• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2017

Background: Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have impaired postural control, but critically require the control of stability. Consequently, therapeutic interventions for enhancing postural control in children with CP have undergone extensive research. One intervention is sensorimotor training (SMT) using a Flexi-bar, but this has not previously been studied with respect to targeting trunk control in children with CP. Objects: This study was conducted to determine the effect of SMT using a Flexi-bar on postural balance and gait performance in children with CP. Methods: Three children with ambulatory spastic diplegia (SD) participated in the SMT program by using a Flexi-bar for forty minutes per day, three times a week, for six weeks. Outcome variables included the pediatric balance scale (PBS), trunk control movement scale (TCMS), 10 meter walking test (10MWT), and 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. Results: The SMT provided no statistically significant improvement in PBS, TCMS, 10MWT, or 3-dimensional movement coordination measurement. However, positive changes were observed in individual outcomes, as balance and trunk control movement were improved. Conclusion: SMT using a Flexi-bar may be considered by clinicians as a potential intervention for increasing postural balance and performance in children with SD. Future studies are necessary to confirm the efficacy of Flexi-bar exercise in improving the functional activity of subjects with SD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the application of whole body vibration training (WBV) on the balance ability of patients with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) type C or D spinal cord injury. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twelve patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomized to an experimental group (n=6) or control group (n=6). The subjects in the experimental group received WBV exercise and the control group received the sham exercise without vibration. The vibrations were adjusted vertically to the patient at a 30 Hz frequency and 3 mm amplitude. The whole body vibration lasted for 16 minutes in total including 5-minutes warm-up and cool-down at the beginning and end of the program, respectively. The static sitting balance ability was assessed by measuring the postural sway while sitting on the force plate with the eyes opened or closed. Postural sway length was measured for 30 seconds with a self-selected comfortable position. Results: In the static balance test, the anterio-posterior, medio-lateral, and total postural sway length with the eyes open and closed was improved significantly before and after the intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significantly more improvement than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that WBV training has a positive effect on improving static sitting balance and enhanced control of postural sway in patients with an ASIA-C or D type spinal cord injury.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 기능적 전기 자극을 이용한 생체되먹임 융합 자세조절 훈련을 중재하여 급성기 뇌졸중 환자들의 다리 근활성도와 균형 능력에 미치는 효과에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 뇌졸중 환자는 기능적 전기 자극을 이용한 생체 되먹임 융합 자세조절 실험군 15명과 일반적인 생체되먹임 융합 자세조절 대조군 15명으로 나누어 8주간 주 5회, 30분간 시행하였고, 다리 근활성도를 평가하기 위해 근전도를 이용하여 가쪽넓은근, 안쪽넓은근, 넙다리곧은근, 넙다리두갈래근를 측정하였다. 균형 능력을 측정하기 위해 Biorecue를 이용하여 균형 능력을 측정하였다. 다리 근활성도 비교에서는 가쪽넓은근, 안쪽넓은근, 넙다리곧은근, 넙다리두갈래근에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였고, 균형 능력 비교에서는 신체 중심 이동면적, 총 궤적 길이, 안정선한계에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이에 따라 기능적 전지 자극을 이용한 생체되먹임 자세조절 훈련이 일반적인 생체되먹임 자세조절 훈련 보다 다리 근활성도와 균형 능력을 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.351-367
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identity effects of virtual reality(VR) program related to standing postural control on balance, gait and brain activation patterns in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. Subjects were assigned randomly to either VR group (n=12) or the control group (n=12) when the study began. Both groups received conventional physical therapy for 2 to 3 times per week. In addition to conventional physical therapies, VR group trained 3 types of virtual reality programs using IREX for standing postural control during 4 weeks (4 times/week, 30 minutes/time). Subjects were assessed for static and dynamic balance parameters using BPM, functional balance using Berg Balance Scale related to movement of paretic lower limb before and after 4 weeks of virtual reality training. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Following VR training, VR group demonstrated the marked improvement on dynamic mean balance, anteroposterior limits of stability (AP angle) and mediolateral limits of stability (ML angle). 2. Following VR training, both groups scored higher on Berg Balance Scale. However, a comparison of mean change revealed differences between groups. In conclusion, these data suggest that the postural control training using VR programs improve dynamic and functional balance performance in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2002

