• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.486-489
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• 2011

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate was found to be an efficient catalyst for the Pechmann condensation of phenols with ethyl acetoacetate, leading to the formation of coumarins under microwave-irradiation and solvent-free condition. This procedure offers several advantages, including the low loading of catalysts, high yields, clean reactions, short reaction time for the synthesis of coumarins.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-7
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• 1983

Three levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium were applied to tobacco for the establishment of the optimum rate of the fertilizers for yield and quality. 1 . The rate increment of nitrogen and potassium increased tobacco growth, but phosphate were non - significant between rate. 2. The contents of total-nitrogen and total-alkaloid in the leaf were increased, with the increase of nitrogen rate while the effect of phosphate and potassium were negligible. 3. The yield and quality of the tobacco were increased with the increasing rate of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer but phosphate should little difference.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sphingosine-1-phosphate on the neuronal activity of rat medial vestibular nuclear neurons. Sprague-Dawley rats aged 14 to 16 days were decapitated under ether anesthesia. After treatment with pronase and thermolysin, the dissociated medial vestibular nuclear neurons were transferred into a chamber on an inverted microscope. Spontaneous action potentials and potassium currents were recorded by standard patch-clamp techniques under current and voltage-clamp modes respectively. 15 medial vestibular nuclear neurons revealed excitatory responses to 1 and $5\;{\mu}M$ of sphingosine-1-phosphate. The spike frequency and resting membrane potential of these cells were increased by sphingosine-1-phosphate. The amplitude of afterhyperpolarization was decreased by sphingosine-1-phosphate. Whole potassium currents of medial vestibular nuclear neurons were decreased by sphingosine-1-phosphate (n=12). Sphingosine-1-phosphate did not affect the charybdotoxin-treated potassium currents. These experimental results suggest that sphingosine-1-phosphate increases the neuronal activity of the medial vestibular nuclear neurons by altering the resting membrane potential and afterhyperpolarization.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

This study was performed to determine the optimum concentration of potassium for the foliar application, and its application stage to increase the production of marketable sized tomato. For this purpose, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 percent of potassium phosphate $(KH_2PO_4)$ were applied in the leaves of tomatoes by the stage of flowering, fruit setting and fruit development. The control plants were applied with distilled water. The results showed that foliar application with 0.5 percent of potassium phosphate increased the proportion of medium sized fruit of the products by 29.5 percent compared to the controlled plants, which is highest in the treatments. The foliar application of 0.5 percent of potassium phosphate at the fruit setting stage increased the yield of marketable sized fruit by 5.9 percent compared to the controlled plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.371-375
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• 2006

To investigate effects on the growth and ginsenosides accumulation in ginseng hairy root, potassium phosphate was supplemented with 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mM concentration in 1/2 MS medium, respectively. Potassium phosphate supplement was increased the biomass and ginsenosides accumulation when it was dose at the concentration of 1.25 mM. And the growth rate of hairy root in the light condition was higher than in dark condition. The highest contents and productivity of ginsenosides were observed at the supplement of 1.25 mM potassium phosphate at the 7th day after the culture onset. Ginseng hairy root cultured in 20 L bioreactor supplemented with 1.25 mM KH$_2$PO$_4$ was increased the growth with 1,609 g (F${\cdot}$W) and ginsenosides content with 11.09 mg than those in control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2022

In order to investigate changes in rice yield and quality according to phosphate and potassium fertilization levels when nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 7 kg·10a^-1, a field experiment was conducted at National Institute of Crop Science of Korea in 2021. Three Korean rice varieties were grown in paddy fields, and phosphate and potassium fertilizer were treated at three levels(N-P-K 7-4.5-5.7 kg·10a^-1, 7-3-3 kg·10a^-1, 7-0-0 kg·10a^-1). When phosphate and potassium fertilizers were not treated, the yield of Ilpum and Chilbo was significantly reduced, and there was no significant difference in Hopyung. The head rice ratio was significantly lower in the untreated plot of Hopyung and Chilbo, but there was no significant difference in the Ilpum. Protein content was significantly decreased in the untreated plot of Chilbo, and there was no significant difference in other varieties. As a result of this study, it was confirmed that yield, head rice ratio, and protein content were lowered when phosphate and potassium fertilizers were not treated, and the degree of decrease was different depending on the variety.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.544-548
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• 1997

