• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.3-3
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• 2003

고밀도 플라즈마를 생산할 수 있는 대면적용 플라즈마 소스의 개발은 미세전자구조 산업에서부터 FPD 산업에 이르기까지 많은 영역에 걸쳐 필수 불가결한 기술요소가 되어가고 있 다. 이러한 대면적용 고밀도 플라즈마에의 적용을 위하여 새로운 유도결합형 플라즈마 소오스의 개발이 진행되고 있으며, 차세대 반도체 식각 및 세정 공정을 위하여 여러 형태의 안 테나가 연구되어지고 있다. 그러나 TFT -LCD에 적용이 가능하게끔 기존의 ICP 소오스를 직 접적으로 대면적화 하는 데에는 여러 가지 문제점들로 인해 그 한계점이 들어났다. 그 예로 안테나의 길이가 길어짐에 따른 안테나 저항 값이 커지며, 안테나 소스 길이자체가 사용하는 인가전력(13.56MHz)의 반파장에 해당되는 길이가 되었을 경우 생기는 심각한 정상파 효과, 유전물질의 두께 증가 및 그에 따른 재료비의 상승 및 관리상의 어려움들이 바로 그것 이라 할 수 있겠다. 그러므로, 본 연구에서는 차세대 TFT -LCD 대면적 공정에 적용 가능한 고밀도 플라즈마 를 발생시키기 위해서 내장형 유도결합형 선혈 안테나를 사용하였다. 내장형 유도결합형 선 혈 안테나가 가지고 있는 고유의 정전기적 결합효과를 최소화시키기 위해 직사각형모앙의 플라즈마 댐버(830mm*1,020mm)에서 영구자석을 사용하여 multi-cusp 자장효과 및 다양 한 자장의 배열에 따른 플라즈마 특성변화를 살펴보았다. 영구자석을 사용하여 외부자장을 인가하였을 때가, 그럴지 않은 때보다 RF 안테나 코일의 전압을 낮춰주었으며, 영구자석의 배열에 따라 코일의 인덕턴스의 값이 크게 변함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 최적화된 자장의 배열은 플라즈마의 이온밀도를 증가시켰으며, 플라즈마의 균일도도 10% 이내로 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 영구자석에 의한 자장의 유무 및 공정압력과 인가전력에 따른 P Photoresist Film의 식각특성에 관해 살펴보았다.증을 위한 실험.측정장비의 구입 및 업계와의 공동활용, 국내.외 최신기술 정보자료의 수집과 신속제공, 국내.외 전문가 초청 활 용, 미래 지향적 목적활용 기초연구사업 수행, 미래기술 동향예측 및 홍보 등을 통해 서 국내 도금기술의 기술자립 및 고도화를 위한 여건마련을 위하여 노력하고 있다.빛 이때의 부식속도(선형분극법), 인위적인 피막 파괴 전,후 의 전위 변화 및 부식속도 측정법에 의한 국부부식 발달 저지능 등을 평가하여 각 실험결과를 비교분석하여 보았다. 수록 민감하여 304 의 IGSCC 와 매우 유사한 거동을 보인다. 본 강연에서는 304 와 600 의 고온 물에서 일어나는 IGSCC 민감도에 미치는 환경, 예민화처리, 합금원소의 영향을 고찰하고 이에 대한 최근의 연구 동향과 방식 방법을 다룬다.다.의 목적과 지식)보다 미학적 경험에 주는 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 모든 사람들에게 비슷한 미학적 경험을 발생시키는 것 이 밝혀졌다. 다시 말하면 모든 사람들은 그들의 문화적인 국적과 사회적 인 직업의 차이, 목적의 차이, 또한 환경의 의미의 차이에 상관없이 아름다 운 경관(High-beauty landscape)을 주거지나 나들이 장소로서 선호했으며, 아름답다고 평가했다. 반면에, 사람들이 갖고 있는 문화의 차이, 직업의 차 이, 목적의 차이, 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.117-125
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• 2016

