• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship of dietary factors to blood pressure in 5th and 6th grade school children. Salt threshold, salt preference and nutrition knowlege about blood pressure were tested. Twenty-four hour urines were collected for the measurements of the volume and concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and urea nitrogen. 1) Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of elementary school children were 106.8/67.6mmHg in males and 108.7/69.5mmHg in females. Seven children(4%) of total subjects were found to be hypertensive. Their mean blood pressure was 130.0/86.4mmHg. 2) Urinary excretions of creatinine and urea nitrogen during twenty-four hours were 621.1mg and 1524mg, respectively. The mean daily urinary sodium excretion was 2940mg, which is equivalent to 7.37g NaCl. 3) The daily urinary excretions of other minerals were as follows; potassium was 1301mg, chloride, 4991mg, calcium, 55.7mg and phosphorus, 700.03mg. 4) Salt preference of hypertensive children90.473$\pm$0.275) was significantly higher than those of normotensive children(0.473$\pm$0.213%), but salt threshold was lower in hypertensives(0.105$\pm$0.04%) than normotensives(0.081$\pm$0.022%) (p<0.05). INdices for assessing obesity, such as body weight, triceps skinfold, weight for heigth and body surface area, were high in hypertensive children than normotensive children(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in energy and nutrient intakes between two groups. 5) Various anthropometric measurements had positive correlations with blood pressure, but body muscle mass(%) had a negative correlation with blood pressure. And daily energy and nutrient intakes were not related to blood pressure. 6) Blood pressures-both systolic and diastolic-were significantly correlated with urinary excretions of potassium and chloride. Daily sodium excretion was related to systolic blood pressure, but no related to diastolci blood pressure. There was no relationship of salt threshold to salt preference, and neither threshold nor preference was related to blood pressure. Results of this study suggest that nutrition education program for children including the information about desirable food habits for the prevention of hypertension should be developed.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-276
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• 1998

양파의 연작재배시(連作栽培時) 질소비종(窒素肥種)(요소, 유안)과 가리비종(加里肥種)(염화가리, 황산가리), 그리고 토양개량제(土壤改良劑)(석회)시용시 양분흡수량(養分吸收量)과 생육 그리고 수량성을 검토하고자 전남 무안군의 용계통(龍溪統)에서 천주황을 공시품종으로 하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 식물체중(植物體中) N P K 흡수량(及收量)은 요소 및 염화가리시용구보다 토양진단시비(土壤診斷施肥)에 의해 유안과 황산가리 혼합시용(混合施用)으로 흡수량이 높았다. 토양중(土壤中) 황함량(黃含量)은 수확기(收穫期)보다는 생육중기(生育中期)에, 식물체중(植物體中) 황함량(黃含量)은 수확기(收穫期)에 가장 높았으며 구중(球中)보다는 경엽(莖葉)에서 높았다. 양파구중(球中) 당도(糖度)는 7.43~8.23 Brix로 차이가 있었으며 구(球)의 크기별로는 소구(小球)보다는 대구(大球)에서 높았다. 토양진단시비(土壤診斷施肥)에 의한 유안과 황산가리 혼용시용(混用施用)으로 건물중(乾物重)의 증가 및 구(球)의 상품율(上品率)이 높아 관행에 비해 2~6% 증수되었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.190-198
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• 1983

경엽처리(莖葉處理) 제초제(除草劑)의 살포방법(撒布方法) 개선(改善)과 첨가제(添加劑)의 혼합처리(混合處理)에 의한 제초제(除草劑)의 살초효과(殺草效果)를 증대(增大)시킬 수 있는 방안(方案)을 모색(摸索)하고자 Glyphosate의 살포(撒布)를 수준(水準), 계면활성제(界面活性劑)의 효과(效果), Glyphosate와 황산암모늄 및 염화칼리의 첨가처리(添加處理)에 의한 Glyphosate의 살초력(殺草力) 상승효과(相乘效果)를 조사하였다. 1. 물량 40 l/10a와 80 l/10a 에 Glyphosate를 희석하여 살포(撒布)할 때는 120 l/10a 기준의 살포량(撒布量)에 비하여 살초효과(殺草效果)는 현저하게 증가(增加)되었다. 2. 계면활성제(界面活性劑)의 첨가(添加)에 따라 Glyphosate의 바랭이에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)는 현저히 증가(增加)되었고 특히 Glyphosate 30.5g/10a에서 그 경향(傾向)이 더욱 현저하게 나타났다. 3. 황산암모늄 1, 5%를 Glyphosate 30.5g/10a와 61.0g/10a에 첨가처리(添加處理)하면 쑥에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)는 현저히 증가(增加)되었으나 환산암모늄 10%를 첨가(添加)하면 오히려 길항적(拮抗的)으로 작용하여 살초효과(殺草效果)는 매우 불량(不良)하였으며 Glyphosate 122g/10a에서는 황산암모늄의 살초작용(殺草作用) 증진효과(增進效果)는 적었다. 4. 염화칼리 1, 2, 3%를 Glyphosate 30.5g/10a와 61.0g/10 a에 첨가처리(添加處理)하므로써 쑥에 대한 살초효과(殺草效果)는 크게 증가(增加)되었으나 Glyphosate 122g/10a에서는 염화칼리의 첨가여부(添加如否)에 관계없이 95% 이상 방제되었다. 5. 따라서 분무기(噴霧機)의 개발(開發)을 전제(前提)로 살포량(撒布量)을 80 l/10a 이하로 줄이고 계면활성제(界面活性劑)를 처리하며 황산암모늄 혹은 염화칼리를 Glyphosate에 첨가(添加)하므로써 제초제(除草劑)의 처리약량(處理藥量)을 줄이면서 제초효과(除草效果)를 증대(增大)시킬 수 있는 방법(方法)은 과수원(果樹園)이나 비농경지(非農耕地)에서 Glyphosate를 비롯한 경엽처리(莖葉處理) 제초제(除草劑)를 사용(使用)할 때 응용(應用)될 수 있을 것으로 사료(思料)된다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.330-342
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• 2017

