• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2021

Objective : This study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among North Korean defectors during preparation for early settlement. In addition, the correlation between PTSD and other mental disorders with suicidal ideation was assessed. Methods : A total of 639 North Korean defectors aged 19-65 years were included from resettlement and training centers. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Diagnostic Scale (PDS). The prevalence of other mental disorders and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Korean version of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (K-PDSQ). Results : A total of 6.8% of North Korean defectors had a PDS score >23, which was suggestive of a diagnosis of PTSD. Prior repatriation to North Korea was significantly associated with PTSD. The defectors with PTSD had a higher prevalence of other mental disorders (major depressive disorder prevalence: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 14.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-31.2, panic disorder prevalence: AOR, 9.5; 95% CI, 4.6-20.0, generalized anxiety disorder prevalence: AOR, 5.6; 95% CI, 2.4-13.2). No significant association was found between suicidal ideation and PTSD. Conclusion : North Korean defectors had a relatively high prevalence of PTSD and suicidal ideation during preparation for early settlement. Cohort studies are needed to assess the lasting effects of PTSD on North Korean defectors' settlement in Korea for a longer period.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2008

현재 PTSD와 관련한 여러 병태생리 기전들이 밝혀지고 있으며 이에 초점을 둔 다양한 약물치료가 행해지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일 대학병원에서 PTSD로 진단된 환자들의 의무기록을 검토하여 약물치료의 경향에 대해 알아보았다.1998년 1월부터 2007년 12월까지 DSM-IV에 의해 PTSD로 진단된 입원 환자 75명이 대상군이 되었으며, 이들의 인구학적 요인들, 입원기간, 외상의 종류, 외상 후 경과시간 및 정신과적 공존병리 및 처방 받은 약물을 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 75명 중 남자는 33명, 여자는 42명이었다. 정신과적 공존병리는 총 50명(66.7%)에서 존재하였으며, 우울장애, 인지장애, 정신장애 및 불안장애 순이었다.73명(97%)의 대상군은 항우울제를 처방 받았으며, 그 중 paroxetine이 54.7%로 가장 많았고 두 가지 이상의 항우울제를 처방 받은 경우도 24%였다. 또 거의 대부분의 환자에서 비정형 항정신병약물(33.3%), 기분안정제(17.3%),항불안제(94.7%)가 항우울제와 병용 처방된 것으로 조사되었다. 여러 제한점에도 불구하고 본 연구에서 얻어진 약물 처방 경향은 향후 국내 실정에 맞는 치료 지침을 수립하는 데에 하나의 근거 자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• 제37권1호
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is prevalent and is associated with protracted recovery and worse outcomes after injury. This study compared PTSD prevalence using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) with the prevalence of PTSD risk using the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS). Methods: Adult trauma patients at a level I trauma center were screened with the PCL-5 (sample 1) at follow-up visits or using the ITSS as inpatients (sample 2). Results: Sample 1 (n=285) had significantly fewer patients with gunshot wounds than sample 2 (n=45) (8.1% vs. 22.2%, P=0.003), nonsignificantly fewer patients with a fall from a height (17.2% vs. 28.9%, P=0.06), and similar numbers of patients with motor vehicle collision (40.7% vs. 37.8%, P=0.07). Screening was performed at a mean of 154 days following injury for sample 1 versus 7.1 days in sample 2. The mean age of the patients in sample 1 was 45.4 years, and the mean age of those in sample 2 was 46.1 years. The two samples had similar proportions of female patients (38.2% vs. 40.0%, P=0.80). The positive screening rate was 18.9% in sample 1 and 40.0% in sample 2 (P=0.001). For specific mechanisms, the positive rates were as follows: motor vehicle collisions, 17.2% in sample 1 and 17.6% in sample 2 (P>0.999); fall from height, 12.2% in sample 1 and 30.8% in sample 2 (P=0.20); and gunshot wounds, 39.1% in sample 1 and 80.0% in sample 2 (P=0.06). Conclusions: The ITSS was obtained earlier than PCL-5 and may identify PTSD in more orthopedic trauma patients. Differences in the frequency of PTSD may also be related to the screening tool itself, or underlying patient risk factors, such as mechanism of injury, or mental or social health.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2018