Purpose - As consumers' needs for purchasing fresh and safe food have been bigger in Korea, their interest in local food is also growing recently. So, the number of local food stores has been increased from 3 in 2012 to 103 in 2015. Local food stores should operate a business responding consumers' needs in order that local food stores are not to be a one-time fad. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of consumers who use a local food store and provide helpful implications to design a strategy for sustainable growth of local food store. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, Probit model was used for empirical analysis in order to examine the effect of purchase choice attributes of agricultural products, consumer's satisfaction, and their demographic factors upon the intention to use a local food store. After estimating coefficients of the probit model, marginal effects were calculated as a standard normal, and cumulative distribution is differentiated with respect to explanatory variables. To collect the data, questionnaire survey was carried out with the consumers using the local food store (Youngjin Nonghyup near to Jeonju city located in Jeollabuk-do). Result - The data analysis found that the more consumers are satisfied with local food store, the higher intention they have to use the local food store. In addition, it was known that the factors related to quality of agricultural products and shopping convenience among the purchase choice attributes have a considerable impact on the purchase intention of a local food store. In demographic factors, income was turned out to be an important factor affecting purchase intention of local food. Such a result supports the hypothesis that high income consumers are likely to purchase local food, which is based on the inference that consumers who have a high income tend to pursue wellbeing life. Futhermore, information delivery, through a reputable media source among general factors, was known to play an important role in forming an intention to purchase local food. According to the analysis of marginal effects, probability of purchase intention of a local food store is increased by 11.4%, if a monthly average income of a household is above 4.5 million Won(Korean currency). If purchasing satisfaction with local food stores is high, the probability of purchase intention would be increased by 24.1%. Likewise, such a probability goes up by 8.7%, 5.8%, respectively as an increasing one unit of quality of agricultural products and shopping convenience of local food stores, respectively. Conclusion - For attaining sustainable growth in a local food store, it is considered necessarily to establish a proper store operation system to meet consumers' needs, especially for quality and shopping convenience of local food. Moreover, as it was found that appropriate communication through media source has a positive effect on the intention to use local food store, PR activity seems to be necessary to expand the consumers' demands for local foods.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.26-33
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• 2017

The behavior on the solvent extraction of heavy rare earths (HRE) by using PC88A was confirmed to demonstrate the possibility of recovery on the HRE from industrial wastewater, which consist of low concentration rare earth. We verified the extraction behavior of the HRE through a change of equilibrium pH, extractant concentration and A/O ratio, and also confirmed the stripping behavior depending on the type of mineral acids. At equilibrium pH 1.0, extraction of rare earth (RE) was completed from 95% to 100%. In all extraction conditions, it tend to be extracted in order of high atomic number. When A/O ratio was 10/1, Yb and Tm were concentrated at the maximum and increased 6-fold and 3-fold compared to initial concentration, respectively. To confirm the stripping behavior of the RE, three mineral acids were applied to the organic phase and consequently rate of stripping was increased in order of $HNO_3$, $H_2SO_4$ and HCl.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 2018

Background: Elderly patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are vulnerable to adverse events (AEs). This study evaluated adherence to chemotherapy and treatment outcomes in elderly patients treated with a frontline bortezomib (BTZ), melphalan, and prednisone (VMP) regimen and regimens without BTZ. Methods: One-hundred and forty elderly patients who were diagnosed with MM from March 2007 to March 2015 were included in this retrospective study. To evaluate regimen adherence, patients who were treated with more than 4 cycles were assigned to the good adherence group. Results: Among the 140 patients, 71 were treated with a frontline VMP and 69 with non-BTZ regimens. The median age was 71 years (range, 65-90 years). The VMP group showed a higher complete response rate than the non-BTZ group: 26.8% vs. 7.2%. More patients in the VMP group achieved ${\geq}$very good partial response (VGPR) and ${\geq}PR$. In the VMP group, 27 patients (38.0%) received less than 4 cycles. The VMP good adherence group showed a higher 3-year overall survival (OS) rate (70.9%) than the poor adherence group (60.2%, p=0.059). In the multivariate analysis, treatment with ${\geq}4$ cycles of VMP was a favorable factor for OS. Conclusion: A good adherence to a frontline VMP regimen resulted in favorable long-term survival. Adequate management of AEs will be needed to achieve favorable outcomes in elderly patients with MM.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.131-161
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• 2017

