• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.656-662
• /
• 2000

A high level of Staphylococcus haemolyticus L62 lipase was expressed in an Escherichia coli transformant. The expressed lipase activity in the cell-free extract was 70,800 U/l, which corresponded to 30% of the total cellular protein. Pre-mixing of the l62 lipase with some nonionic detergents enhanced its hydrolytic activity towards olive oil: Tween detergents activated the L62 lipase by 3 fold. Gel filtration chromatography of the Tween-80-L62 lipase mixture demonstrated a polymerized complex (∼180 kDa) formed exclusively between Tween-80 and the L62 lipase. The lipase enzyme in the complex showed a higher specific activity towards most triacylglycerols than the intact L62 lipase. The activity enhancement towards each substrate was quite different depending on the acyl chain length; the activity towards tributyrin, trilinolein, and trilinolenin was much more enhanced than the towards the medium and the long-chain saturated triglycerides.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.251-258
• /
• 2020

PURPOSE. The bond strengths between resin denture teeth with various compositions and denture base resins including conventional and CAD/CAM purposed materials were evaluated to find influence of each material. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical rods (6.0 mm diameter × 8.0 mm length) prepared from pre-polymerized CAD/CAM denture base resin blocks (PMMA Block-pink; Huge Dental Material, Vipi Block-Pink; Vipi Industria) were bonded to the basal surface of resin teeth from three different companies (VITA MFT^®; VITA Zahnfabrik, Endura Posterio^®; SHOFU Dental, Duracross Physio^®; Nissin Dental Products Inc.) using resin cement (Super-Bond C&B; SUN MEDICAL). As a control group, rods from a conventional heat-polymerizing denture base resin (Vertex™ Rapid Simplified; Vertex-Dental B.V. Co.) were attached to the resin teeth using the conventional flasking and curing method. Furthermore, the effect of air abrasion was studied with the highly cross-linked resin teeth (VITA MFT^®) groups. The shear bond strengths were measured, and then the fractured surfaces were examined to analyze the mode of failure. RESULTS. The shear bond strengths of the conventional heat-polymerizing PMMA denture resin group and the CAD/CAM denture base resin groups were similar. Air abrasion to VITA MFT^® did not improve shear bond strengths. Interfacial failure was the dominant cause of failure for all specimens. CONCLUSION. Shear bond strengths of CAD/CAM denture base materials and resin denture teeth using resin cement are comparable to those of conventional methods.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2012

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bonds strength (${\mu}TBS$) of resin core with two adhesive systems to dentin in endodontic cavities. Materials and Methods: Flat dentinal surfaces in 40 molar endodontic cavities were treated with self-etch adhesive system, Contax (DMG) and total-etch adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after the following surface treatments: (1) Priming only (Contax), (2) CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Contax), (3) Etching with priming (Adper Single Bond 2), (4) Etching + CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Adper Single Bond 2). Resin composite build-ups were made with LuxaCore (DMG) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of specimens were submitted to ${\mu}TBS$ after 24 hr storage and half of them were submitted to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ before testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 95%. Results: CHX pre-treatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of dentin surface treatments. However, after 10,000 thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength. The amount of reduction was greater in groups without CHX treatments than groups with CHX treatment. These characteristics were the same in both self-etch adhesive system and total-etch adhesive system. Conclusions: 2% CHX application for 15 sec proved to alleviate the decrease of bond strength of dentin bonding systems. No significant difference was shown in ${\mu}TBS$ between total-etching system and self-etching system.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.727-736
• /
• 2001