Statistical design of experiments was employed to optimize the media composition for the production of laccase from Bacillus sp. PK4. In order to find the key ingredients for the best yield of enzyme production from the selected eleven variables viz yeast extract, glucose, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, potassium chloride, magnesium sulphate, calcium chloride, ferrous sulphate, sodium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate ($KH_2PO_4$) and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate ($K_2HPO_4$), Plackett-Burman design was applied. The $MgSO_4$, $FeSO_4$, and $CuSO_4$ showed positive estimate, and their concentration optimized further. The steepest ascent method and Box-Behnken method revealed that 1.5 mM $MgSO_4$, 0.33 g/l $FeSO_4$ and 1.41 mM $CuSO_4$ were optimal for the laccase production by Bacillus sp. PK4. This optimization strategy leads to enhancement of laccase production from 2.13 U/ml to 40.79 U/ml. Agro-wastes residues replace the carbon source glucose in the optimized media namely sugarcane bagasse, wheat bran, rice husk, and groundnut shell, among these groundnut shells (117 U/ml) was found to enhance the laccase production significantly. The laccase produced by Bacillus sp. PK4 was found to have the potential to degrade persistent organic pollutant benzo[a]pyrene.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.45-63
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• 1994

128 freshly extracted human molars were used to study the interaction between dentinal smear layer removal with various agents, and the shear bond strength of a light cured glass ionomer cement to dentin. It was proposed that the removal of smear layers using acidic cleaners followed by incorporation of Fe mordant with dentin could enhanced the infiltration of monomer component in light curing glass ionomer cement and resulted in a high bond strength. For the first treatment process for removal of smear layers on the surfaces of dentin, 50 % citric acid, 10% maleic acid and 10 % phosphoric acid were used, and for the second treatment process, 15% ferric chloride, 6.8% ferric oxalate or 30% potassium oxalate were used. Distilled water was used as a control. After double sequential treatment on dentin, a light curing glass ionomer cement was bonded to dentin. After being immersed in water at 31'C for 24 hours, shear bond strengths were measured Instron testing machine(Model No.4202, USA). Surface changes were also observed using SEM (Hitachi, S-2300, Japan) after treatment process with each agents. The following conclusions were drawn : 1. Dentin surface cleaned with maleic acid and treated with ferric oxalate showed the highest bond strength with light curing glass ionomer cement. 2. Bond strengths of glass ionomer cement to dentin treated with maleic acid or citric acid were the highest, and that treated with phosphoric acid showed the lowest. 3. The effect of ferric oxalate on shear bond strength to dentin was always higher than that of ferric chloride. 4. The smear layers were clearly removed and the orifices of dentinal tubules were opened widely by the citric acid, maleic acid and phosphoric acid. 5. The orifices of dentinal tubules opened after using the first solution were closed with the treatment of ferric chloride. 6. The precipitate like crystals were formed on dentin surfaces and tubules, but a significant decrease in bond strength of glass ionomer cement to dentin surface treated with potassium oxalate.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1990