The political dynamics of Malaysia in 2016 should be seen as a process of losing an political opportunity mainly due to the split in opposition parties. The opportunity for political development was triggered by the ruling party in crisis. The ongoing 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal involving the Prime Minister Najib Razak would have provided a favorable condition for the transfer of power. The opposition parties have however failed to utilize the chance that has arisen since the general elections in 2008 and 2013 due to the chronic problem of disunity. It can be seen as distortions of political development referring to a phenomenon in which a chance for regime change formed by the crisis in authoritarian regime is distorted by internal conflicts among opposition parties. Malaysia's political turmoil seemed to paralyze its economy while foreign policy was used as a tool for domestic politics. It was reported that the key economic indicator have worsen including exports and budget deficit. The ringgit had dropped to its lowest level since the economic crisis in 1997-98 which was mainly attributed to diminishing credibility on the Najib's administration. Najib's political struggle has also impeded Malaysia's foreign policy which has attempt to embrace China and the Rohingya issue. The chance to manage key risks would be diminished if oppositions' disunity continues as there is speculation that the general election could be held in 2017.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.155-179
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to analyze the satisfaction of graduate students participating in the Brain Korea21 (BK21) project in five supporting areas of the project: curriculum, job searching and career development, academic development, the globalization of education, and educational environment. A further objective was to find efficient methods of providing students with stable academic and financial support for their research in order to develop them as distinguished researchers. In order to answer research questions, this study conducted a survey of the BK21 project satisfaction with students majoring in humanities or social sciences and analyzed the survey results. The tool has 7 dimensions: 'curriculum', 'job searching and career development', 'stable support for academic development', 'support for academic activities out of school', 'globalization of education', 'lectures in English', and 'educational environment'. The survey found that survey participants were in general satisfied with the BK21 project. Of these 7 dimensions, the results showed remarkably high satisfaction dimensions for 'stable support for academic development' and 'support for academic activities out of school' while indicating a comparatively low satisfaction for 'job searching and career development'. The result and analysis of this study suggests that the BK21 project needs to emphasize the following: PR for the project, provide opportunities for the training for career development and job information to students, modify the areas of academic support, remodel programs of short- and long-term studies in foreign countries, improve the educational service system for lectures in English, and secure research facilities.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.146
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• pp.163-192
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• 2018

In the philosophy of Louis Labelle, the subject of "good and evil", which is rarely discussed in modern philosophy, emerges as a very important concept. In his reasoning, the notion of evil starts from a passive stipulation of the Scholastic philosophy of "the lack of being", but he defined the evil, which actually exists in the world with more positive sense as a willing force destroying "life and values". In his reasoning that defines "the presence of evil" as "le scandale du monde", all humans have the possibility of evil as an attitude of will, and the presence of evil in the world and in human society is inevitable. On the other hand, because the outcome of evil appears as physical and mental "pain", the human's attitude toward pain, which attempts to deny suffering, induces a moral will to overcome this evil. The moral anguish, which is the "internal suffering" that we have in front of the presence of evil, makes us conscious of becoming a "moral being", and people become self-satisfied here. Although painful, self-satisfaction and happiness about becoming a moral being is the only occasion and motive for man to overcome this by opposing the presence of evil. In other words, Lavelle's thoughts for good and evil are based on "moral psychologism", and the "coherence of psychological horizons and ethical horizons" between rejection of suffering and moral agony enables "ethical optimism" that man constantly overcomes evil and produces good. This is clearly an advanced modern application of scholasticism on the concept of evil.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.44
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• pp.465-485
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• 2013