본 논문은 가상 자전거 시스템을 이용한 자세균형 훈련의 정량적 평가에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구의 실험은 20명의 정상 성인을 대상으로 하여 자세균형에 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다 측정 파라메터로서 주행시간. 주행속력. 주행경로 이탈의 횟수. 압력중심, 그리고 체중이동에 대한 변수들을 추출하여 정량적으로 평가하였다 또한, 균형훈련의 효과를 향상시키기 위해, 체중이동에 따른 시각적 피드백 정보의 유용성을 분석하였다 실험결과. 반복훈련결과. 체중이동 분포의 visual feedback 정보를 제시했을때 COP의 총길이가 줄어들어 동요도가 줄고 체중이동값이 50 %에 가까워져 자세제어 및 조절능력이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 가상 자전거 시스템은 효율적인 자세균형 재활 훈련 장비로서 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며 분석방법은 재활훈련 분야에서 널리 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2008

This study was designed to examine the effects of temporary immobilization of the ankle and knee joints on standing in healthy young adults with the use of a postural control mechanism. The subjects were twenty-four college students (12 males and 12 females, aged between 20 and 28). A Biodex balance system SD 950-302 and its software were used to measure indirect balance parameters in standing. Each subject underwent postural stability tests in 4-different joint conditions: free joints, ankle immobilization only, knee immobilization only, and ankle and knee immobilization. In addition, the postural stability test was conducted once with the subject's eyes open and once with the eyes closed conditions. For data analysis of the postural stability tests, the overall stability index, antero-posterior stability index, and medio-lateral stability index were recorded. The overall stability index (p=.000) and medial-lateral index (p=.003) were significantly greater different conditions with eyes closed in postural stability. Therefore, the eyes closed condition is expected to be used as an effective postural stability training for treatment planning in patients with unstable postures. In addition, training based on the dynamic multi-segment model can improve postural stability and is available to therapeutic programs, helping people with unstable balance to reduce their risk of falling.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.457-458
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• 2006

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.137-148
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was to investigate the visual bio-feedback training for 5 weeks on balance and postural control for patients with stroke. Methods : The 26 subjects were randomly selected from the patients of the E hospital in the S city who met the study conditions. They were divided into a visual bio-feedback training group of 13 patients and a self-resistance exercise group of 13 patients. The visual bio-feedback training group received visual bio-feedback and general physiotherapy for five weeks and the self-resistance exercise group received cycling and general physiotherapy for the same period. The subjects were measured and compared for stability index, weight distribution index, fall down index, functional reach test and timed up and go test before and after the program. Results : The visual bio-feedback training group showed significant changes after the experiment in stability index, weight distribution index, functional reach test and timed up and go test(p<0.05), and the self-resistance exercise group also showed significant differences(p<0.05). The changes between prior to and after the experiment show that the visual bio-feedback training group had more significant effects than the self-resistance exercise group(p<0.05). Conclusions : The visual bio-feedback training for five weeks had effects in the improvement of the balance and posture control of stroke patients. Based on these results, more effective training programs should be developed and propagated.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1954-1957
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• 2005

A quantitative evaluation of postural balance training using a virtual reality bicycle system was performed. In the experiment, the effectiveness of virtual reality bicycle system on postural balance training was analyzed with four male subjects in their twenties. The parameters measured during cycling were cycling time, average velocity, number of times subject deviated from path, and weight shift. Those parameters were evaluated for the quantification of the extent of control. We also measured the parameters on postural control capability after 5th trial and 10th trial in a balance testing system with a force plate to find out the effectiveness of the training. In the balance test with force plate, it was found out that the weight shift was almost zero and the deviation from the target trace reduced significantly after the training with the virtual cycle. The result showed that the virtual bicycle system was an effective system as a rehabilitation training device.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of postural control and locomotion on improvement of two point discrimination (TPD), stereognosis (ST) through somatosensory training (SST) on the upper limb (UL). Methods: The subjects were 20 hemiplegia patients who have problems with unilateral neglect after stroke. The patients were divided into two groups, the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). In the EG, SST for TPD, ST was performed 18 times, three times a week for six weeks, together with physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT). In the CG conventional PT and OT without SST was performed for six weeks. Several assessment tools were used in comparison of groups; two point discrimination test (TPDT) on forearm (F), thenar (T), hypothenar (TH), thumb tip (TH-T), index finger tip (IN-T), stereognosis test (ST), postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), and clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (CTSIB) and timed up and go test (TUG). Results: In the CG, conventional PT and OT resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F), ST, PASS, and TUG. In the EG, SST resulted in statistically improved TPDT (F, T, HT, TH-T, IN-T), ST, PASS, and TUG. TPDT-T, ST, and CTSIB with length of displacement with eye open (LDEO) also showed significant improvement between the groups. Conclusion: In both groups TPDT ST, PASS and TUG, and SST had effects on the UL and TPDT, ST and static postural control had greater effects compared with the PG. Therefore, we could assume that TPD and ST are very important in performing human activities including postural control and locomotion.