• 제목/요약/키워드: Powder rheology

검색결과 102건 처리시간 0.021초

WPC 및 WP 첨가가 두부 품질 및 저장성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Added WPC and WP on the Quality and Shelf Life of Tofu)

  • 김종운;송광영;서건호;윤여창
    • Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.93-109
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to investigate the effects of added whey protein concentrates (WPC) and whey powder (WP) on the quality and shelf life of Tofu, a traditional food in Korea. Combined whey powder and whey protein concentrates were obtained at drainage after the casein was separated by using rennet enzyme or acidification of milk. We manufactured whey Tofu and evaluated its nutritional quality by testing, the general composition for yield, moisture, pH, crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, rheology, sensory properties, and change during storage. 1. The general compositions of WPC and WP were as follows: (a) WPC: moisture, 5.9%; crude protein, 56.2%; crude fat, 0.1%; carbohydrate, 32.6%; ash, 5.2%; and pH 5.93 and (b) WP: moisture, 3.7%; crude protein, 13.2%; crude fat, 1.6%; carbohydrate, 74.4%; ash, 7.1%; and pH, 6.65. 2. The yield of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 and (b) in WP, 2% addition was the highest (265%) at $13.3g/cm^2$, but with 4% addition WP was the lowest (184%) at $22.2g/cm^2$. 3. The moisture content of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL = 6:4 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 and (b) in WP, 2% addition was the highest at 79.82% ($13.3g/cm^2$), but 4% was the lowest at 75.18% ($22.2g/cm^2$). 4. The pH of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the value was WPC 6% > WPC 4% > WPC 2% > control and $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 and (b) in WP, WP 4% > WP 2% > control. 5. The ash content of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 and (b) in WP, there was no difference between 2% and 4% addition. 6. The crude protein content of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 and (b) in WP, there was no difference between 2% and 4% addition. 7. The crude fat content of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 and (b) in WP, values decreased with increasing pressed weight. 8. The carbohydrate content of Tofu was as follows: (a) in WPC, the content was $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 > $CaCl_2$:GDL=9:1 and (b) in WP, values increased with increasing pressed weight. 9. The rheology test results of Tofu were as follows: (a) in WPC, hardness and brittleness was highest with $CaCl_2$:GDL=8:2 and 6% added WPC. Cohesiveness was highest with $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 and 2% added WPC. Elasticity was the highest with $CaCl_2$:GDL=7:3 and the added WPC control. (b) in WP, hardness was the highest with $22.2g/cm^2$ and added WP control. Cohesiveness was the highest with $17.8g/cm^2$ and added WP 2%. Elasticity was the highest with $17.8g/cm^2$ and added WP 4%. Brittleness was the highest with $17.8g/cm^2$ and added WP control. 10. The sensory test results of Tofu were as follows: (a) in WPC, the texture, flavor, color, and smell were the highest with $CaCl_2$:GDL=6:4 and 6% added WPC. (b) in WP, the texture was the highest in the control with $22.2g/cm^2$. Flavor and smell were the highest in WP 2% and $22.2g/cm^2$. Color was the highest in WP 2% and $17.8g/cm^2$. 11. The quality change of Tofu during storage was as follows: (a) in WPC, after 60 h, all samples began to get spoiled and their color changed, and mold began to germinate. (b) in WP, the result was similar, but the rate of spoilage was more rapid than that in the control.

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분산제 함량에 따른 전도성 카본블랙의 분산 특성 및 스크린 인쇄된 OTFTs용 소스-드레인 전극 물성 (Effect of Dispersant Contents on the Dispersity of Conductive Carbon-black and Properties of Screen-printed Source-drain Electrodes for OTFTs)

  • 이미영;배경은;김성현;임상철;남수용
    • 폴리머
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.397-406
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    • 2009
  • 유기 박막 트랜지스터 (OTFTs)의 소스-드레인 전극을 스크린 인쇄를 통해 제작하였고, 전극용 페이스트로써 전도성 카본블랙 페이스트를 사용하였다. 전도성 카본블랙 페이스트를 제조하기 위해 서로 다른 분자량 및 고분자 사슬 구조를 갖는 2종류의 분산제(DB-2150, DB-9077)를 사용하여 분산제 함량(SOF; solid on powder, 10-40%)에 따른 카본블랙 밀베이스의 분산 특성을 검토한 결과, 분산제 함량이 증가함에 따라 분산 특성이 더 우수해 짐을 알 수 있었다. 전도성 카본블랙 페이스트를 제조하여 레올로지 측정을 통해 카본블랙의 분산상태 및 응집구조에 대해 검토한 결과, 분산제로 DB-2150을 사용한 페이스트들은 분산제 함량이 증가함에 따라 페이스트의 분산 특성이 향상되어 저장 탄성률(G')이 감소하였지만, DB-9077을 사용한 페이스트들은 카본블랙 사이의 상호작용에 의해 망목구조가 존재하였고, 분산제 함량이 증가함에 따라 카본블랙과 분산제간 또는 분산제간의 상호작용에 의해 페이스트의 저장 탄성률(G')은 더욱 증가하였다. 이러한 응집구조는 페이스트의 내부 저항력 (tacky)을 발생시켜 DB-9077을 사용한 페이스트들은 분산제 함량이 증가함에 따라 스크린 인쇄 적성이 좋지 못하였다. 하지만, 스크린 인쇄된 OTFTs용 소스-드레인 전극의 전기적 특성은 카본블랙 사이에 형성된 망목구조에 의해 카본블랙의 도전 경로(conduction Path)가 형성됨에 따라 DB-2150을 사용한 페이스트들의 OTFTs에 비해 더 우수하였다. 그러나, 2종류의 분산제를 사용한 페이스트 모두, 분산제의 함량이 증가함에 따라 카본블랙 표면을 감싸는 분산제 함량 또한 증가하게 되어 이로 인해 카본블랙간의 도전 경로 형성은 어렵게 되고 전극의 특성은 점점 열화되었다.