Dentinal hypersensitivity is one of the complicated symptom rather than a disease. It has special reaction or pain over uncovered root by heat, mechanical or chemical stimulations, which are normal with healthy teeth, The purpose of this study is to discover rather MS Coat (oxalate-containing pre-polymerized resin suspension) or Elmex gel(amine fluoride+sodium fluoride) is effective on hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment using NRS(Numerica1 Rating Scales), which it is useful for evaluating pain level. This study has been prepared in Dankook Dental Hospital with generally healthy adult who had been suffered from dentinal hypersensitivity after periodontal treatment. Divided in three groups with saline(control group), MS Coat(test 1 group) and Elmex gel(test 2 group). And then, following evaluations were made at the end of 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. 1. The sequence of higher frequency & severeness of hypersensitivity is water within $7^{\circ}C$, air stream & explorer. 2. As time goes on, 1 minute, 1 week, 1 month & 3 months, severeness of hypersensitivity scored lower with water, air stream and explorer. 3. With explorer, the differences among three groups as time had to seen. 4. With air stream, the sensitivity scored lower after 1min with MS Coat, Elmex, and saline sequence. As time goes on the sensitivity was lower with MS Coat and Elmex than saline, but there was no difference between MS Coat and Elmex. 5. With water in $7^{\circ}C$, the sensitivity was much decreasing with MS Coat and Elmex than saline, but there was no difference between MS Coat and Elmex. As the result, MS Coat and Elmex are effective on hypersensitivity caused by periodontal treatment.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.100-109
• /
• 2015

Environmental problems from petroleum-based plastic wastes have been rapidly increasing in recent years. The alternative solution is focus on the development of environmental friendly plastic derived from renewable resource. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer synthesized from biomass having potential to replace the petroleum-based non-degradable polymers utilizations. PLA can be synthesized by two methods: (1) ring-opening of lactide intermediate and (2) direct polycondensation of lactic acid processes. The latter process has advantages on high yields and high purity of polymer products, materials handling and ease of process treatments. The polymerization process of PLA synthesis has been widely studied in a laboratory scale. However, the mass scale production using direct polycondensation of lactic acid has not been reported. We have investigated the kinetics and scale-up process of direct polycondensation method to produce PLA in a pilot scale. The order of reaction is 2 and activation energy of lactic acid to lactic acid oligomers is 61.58 kJ/mol. The pre-polymer was further polymerized in a solid state polymerization (SSP) process. The synthesized PLA from both the laboratory and pilot scales show the comparable properties such as melting temperature and molecular weight. The appearance of synthesized PLA is yellow-white solid powder.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.55-64
• /
• 2019

PURPOSE. The accuracy of denture bases was compared among injection molding, milling, and rapid prototyping (RP) fabricating method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary edentulous master cast was fabricated and round shaped four notches were formed. The cast was duplicated to ten casts and scanned. In the injection molding method, designed denture bases were milled from a wax block and fabricated using SR Ivocap injection system. Denture bases were milled from a pre-polymerized block in the milling method. In the RP method, denture bases were printed and post-cured. The intaglio surface of the base was scanned and surface matching software was used to measure inaccuracy. Measurements were performed between four notches and two points in the mid-palatal suture to evaluate inaccuracy. The palatine rugae resolution was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis at ${\alpha}=.05$. RESULTS. No statistically significant differences in distances among four notches (P>.05). The accuracy of the injection molding method was lower than those of the other methods in two points of the mid-palatal suture significantly (P<.05). The degree of palatine rugae resolution was significantly higher in the injection molding method than that in other methods (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The overall accuracy of the denture base is higher in milling and RP method than the injection molding method. The degree of fine reproducibility is higher in the injection molding method than the milling or RP method.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.300-308
• /
• 2021

본 연구에서는 3차원 네트워크 폴리아크릴산나트륨 겔의 가교환경을 변화시켜 기계적 강도 및 팽윤거동을 제어하고 그 물성을 평가하는 연구를 진행하였다. 일반적으로 겔 용액의 가교도가 증가함에 따라 3차원 네트워크 겔의 팽윤비는 감소하고 겔의 기계적 강도는 증가한다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 네트워크 겔 상의 가교개수밀도를 산출하여, 겔화 과정에서 가교환경에 의존하는 중합효율 및 가교효율을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 겔 용액에서 단량체와 가교제의 중량비가 동일하더라도 가교환경이 달라지면 실제 제조된 겔 내부의 가교개수밀도가 3.6배 이상 달라질 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 시도한 가교개수밀도 기반 겔 평가 방법을 활용하면 효과적인 VOCs 흡수제로써 3차원 네트워크 겔을 최적화 할 수 있으리라 기대된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.124-139
• /
• 2007