셀레늄이 수은, 카드뮴 및 크롬의 세포독성에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 이들 중금속을 $0.3{mu}M$에서 $10{mu}M$까지 6개 농도로 각각 희석하여 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄과 함께 혈액 배양에 첨가하고, 48시간 경과후 fluorescence-plus-Giemsa 염색에 의해 2차분열 중기의 염색체에서 자매염색분체교환(SCE)현상을 관찰하여, 셀레늄을 첨가하지 않았을 때의 결과와 비교하였다. 셀레늄을 다른 중금속들의 경우와 동일한 농도로 단독 첨가한 경우 SCE빈도는 $5.9{\pm}2.64$회에서 $12.3{\pm}3.99$회의 범위로 변하였고, 수은은 $6.5{\pm}2.70$회에서 $15.7{\pm}2.75$회, 카드뮴은 $6.7{\pm}2.65$회에서 $11.2{\pm}4.13$회, 크롬은 $7.0{\pm}2.58$회에서 $14.9{\pm}6.43$회의 범위로 농도증가에 비례하여 SCE빈도가 상승하였으며, 이때 세포분열지수는 공히 농도증가에 반비례하여 고농도군에서는 현저히 낮았다. 중금속들과 $1.2{mu}M$의 셀레늄을 동시에 첨가시킨 조건에서는 수은의 경우, 셀레늄과 수은의 몰(mol)농도비가 1:1, 1:2, 1:4의 조건에서, 카드뮴의 경우 1:2 및 1:4의 조건에서 SCE빈도의 현저한 감소를 나타냈으나 크롬의 경우는 셀레늄의 첨가와 무관하였으며, 세포분열지수는 전반적으로 셀레늄의 첨가에 별다른 영향을 받지 않았다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2009

본 실험은 국내육성 딸기 품종인 '매향' 및 '설향'의 관비재배 시 질소와 칼리의 비종이 생육, 수량 및 과실의 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 식물체 생육 중 생체중 및 건물중은 두 품종 공히 요소 + 황산가리 혹은 유안(황산암모늄) + 황산가리 처리에서 높았으며 기타 초장, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭, 관부직경 등은 처리 간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 딸기의 수량 역시 생육과 같은 경향으로 특히 '설향'에서 요소 + 황산가리와 유안 + 황산가리 처리에서 수량이 높았다. '매향'에서도 같은 경향이었으나 처리 간에 유의성 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 과실의 품질을 나타내는 당도, 경도 비타민C 등은 처리 간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 시험 종료 후 토양분석을 한 결과 토양의 EC는 요소 처리구에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 반대로 유안 처리에서는 크게 높아졌는데 이는 금후 시험에서 식물체에 염류농도 장해를 일으킬만한 수준이었다. 따라서 딸기 관비재배 시 생육, 수량, 토양 EC 농도, 비료의 용해도 등을 고려하였을 시 질소질 비료로는 요소가 칼리질 비료로는 황산가리가 적합한 것으로 추천되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권11호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2008

Every concrete structure should continue to perform its intended functions such as to maintain the required strength and durability during its lifetime. Deterioration of the concrete structure, however, occurs more progressively from the outside of the concrete exposed to severe conditions. Main deteriorations in concrete structures result from carbonation, chloride ion attack and frost attack. Concrete can therefore be more durable by applying surface protection to increase its durability using impregnants, which are normally classified into two large groups in polymeric and silicate materials. Concrete impregnants are composed of silanes and alkali silicates (sodium, potassium and lithium silicate). Thus, this study is concerned with elevating the carbonation and Cl- penetration resistance of concrete structures by applying alkali silicate hydrophilic impregnants including lithium and potassium silicates. From the experimental test results, lithium and potassium silicates produced a good improvement in carbonation resistance and are expected to be used as hydrophilic impregnants of concrete structures.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제68권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2024

This paper presents the solid-state synthesis of insoluble Prussian blue (Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃·xH₂O, PB) in a ball mill, utilizing the fundamental components of PB. Solid-state synthesis offers several advantages, such as being solvent-free, quantitative, and easily scalable for industrial production. Traditionally, the solid-state synthesis of PB has been limited to the reaction between iron(II/III) ions and hexacyanoferrate(II/III) complex ions, essentially an extension of the solution-based coprecipitation method to solid-state reaction. Taking a bottom-up approach, a reaction is designed where the reactants consist of the basic building blocks of PB: Fe²⁺ ions and CN^- ions. The reaction, with a molar ratio of Fe²⁺ and CN^- corresponding to 1:2.8, yields PB, while a ratio of 1:6.6 results in a mixture of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) (K₄Fe(CN)₆), potassium chloride (KCl), and potassium cyanide (KCN). This synthetic approach holds promise for environmentally friendly methods to synthesize multimetallic PB with maximum entropy in nearly quantitative yield.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2000

Silk fabrics were dyed by Cochineal extracts after mordanted with various mordants and their properties of dyeing, fastness and change of surface color were investigated. Silk fabrics were mordanted with aluminum potassium sulfate, copper acetate, tin chloride, iron sulfate or chromium potassium sulfate at $60^\circ{C}$ for 30 minutes and subsequently dyed at $60^\circ{C}$ for 60 minutes unless mentioned otherwise. The dye-uptake of silk fabrics increased with the concentration of Cochineal extracts and mordants used. Maximum dye-uptake was obtained at pH 3.5-4, regardless of the type of mordants used. Surface color of silk fabrics changed from red purple to purple when mordanted with Al or Cu mordant, from purple to purple blue with Fe mordant and showed red purple with Sn or Cr mordant, respectively. It also changed according to pH of dyeing bath. Dyed silk fabrics showed poor light fastness but good dry-cleaning, perspiration and rubbing fastness.