• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of diminished plantar sensation in Y-balance test between chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients versus Healthy individuals. Method: A total of 90 subjects and CAI group (N=45) (age: $24.49{\pm}2.52yrs$, height: $173.53{\pm}8.20cm$, weight: $69.62{\pm}12.92kg$) and healthy group (N=45) (age: $24.85{\pm}2.70yrs$, height: $170.27{\pm}7.70cm$, weight: $66.04{\pm}11.60kg$) participated in this study. Participants were tested on the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) reach directions of the Y-Balance Test before and after a 10-minute of plantar cutaneous sensation application using ice ($2^{\circ}C$). Normalized reach distances were measured 3 times each direction. Results: We observed a decrease in reach-distance scores for the reach directions after diminished plantar cutaneous sensation in all reach directions (p<.01). Also, we observed a decrease in reach-distance scores for the PL, and PM reach directions between groups (p<.05). Conclusion: Our results indicated that dynamic postural control was adversely affected immediately after diminished plantar cutaneous sensation between CAI group and healthy group. Future research may suggest that determine the studies involving more realistic dynamic movement, such as walking or running, landing.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Objective: Joint mobilization for arthrokinematics altered by the positional fault of chronic ankle instability (CAI) is an effective intervention for stabilization. In this study, we compared the effects of ankle dorsi flexion range of motion (DFROM) and dynamic balance ability (DBA) in CAI patients via passive joint mobilization (PJM), a method traditionally performed in previous studies, and active joint mobilization (AJM), a method that can have a greater effect on cortical excitability with spontaneous movements. Design: Single-blind two-arm randomized controlled trial Methods: A total of 30 participants were registered: 15 each to the PJM and AJM groups. Each participant received a total of 10 intervention sessions, 10 minutes per session, 5 times a week for 2 weeks. PJM used Maitland's mobilization method to apply joint mobilization with talus in the posterior direction and AJM used an angular joint motion to induce patient's voluntary motion of medial malleolus anterior gliding and lateral malleolus posterior gliding, respectively. DFROM of the ankle was measured by using tape and DBA was evaluated by using the balance system. Results: Significant improvement was observed after intervention in both the PJM and AJM groups except for the DBA-anterior and DBA-right variables of the PJM group. There were statistically significant differences between the AJM and PJM groups in the DFROM, DBA-anterior, DBA-posterior, and DBA-right variables. Conclusions: The overall improvement of DFROM and DBA was found to be more effective in joint mobilization including voluntary movement. When it is accompanied by voluntary movement, it further affects the neuromuscular system of the ankle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.110-113
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• 2002

가상환경시스템은 매우 현실감 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 산업, 의료, 교육훈련 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 아직 많은 가상환경 시스템에서 부정적 요인으로 멀미나 시각피로로 대표되는 cybersickness 증세를 수반하고 있어 그 사용과 확산에 제약이 되고 있다. 한편 cybersickness 의 한 현상으로 볼 수 있는 신체동요도 이에 대한 객관적 지표로서의 가능성이 연구되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서도 가상환경시스템을 피실험자들에게 체험하게 하고 체험 전후의 신체동요으 변화를 측정평가 하였다. 측정 결과 가상환경 체험 후 약간의 신체 동요의 경향이 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의할만한 정도의 차이는 보이지 못했다. 특히 본 연구에서 신체동요의 변인으로 가정했던 Motion의 유무와 Feedback 의 유무에 대한 영향 분석 결과에서도 좌우 방향에 대한 Motion 유무만 차이를 보였을 뿐이었다. 신체동요는 비교적 간단히 객관적으로 cybersickness의 일면을 평가할 수 있는 지표로 후속 연구가 계속 요청되고 있다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

Parkinson's disease is a complex neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in a variety of motor and non-motor symptoms. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of Parkinson's disease, including classification of Parkinson's disease, impairment due to impairment, how disability is assessed, and how it is treated. Major symptoms of Parkinson's disease include tremors, stiffness, bradykinesia, and postural instability, and treatment methods include rehabilitation through drugs, surgical procedures, physical therapy, and occupational therapy. Early diagnosis, individualized treatment interventions, and comprehensive treatment involving a multidisciplinary medical team will be essential to manage Parkinson's disease and improve patients' quality of life. In conclusion, this study will provide comprehensive information on the complex nature of Parkinson's disease and serve as a useful guide for healthcare providers designing treatment plans for Parkinson's patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.334-339
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to compare the ability to control postural sway during perturbation when stroke patients received postural sway induced by head rotation. Methods: This study included 15 stroke patients and 15 healthy adults. Each group was measured by 3D motion analysis for determination of the angle of the neck in static position and by balance performance monitor for estimation of swaying angle in both neutral posture and head rotation position. These results were then analyzed in order to compare the healthy control group and the stroke patients group. Results: In both static posture ($60.7{\pm}4.81$) and dynamic posture ($51.46{\pm}6.87$, $70.8{\pm}6.55$), significant decreases were observed in the angle of head rotation of the patient group, compared to the healthy group (p<0.05), and significant decreases were observed in the sway angle of the patient group when in the neutral position ($3.62{\pm}7$, $24{\pm}0.60$) and head rotation ($3.04{\pm}0.80$, $51.46{\pm}6.87$), compared to the healthy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to these findings, patients with stroke tend to restrict the ROM of head rotation and swaying angle in dynamic posture and maintain their posture instability using limitation of head movement relative to the trunk and sway angle of area which is larger than that of affected side in unaffected side.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.774-790
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• 2023