In order to obtain the maximum flame retardancy with the minimal deterioration of physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings, chlorine and phosphorous functional groups were introduced into the pre-polymer of modified polyesters. In the first step, the tetramethylene bis(orthophosphate) (TBOP) and neohexanediol dichloroacetate (DCA-adduct) intermediates were synthesized. In the second step, 1,4-butanediol and adipic acid monomers were polymerized with the two kind of intermediates to obtain copolymer. The modified polyesters containing chlorine and phosphorous (ATBA-10C, -20C, and -30C) were synthesized by adjusting the contents of chlorine compound (dichloroacetic acid, 10, 20, 30 wt%) with fixed the content of phosphorous compound (2 wt%). The PU flame-retardant coatings (TTBAH -10C, -20C, and -30C) were prepared using the synthesized ATBAs and HDI-trimer as curing agent at room temperature. The physical properties of PU flame-retardant coatings with chlorine and phosphorous were inferior to those with phosphorous only and the properties were getting worse with increasing chlorine content. Flame retardancy was tested with three methods. With the vertical method, Complete combustion time of ATBAHs were $259^{\sim}347$ seconds, which means that the prepared coatings are good flame-retardant. With the $45^{\circ}$ Meckel burner method, char lengths of the three prepared coatings were less than 2.9 cm, which indicates that the prepared coatings are 1st grade flame retardancy. With the limiting oxygen index (LOI) method, the LOI values of the three prepared coatings were in the range of $30^{\sim}35%$, which proves good flame retardancy of the prepared coatings. From the results of flame retardancy tests of the specimens that contain the same amounts of flame retarding compounds, it was found that the coatings containing both phosphorous and chlorine show higher flame retardancy than the coatings containing phosphorous alone. This indicates that some synergy effect of flame retardancy exists between phosphorous and chlorine.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 1999

The composite resin, due to its esthetic qualities, is considered the material of choice for restoration of anterior teeth. With respect to shade control, the direct-placement resin composites offer some distinct advantages over indirect restorative procedures. Visible-light-cured (VLC) composites allow dentists to match existing tooth shades or to create new shades and to evaluate them immediately at the time of restoration placement. Optimal intraoral color control can be achieved if optical changes occurring during application are minimized. An ideal VLC composite, then, would be one which is optically stable throughout the polymerization process. The shade guides of the resin composites are generally made of plastic, rather than the actual composite material, and do not accurately depict the true shade, translucency, or opacity of the resin composite after polymerization. So the numerous problems associated with these shade guides lead to varied and sometimes unpredictable results. The aim of this study was to assess the color changes of current resin composite restorative materials which occur as a result of the polymerization process and to compare the color differences between the shade guides provided with the products and the actual resin composites before- and after-polymerization. The results obtained from this investigation should provide the clinician with information which may aid in improved color match of esthetic restoration. Five light activated, resin-based materials (${\AE}$litefil, Amelogen Universal, Spectrum TPH VeridonFil-Photo, and Z100) and shade guides were used in this study. Three specimens of each material and shade combination were made. Each material was condensed inside a 1.5mm thick metal mold with 10mm diameter and pressed between glass plates. Each material was measured immediately before polymerization, and polymerized with Curing Light XL 3000 (3M Dental products, USA) visible light-activation unit for 60 seconds at each side. The specimens were then polished sequentially on wet sandpaper. Shade guides were ground with polishing stones and rubber points (Shofu) to a thickness of approximately 1.5mm. Color characteristics were performed with a spectrophotometer (CM-3500d, Minolta Co., LTD). A computer-controlled spectrophotometer was used to determine CIELAB coordinates ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$) of each specimen and shade guide. The CIELAB measurements made it possible to evaluate the amount of the color difference values (${\Delta}E{^*}ab$) of resin composites before the polymerization process and shade guides using the post-polishing color of the composite as a control, CIE standard D65 was used as the light source. The results were as follows. 1. Each of the resin composites evaluated showed significant color changes during light-curing process. All the resin composites evaluated except all the tested shades of 2100 showed unacceptable level of color changes (${\Delta}E{^*}ab$ greater than 3.3) between pre-polymerization and post-polishing state. 2. Color differences between most of the resin composites tested and their corresponding shade guides were acceptable but those between C2 shade of ${\AE}$litefil and IE shade of Amelogen Universal and their respective shade guides exceeded what is acceptable. 3. Comparison of the mean ${\Delta}E{^*}ab$ values of materials revealed that Z100 showed the least overall color change between pre-polymerization and post-polishing state followed by ${\AE}$litefil, VeridonFil-Photo, Spectrum TPH, and Amelogen Universal in the order of increasing change and Amelogen Universal. Spectrum TPH, 2100, VeridonFil-Photo and ${\AE}$litefil for the color differences between actual resin and shade guide. 4. In the clinical environment, the shade guide is the better choice than the shade of the actual resin before polymerization when matching colors. But, it is recommended that custom shade guides be made from resin material itself for better color matching.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.183-195
• /
• 2020

