• Architectural research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2011

This study notices that all religions in Central Asia from the fourth century through seventh century C.E. provided considerable hands in keeping a uniform unity through a process of assimilation, although art and architecture were greatly stimulated by the creative genius of the many people. The study thus intends to argue that the common ideas of rituals and primitive forms of religious shrines lead the square-based layout of Buddhist shrines the unity and universality in the architectural products of particular regions or epochs: i.e. the "square-based plan" in Buddhist temples of Central Asia was a significant prototype in the synthesis with pre-Buddhist architectural models and Buddhist universal ideas. Thus, this thesis notes that they did not lose the universal principles of the Buddhist shrine plans due to ritual functions, and even there have been never differences from pre-Buddhist building models remarked by the periods and the venues in which they were produced, although there had been continuous evolutions and adaptive transformations in the local tastes of religious architecture. Accordingly, this study discusses how such plans in Buddhist architecture had been consistently produced within that regional style also representative of the local idioms of architecture, and how they were adopted in the sites, founded on the composition of ritual functions. The foreign architectural cultures were selectively chosen getting along with local building types of each site according to each taste for architecture as a result.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.497-511
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials. Methods: Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. 'Notices for Parents' forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively. Results: The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 ± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 ± 0.9. The most satisfying content was 'Did you get to know how to eat evenly?'. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: 'Five nutrients needed for growing children' and 'Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foods'. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 ± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the 'Notices for Parents' form. Conclusions: In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

• 한국조사연구학회지:조사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.25-51
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 설문지 형태 등 다양한 요인들이 인터넷 조사의 응답률 및 신뢰성에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해 숙명여자대학교 재학생960명을 표본으로 추출하여 전자우편조사를 실시하였다. 조사 결과 53.9%의 응답률을 얻었으며, 이를 통해 인터넷조사에서 단일스크린 형태와 다중스크린형태, 사전통보, 응답 재요청 등의 요인에 따른 응답률을 분석하였다. 또한 사례연구를 통해 비확률추출법인 자발적 참여에 의한 인터넷조사와 확률추출법인 전자우편조사 결과를 비교했을 경우 전자우편조사에서 보다 성실한 응답을 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다. 비록 제한적인 모집단을 연구대상으로 했지만 과학적인 확률추출을 적용한 신뢰성 있는 인터넷조사방법의 구현이 무엇보다 중요하고, 아울러 특정 집단을 모집단으로 하는 경우 확률추출에 의한 인터넷조사 방법의 구현이 현실적으로 가능하다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 의료법학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.187-220
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• 2020

오늘날 행정입법은 국민의 법적 생활 관계를 매우 구체적이고 상세하게 설정할 뿐 아니라, 수범자가 가지는 권리·의무의 발생, 소멸, 변경 등과 밀접한 관련성을 가진다는 점에서 그 중요성이 점점 더 커지고 있다. 미국의 경우 행정입법의 종류를 실체규정과 해석규정으로 나누어 이른바 실체규정으로서 "국민의 권리와 의무에 영향을 미치는" 행정입법의 경우 연방 행정절차법 제553조에 따라 공식 혹은 비공식 행정절차를 통해 이해 당사자에 대한 사전통지와 의견제출의 기회를 부여하고 있다. 반면, 행정청이 "법령의 단순해석을 위하여 제정한 규정"인 해석규정의 경우 국민의 권리 의무관계에 영향을 주지 않는다고 보아 사전통지와 의견제출을 요구하지 않는다. 본 연구논문의 대상이 된 미국 연방대법원의 Azar v. Allina Health Service, 587 U.S. 1804, 2019 판결은 2014년 메디케어 감독청이 빈곤층을 위하여 의료서비스를 제공한 요양의료기관에 대하여 보상액을 결정하도록 하는 신규정을 둘러싼 논쟁에 관한 것으로 당해 규정을 행정절차법상 실체규정으로 보아 청문과 사전통지 절차를 부여하여야 하는지 혹은 단순한 내부 사무처리 지침인 해석규정으로 보아 그와 같은 절차를 필요로 하지 않는다고 보아야 하는 것인지와 관련된 내용이다. 우리나라의 현행 행정절차법이 제42조 1항 및 제44조 1항을 통하여 행정상 입법예고의 절차에 관하여 규정하고 있지만 여태까지 우리 법원이 행정절차법상 입법예고절차의 위반을 행정입법 위법성 심사기준으로 판단한 바 없다는 점에서 미국 연방대법원의 논쟁은 단순한 법률해석을 넘어 법규명령 통제에 대한 새로운 시사점을 제공할 것이며, 향후 행정절차법상 관련 규정 정비 측면에서 큰 의미를 갖는다고 평가할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2016

Objectives: This study attempted to evaluate the usefulness and direction of development of post-traumatic assessment and interventions based on the opinions of psychiatrics and disaster and trauma-related experts using the Delphi survey technique. Methods: In-depth individual interviews served as the pre-survey and were followed by Delphi primary and secondary surveys. Specialists in child and adolescent mental health, psychological support professionals specialized in disasters and related practitioners with experience of disasters in Korea completed a set of questionnaires and participated in focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews on post-traumatic assessment and intervention. Results: We found that the following issues have a significant impact on the interventions after disasters: the proper time of the initial interview in the event of a disaster, assessment notices, aged assessment services, mandatory enforcement measures, scale screening and treatment intervention elements, symptoms degree classification, intervention standardization, the use of a levelled program, care unit environment, and operation plan. Conclusion: This study proposed effective mental health intervention measures and has implications for the development of evaluation treatment protocols after disasters.