Effects of four kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity(W.H.C) and protein solubility of yellow-corvenia(Pseudosciance manchurica) and hair tail(Trichurus lepturns) meat paste were investigated. The formulations of four kinds of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphates such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyro-phosphate, sodium acid pyro-phosphate, potassium pyro-phosphate, sodium tetra meta-phosphate, sodium ultra meta-phosphate and sodium hexa meta-phosphate, and monoglyceride at different mixture ratios. Among the four kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 50%, sodium pyro-phosphate 20%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 20%, sodium acid pyrophosphate 5% and sodium ultra meta-phosphate 5% was most effective on enhancing the W.H.C and protein solubility of yellow corvenia meat paste, and in case of hair tail meat paste, phosphate C complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 40%, sodium pyro-phosphate 30%, potassium pyro-phosphate 15%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 10%, and sodium hexa meta-phosphate 5% was more effective than other phosphate complex, and their optimum addition level was 0.4% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness value of Kamaboko(fish meat paste product) were evaluated as best when 0.3% of phosphate B complex was added. The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 45 minutes at 85$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.343-348
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• 2016

A chemical sequencing batch reactor was operated to test the feasibility of nutrient recovery from a biological livestock wastewater treatment plant. Both phosphate and ammonia could be successfully recovered as magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystals. The contents of TP and TN in the recovered MAP crystals were 26.2% and 4.0%, respectively. Zn, Cr and Ti were identified in the crystals, but the contents remained below the Korean standard for an organic fertilizer. Chemical analyses confirmed that the MAP crystals could be useful phosphate fertilizers. On the other hand, the results of physical analyses using an X-ray diffractometer and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer strongly suggested that crystalline materials like magnesium potassium phosphate (KMP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) were also formed during the MAP crystallization, depending on the availability of K⁺ and Ca²⁺.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-257
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• 1985

Effects of four kinds of phosphate complex on the water holding capacity (W.H.C) and protein solubility of yellow-corvenia (Pseudosciance manchurica) and hair tail (Tichurus lepturus) meat paste were investigated. The formulations of four kinds of phosphate complex employed to this experiment were made by mixing several phosphates such as sodium polyphosphate, sodium pyro-phosphate, sodium acid pyro-phosphate, potassium pyro-phosphate, sodium tetra meta-phosphate, sodium ultra meta-phosphate and sodium hexa meta-phosphate, and monoglyceride at different mixture ratios. Among the four kinds of phosphate complex, phosphate B complex which was formulated by mixing sodium poly-phosphate 50%, sodium pyrophosphate 20%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 20%, sodium acid pyrophosphate 5% and sodium ultra meta-phosphate 5% was most effective on enhancing the W.H.C and protein solubility of yellow corvenia meat paste, and in case of hair tail meat paste, phosphate C complex which was formulated by mining sodium poly-phosphate 40%, sodium pyro-phosphate 30%, potassium pyro-phosphate 15%, sodium tetra meta-phosphate 10%, and sodium hexa meta-phosphate 5% was more effective than other phosphate complex, and their optimum addition level was 0.4% respectively in weight of fish meat paste. Texture characteristics such as hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness value of Kamaboko (fish meat paste product) were evaluated as best when 0.3% of phosphate B complex was added. The optimum cooking condition of Kamaboko to get good texture was heating for 45 mimutes at $85^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.98-99
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• 2015

In the study, based on analysing bond strength of MPC and existing rapid harding grout according to shape of cross section, early ages shape of cross section is investigated about effect on bond strength to use MPC as an emergency repair material for road defects such as the form of a pot-hole. The result, MPC is about 10% higher than the shear bond strength rapid harding grout, about 20% higher bending bond strength.