비(CWDS)에서 생성된 농축폐액건조물에 대한 고화 방안이 국내외적으로 다양하게 연구되어 왔다. 농축폐액의 고형화는 시멘트, 파라핀 및 폴리머와 같은 고화제를 이용하여 수행되어 왔다. 동시에 농축폐액에 대한 감용비 및 운영상의 효과를 극대화하기 위한 농축폐액건조물 전처리 방안이 연구되었다. 건조된 분말 형태의 폐기물을 유리화 설비에서 직접 처리할 경우 비산에 의한 배기체 계통 및 폐기물 투입구 막힘 현상을 초래할 수 있으며, 취급 중 비산에 의한 방사성피폭을 초래할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 분말형태의 폐기물을 유리화설비에서 고화하기 위한 전처리방안을 수립하고 이를 통해 설비운영 및 폐기물 운영관리의 안전성을 확보하는데 목적이 있다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2017

Background: Dehisced ginseng seeds need to be stored at cold temperatures for around 3 months to break their physiological dormancy, and thus, to aid in gemination. In the presence of high moisture in such an environment, seed spoilage and pre-germination may lower seed quality and productivity. To improve seed quality during cold-stratification, the effects of seed dehydration and temperature were tested. Methods and Results: In early December, dehisced ginseng seeds were dehydrated at 4 different levels and stored at $2^{\circ}C$ $-2^{\circ}C$, and $-20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months. Germination was carried out on the filter papers moistened with distilled water; emergence of root, shoot, and seed spoilage were assessed. Seed viability was examined by the tetrazolium test. More than 90% of the seeds stored at $2^{\circ}C$ and $-2^{\circ}C$ without drying or endocarp dehydration germinated, but seeds that were dehydrated to have a moisture content (MC) below 31% showed poor germination and lost their viability. In addition, the seeds stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ failed to show effective germination. Conclusions: Seed storage after endocarp dehydration might help to improve seed quality and increase seedling's ability to stand during the spring-sowing of ginseng.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2019

인쇄회로기판(PCB) 제조 공정 중 발생된 슬러지로부터 구리성분을 건식제련방법으로 회수하기 위해서 슬러지를 원료로 한 펠렛화 연구를 진행하였다. 슬러지 펠렛화를 위해 건조, 해쇄, 입도분급의 전처리 실시하였고, 혼합 및 압축장치를 포함한 펠렛화 기기를 개발하였다. 제조된 펠렛의 물리적 특성평가는, 슬러지 입도, 펠렛화 압축 횟수를 변화시키면서 비파괴 낙하횟수, 압축강도를 측정하였다. #140 mesh over의 입자를 제거한 경우, 펠렛의 특성은 0.6 MPa, 9.3회로 향상되었으며, 여기에 #325 under 입자를 한번 더 제거한 경우 0.82 MPa, 19.0회로 더욱 더 향상되었다. 이는 조립자의 경우, 충진밀도를 감소시키고, 미립자의 경우 성형에 요구되는 점결제의 투입량을 증가시키기 때문에 나타난 결과로 판단된다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2018

This study collected basic data on two types of canned roasted oyster Crassostrea gigas. Oysters Crassostrea gigas were immersed at $105^{\circ}C$ for 6 min and then washed and dehydrated before pre-drying. Roasted oysters were prepared by baking boiled oysters at $140^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. The canned roasted oyster added with tomato sauce was prepared as follows. An aluminum can was filled with 50 g of roasted oyster and 40 g of mixed seasoning sauce, degassed at $90^{\circ}C$ for 3 min and vacuum-sealed using a double seamer under a 20 cmHg vacuum. The canned roasted oyster added with tomato paste sauce was prepared similarly by adding the same amount of tomato paste sauce instead of tomato sauce. Microbial growth, appearance, proximate composition, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, amino-N, salinity, color value, texture, free and total amino acids, and minerals were measured in the two products. A sensory evaluation indicated that the canned roasted oyster added with tomato paste sauce had preferable characteristics over the canned roasted oyster sauce added with tomato sauce.

• 생약학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of red doraji (Platycodon grandiflorum, RD) prepared by repeated steaming and drying process in the immune-suppressed mice induced by pre (RD-A) or post-treatment (RD-B) with cyclophosphamide. The immune-stimulating effects of ethanol RD extract in in vivo at 150 (RD-1) and 300 mg/kg body weight (RD-2) for RD-A and RD-B groups were measured and compared to the NC group supplied with distilled water only or positive control group. After 14 days of oral supplement, serum IgA, IgG, and cytokine levels, splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and gene expression of cytokines were measured as immune related biomarkers. Serum IgA, IgG, IL-1β, and IL-12 levels increased in both RD-A and RD-B groups while serum TNF-α level decreased in RD-A group compared to the NC group. Splenocytes proliferation rate, NK cell activity, and cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ) expression levels were also improved by RD supplement in the both groups. The RD showed more significant immunomodulatory effects at higher dose (RD-2) rather than the lower dose (RD-1). Thus, RD has an immune efficacy in a dose dependent manner and can be used as an immune stimulating source to improve immunity.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2022

Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2023

The practical use of Korean native black goat skin as a source of gelatin extraction is limited. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction temperature and time of gelatin from Korean native black goat skin, and to compare the quality characteristics of goat skin gelatin and other commercial gelatin products. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction temperature and time of gelatin obtained from native Korean black goat skin. The effects of temperature (50℃-70℃) and time (2-4 h) on extraction yield and gel strength were investigated using a face-centered central composite design with 13 experiments. Gelatin extraction from Korean native black goat skin was prepared through the serial processes of alkali pre-treatment, bleaching, neutralization, hot-water extraction, and freeze-drying. Using the optimization plot of Minitab software, the optimized conditions for extracting temperature and time of goat skin gelatin were 59.49℃ and 3.03 h, and the optimized values of extraction yield and gel strength were 12.52% and 263.37 g, respectively. Based on a quality comparison of goat skin gelatin with commercial gelatin, the pH value of gelatin extracted from Korean native black goat skin was 5.57. The color of gelatin extracted from Korean native black goat skin was darker than that of commercial gelatin (p<0.05). Higher emulsifying properties and gel strength of goat skin gelatin were observed when compared to those of commercial gelatin (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that Korean native black goat skin may be a valuable source for gelatin extraction.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5D호
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• pp.813-819
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• 2006

미끄럼 저항은 타이어와 도로노면의 마찰저항을 나타내는 지수로 차량의 주행 안전성에 지대한 영향을 미친다. 타이어의 상태, 노면의 마모도, 주행속도, 노면의 건조, 습윤, 결빙 등에 따라 미끄럼저항의 크기는 달라진다. 특히 겨울철 도로노면의 경우 강설 후 기온강하에 도로포장표면이 결빙이 발생할 경우 미끄럼저항이 급격히 저하되며, 미끄럼저항을 회복하고자 제설 작업을 수행하게 된다. 제설작업 후에는 습윤상태로 노면조건이 바뀌게 되는데, 제설제가 노면에 잔류하게 되면 일반적인 습윤상태에서의 미끄럼저항을 확보치 못할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 포장도로의 대다수를 차지하는 밀입도 아스팔트와 타이닝 콘크리트 포장노면에 대하여 실험실 조건에서 노면 결빙시, 제설중 제설후 잔류물이 노면에 있을 경우의 조건에서의 미끄럼저항을 정량적으로 평가하였다. 연구 결과 노면 결빙시 미끄럼저항 회복시간은 수용액 살포방법이 고체염 살포방법 보다 빠르며 제설제 중에는 소금이 가장 빠르게 나타났다. 노면에 잔류한 제설제는 콘크리트 시편이 아스팔트 시편보다 미끄럼저항 값이 높게 나타났으며 습윤 노면 상태와 비교시 미끄럼저항 확보율은 54~80% 이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.378-387
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국인의 주요 부식 김치의 주재료인 배추의 연중 수급 안정화를 목적으로 봄배추 저장기간 연장의 최적조건을 확립하고자 수행되었다. 저장조건 및 기간별 김치를 제조하여 숙성 중 변화를 연구한 실험 결과, 정선손실률은 저장 12주차에 크게 증가하였으며, 저장 6주와 12주 배추 모두 플라즈마+역방향+예건+HDPE film 처리구의 손실률이 가장 낮았다. 저장 12주 배추의 절임수율과 김치수율은 저장방법에 있어 정방향 처리구에 비하여 역방향+예건+HDPE film 처리구가 높게 나타났으나, 전반적인 수율이 저장 6주와 비교할 때 급격히 저하되어 상업적 가치는 낮은 것으로 판단되었다. 경도는 제조직후에 비하여 숙성 1개월부터는 저장기간에 따른 차이가 미미하였으나, 이 중 저장 6주 배추는 숙성 1개월부터 광촉매+정방향 처리구가, 저장 12주 배추는 저온저장+정방향 처리구가 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 숙성 2개월째에 저장 6주의 광촉매+정방향 처리구와 12주의 플라즈마와 저온저장의 정방향 처리구가 염도의 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났으며, pH와 산도는 역방향+예건+HDPE film 처리구의 변화가 적어 정방향 처리구보다 숙성이 느리게 진행되는 것을 알 수 있었다(p<0.05). 관능평가 결과, 전반적으로 적입 및 전처리 방법에 있어서 정방향 처리구에 비해 역방향+예건+HDPE film 처리구가 우수한 점수를 얻었으며, 저장방법에 있어서는 저장 6주와 12주 배추 모두 플라즈마와 광촉매 저장기술을 이용한 처리구의 평가가 저온저장고($0.5^{\circ}C$)에서 저장한 처리구에 비해 높았으며, 특히 김치의 적숙기로 볼 수 있는 숙성 1개월째에는 플라즈마, 광촉매, 저온저장 순으로 높은 점수를 기록하여 플라즈마 및 광촉매 등 고도화 기술의 이용이 유용할 것으로 사료되었다. 다만 숙성기간이 길어질수록 질감에는 큰 차이가 없었으나, 냄새, 맛, 전체적인 기호도에 있어 저온저장($0.5^{\circ}C$) 처리구의 점수가 높아진 것으로 나타나, 장기 숙성을 요하는 묵은지 제조 등에는 저온저장($0.5^{\circ}C$)이 더 적합할 것으로 판단된다.