목적: 이 논문의 목적은 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진과 열중합 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도를 비교해보고, 두께에 따른 굴곡 강도 변화도 비교해보는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 열중합 의치상 레진은 Lucitone 199^® (C-LC)을 사용하였다. 3D printing 의치상 레진으로는 DIOnavi - Denture (P-DO)와 DENTCA - Denture Base II (P-DC)를 사용하였다. 밀링 PMMA 블록으로는 Vipi Block Gum (M-VP)과 M-IVoBase^® CAD (M-IV)를 사용하였다. 시편의 최종 규격은 65.0 mm × 12.7 mm × 1.6 mm / 2.0 mm / 2.5 mm였다. 굴곡 강도와 굴곡 탄성율을 측정하기 위해 3점 굽힘 시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 파절된 시편의 단면을 주사전자현미경 (SEM) 을 사용하여 분석하였다. 데이터의 정규성을 확인한 뒤 일원분산분석(one-way ANOVA)을 사용하여 유의 수준 P = 0.05로 설정하여 그룹 간의 차이를 평가한 뒤, 사후 분석을 위해 Tukey HSD test를 시행하였다. 결과: 동일 두께 내에서, P-DO를 제외한 나머지 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진들과 열중합 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. M-VP는 열중합 의치상 레진 보다 굴곡 강도가 높게 나타났고, P-DC와 M-IV는 낮은 굴곡 강도를 보였다. 굴곡 탄성률은 M-VP에서 제일 높게 나타났고 C-LC, P-DO, P-DC, M-IV 순으로 낮아졌으며 재료간에 모두 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 두께에 따른 굴곡 강도는, C-LC에서는 2.5 mm가 1.6 mm보다 유의하게 높은 굴곡 강도를 보였고, P-DC, M-VP는 2.5 mm와 2.0 mm에서 1.6 mm보다 유의하게 높은 굴곡 강도가 나타났다. M-IV에서는 두께가 증가할수록 유의한 굴곡 강도 증가가 나타났다. SEM 분석 결과 서로 다른 재료들의 파절된 단면은 각기 다른 양상을 띄었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 사용된 CAD/CAM 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 각 재료의 성분 및 특성에 따라 다양하게 나타났다. CAD/CAM 의치상 레진의 굴곡 강도는 두께가 감소하여도 1.6 mm 이상의 두께에서는 ISO 20795-1:2013에서 제시하는 굴곡 강도보다 높게 나타났다. 하지만 보다 얇은 두께의 의치를 임상적으로 사용하기 위해서는, 더 낮은 두께의 의치상 레진의 다른 특성들에 관한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.