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatments in two patients with Parkinson's disease complaining of discomfort stemming from postural instability and gait disturbance (PIGD). Methods: Two patients were treated for 3 months. They visited the clinic once a week for the first month and thereafter once every 2 weeks. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and a three-dimensional gait analysis were performed at the first visit and at 1, 2, and 3 months thereafter. Results: In Case 1, gait speed, stride length, and swing phase increased. Double support decreased until 2 months after treatment but increased slightly after 3 months. Among the kinematic parameters, tilt and rotation increased. The total UPDRS Part III score decreased from 51 points to 29 points after 3 months of treatment. In Case 2, gait speed, stride length, and swing phase increased, but double support decreased. Among the kinematic parameters, tilt, rotation, and obliquity decreased. The total UPDRS Part III score decreased from 11 points to 7 points after 3 months of treatment. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine can be an effective treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease who experience discomfort due to PIGD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study were to determine an intervention that involves proprioceptive exercises combined with cognitive task completion for adults with chronic ankle instability and to investigate the effects of the exercises on the static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle function of such individuals. METHODS: A total of 30 adults suffering from the aforementioned condition were randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The experimental group performed proprioceptive exercises in combination with cognitive tasks for 15 minutes in each session that was held three times a week for four 4 weeks, whereas the control group carried out only proprioceptive exercises. A Wii Balance Board, which enables examining the fluctuation area distance, and speed, was used to determine static balance; a Y-balance test kit was employed to measure dynamic balance; and the side hop, figure-of-8 hop, and square hop tests were conducted to ascertain ankle function. RESULTS: The results showed that the static balance, dynamic balance, and ankle function of both the experimental and control groups significantly improved. The participants were instructed to perform one-leg postural exercises with and without vision blocking for the affected leg. The experimental group showed more significant improvement than did the controls in terms of the fluctuation distance, speed, and area of static balance. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, although combined proprioceptive exercises and cognitive tasks were insufficient to enhance all types of balance among the subjects, it effectively reinforced their static balance.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 1988

The present study has been undertaken to assess the electrical activity of right tibialis anterior, right gastrocnemius, right rectus femoris, right biceps femoris and right paralumbarvertebral muscles quantitatively by EMC while standing erect on the height of 0cm, 3cm, 5cm and 7cm heels. The inclinations of the heels were 0, 6, 11, 17 degrees, respectively. Foully young women ranging from 18 to 24 of age were examined. Electrical activity of various muscles while standing erect on the height of various heels were compared with that of 0cm heel. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Electrical activity of the tibialis anterior increased significantly as the height of heels became higher ; which was thought to be due to the effort to counteract the instability standing with high heels. 2. There was a significant increase in electrical activity of the gastrocnemius as the height of heels increased. It might be due to compensatory activity against shifting of the center of gravity forward. 3. There was a significant increase .in electrical activity of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris at the height of 3cm, 5cm and 7cm heels ; which seemed to be due to the effort to stabilize the knee joint. 4. Electrical activity of the paralumbarvertebral muscles increased significantly at the height of 5cm and 7cm heels ; which was considered to be due to the effort to prevent forward imbalance. From These results, it may be concluded that electrical activities of various postural muscles increase significantly while standing erect on the height of 3cm, 5cm and 7cm heels to counteract an instability of their posture and compensate the forward shifting tendency of the center of gravity.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.206-210
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• 2004

This paper proposes a new training system for equilibrium sense using unstable platform. This training system for equilibrium sense consists of an unstable platform, a computer interface circuit and software program. Postural instability changes the weighting of different types of sensory information and the state of the equilibrium maintenance system. In order to improve the equilibrium sense, we developed software program such as a block game, sine curve training (SCT) and pingpong game using Visual C++. Using this system and training programs, we performed an experiment to train the equilibrium sense of a subject. To evaluate the effects of balance training, the time maintained on the target and the moving time to the target are measured. As a result, the moving time to the target and time to maintain cursor on the target improved through repeating equilibrium sense training. It was concluded that this system was reliable in the evaluation of equilibrium sense. We expect that this system might be applied to clinical use as an effective balance training system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was carried out to review the correlation between foot shape(supination foot, pronation foot) and low back pain, hip abduction muscle and ankle lateral sprain. Methods : By using internet, we research the PubMed, Science Direct, KISS, DBpia We selected the article between 1990 and 2007. Key words were supination foot, pronation foot, balance. Results : Normal control balance of human body needs a optimal anatomical alignment and function of musculoskeletal and central nerve system that control continuously to integrate. Especially ankle and foot complex play an important role in postural control because it is located distal part in human body. Supination foot brings to chronic ankle sprain or chronic ankle instability and range of motion limitation due to the weakness of lateral ankle muscle. Pronation foot brings to knee injury because of lower leg internal rotation force. Conclusion : Excessive supination and pronation foot happen to muscle imbalance. Especially weakness of hip abduction or injury of ankle lateral muscle or low back pain are due to abnormal balance and anatomical alignment.