Mit dem Patientenrechtegesetz, das im $Fr{\ddot{u}}jahr$ 2013 in Kraft treten soll, $f{\ddot{u}}rt$ der Gesetzgeber eine jahrzehntelange Diskussion um die Rechte von Patientinnen und Patienten zu einem guten Ende. Demnach geht es darum, Transparenz ${\ddot{u}}ber$ die bereits heute bestehenden, umfangreichen Rechte der Patientinnen und Patienten herzustellen, die $tats{\ddot{a}}chliche$ Durchsetzung dieser Rechte zu verbessern, zugleich Patientinnen und Patienten im Sinne einer verbesserten Gesundheitsversorgung zu $sch{\ddot{u}}tzen$ und insbesondere im Fall eines Behandlungsfehlers $st{\ddot{a}}rker$ zu $unterst{\ddot{u}}tzen$. In Verfolgung dieser Zwecke $schl{\ddot{a}}gt$ die Bundesregierung ein Artikelgesetz vor, dessen wesentliche Teile das BGB und das Recht der sozialen Krankenversicherung betreffen. In das BGB soll ein neuer Abschnitt ${\ddot{u}}ber$ den "Behandlungsvertrag" $eingef{\ddot{u}}gt$ werden. Als Standort ist der ${\ddot{U}}bergang$ vom Dienstin das Werkvertragsrecht vorgesehen, der um die neu zu schaffenden Vorschriften der ${\S}{\S}$ 630 a bis 630 h BGB erweitert wird. Die acht Paragrafen enthalten im Kern eine Kodifikation der von der Rechtsprechung entwickelten $Grunds{\ddot{a}}tze$ zur Arzthaftung. Der Beitrag stellt die bisherige politische Diskussion des Patientenrechtegesetzes vor (II). Im Anschluss daran wird die einzige wesentliche Neuerung des Gesetzes $n{\ddot{a}}her$ untersucht und werden Regelungsziel und Grundkonzept der Kodifikation einer $Pr{\ddot{u}}fung$ unterzogen (III). $Schlie{\ss}lich$ werden einen politischen Ausblick auf die neuen Herausforderungen und die Bewertung der $gegenw{\ddot{a}}rtigen$ Lage und der erwarteten Entwicklung gezogen (IV).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.284-295
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• 2019

Celebrities form a dominant culture of one era and are cultivating influence to lead new fashion. Domestic women celebrities attending Seoul Fashion Week build their image as a fashion leader by exposing their own fashion aesthetics to the public. This promotes PR and sales of the brand of fashion designers in the collection. This study considers the fashion trends of women celebrities by analyzing the fashion style of women celebrities in Seoul Collection over the recent five years. The results of this study on contents analysis are as follows. First, straight silhouettes, achromatic colors, and an absence of a pattern or decoration comprised a high proportion. Celebrities preferred a modern and minimal style. Second, they preferred a feminine style that shows traditional feminine beauty through slim and princess silhouettes, one-piece dress or skirts, soft materials, and decorations with ruffles. In addition, as a matching jacket on one-piece dresses also appeared, it showed that celebrities attempted to change the chic feminine style with masculine beauty. Third, boxy silhouettes, multi-color mixed with colorful colors, graphic or lettering patterns, glittering materials and lots of details comprised a high proportion. This means celebrities pursue a maximal style that reveals their strong presence as fashion leaders.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.421-427
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• 2015

Angelica gigas Nakai is one of the most widely used herbal medicines and is known to have many pharmaceutical effects including an anti-oxidant, anti-cancer etc. This study was carried out to investigate an effect of fertilization on leaf yield, production of dry-matter and accumulation of pyranocurmarine compounds such as decursin (DE) and decursinol angelate (DA) in Angelica gigas Nakai. Effect of fertilization was determined from response surface regression equation composing of 2 by 3 factorial arrangement of urea, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium chloride. Yield of leaf in Angelica gigas Nakai significantly increased until 100 days after transplanting. Production of leaf also tended to increase with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Model of regression equation showed that leaf production depended upon nitrogen ($Pr>{\mid}t{\mid}$ : 0.087, 0.256 and 0.079). Also, statistical results between nitrogen application level and production of dry-matter showed significant relationship (p<0.05) and contents of dry-matter was highest in 10 kg 10a-1 treatment on 24 Sep. Active compound isolated and purified from leaf and root of Angelica gigas Nakai was identified as DE and DA by gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Concentration of DA as prevalent compound in leaf was highest on 20 Aug. but decreased on 24 Sep. Amount of DE and DA accumulated in Angelica gigas Nakai significantly increased with growth stages and nitrogen level. The result of our investigation imply that nitrogen fertilization is important factor for production of leaf and accumulation of pyranocurmarine in Angelica gigas Nakai as a medicinal/food materials.