Objective : Several earlier studies have reported similar symptoms in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) who have been repeatedly exposed to relevant media after disasters and trauma. This study aimed to examine the effects of indirect trauma experience through media rather than direct traumatic events on an individual's social life. Methods : Five hundred and fifty-four individuals participated in our online, self-reported questionnaire survey. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised. Participants were assessed in regards to their experience of violent media exposure within the past three months. Results : Data from our study indicates that the group exposed to violent media had significantly higher perceived stress, physical symptoms, insomnia, and suicide ideation in comparison to the control group. Among the major symptoms of PTSD, the proportion of intrusion symptoms was relatively high in the media exposed group. Conclusion : This suggests that indirect trauma caused by media exposure could cause post-traumatic stress symptoms. The PTSD caused by indirect trauma may have slight differences from the PTSD caused by direct trauma. Therefore, it is necessary to understand, prevent, and control the adverse effects of media.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.644-654
• /
• 2020

Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a mental disorder induced by traumatic stress and often accompanied by depression and/or anxiety, may involve an imbalance in the neurotransmitters associated with the fear response. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has long been used as a traditional medicine and is known to be involved in a variety of pharmacological activities. We used the open field test and forced swimming test to examine the effects of KRG on the depression-like response of rats after exposure to single prolonged stress (SPS), leading to activation of the serotonergic system. Methods: Male rats received KRG (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) once daily for 14 days after exposure to SPS. Results: Daily KRG administration significantly improved depression-like behaviors in the forced swimming test, increased the number of lines crossed and time spent in the central zone in the open field test, and decreased freezing behavior in contextual and cued fear conditioning. KRG treatment attenuated SPS-induced decreases in serotonin (5-HT) tissue concentrations in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. The increased 5-HT concentration during KRG treatment may be partially attributable to the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid/5-HT ratio in the hippocampus of rats with PTSD. These effects may be caused by the activation of hippocampal genes encoding tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and 2 mRNA levels. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that KRG has an antidepressant effect in rats subjected to SPS and may represent an effective use of traditional medicine for the treatment of PTSD.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2009

Diagnosing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is challenging for several reasons: a lack of training in trauma assessment for most clinicians, underreporting and avoidance by patients, the overlapping of symptoms, and a high comorbidity with other mental disorders. Thus, a careful evaluation and differential diagnosis are essential for the treatment and management of this population. A concept of posttraumatic reaction in people with narcissistic vulnerability, called Trauma-Associated Narcissistic Symptoms (TANS) had appeared in the literature; this has not been, however, systemically investigated. This study examines three cases of TANS that developed after traumatic events such as traffic accidents and physical assault. TANS may mimic PTSD and can show similar features; however, a careful attention to the context and meaning of symptoms can help the clinicians in differentiating TANS from PTSD. Clinicians working with trauma and compensation evaluators should be on alert for this easily overlooked condition.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the level of postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and postpartum depression (PPD) in Korean mothers with healthy babies and to explore the factors related to postpartum PTSD. Methods: This study used a longitudinal survey design to explore the levels and association of PPD and PTSD. Two hundred women were recruited during pregnancy and the data were collected via online survey from 166 mothers (84% retained) who gave birth to healthy babies, at two postpartum periods: Fear of childbirth was assessed at the 1st week; and spousal support, PPD, and postpartum PTSD were surveyed at the 4th week postpartum. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Chi square test, and multiple regression were done. Results: The mean age of mothers was 33.12 (±3.97) years old. Postpartum PTSD was low (8.95±6.49) with 1.8% (n=3) at risk (≥19). PPD was also low (6.68±5.28) and 30.1% (n=50) were identified at risk (≥10). The comorbid rate of PPD with PTSD was 6%. Mothers who did not have a planned pregnancy had higher scores of PPD (t=-2.78, p=.008), whereas spousal support and PPD had negative relationship (r=-.21, p=.006). The overall explanatory power for postpartum PTSD was 55.2%, of which PPD was the only significant variable (β=. 76, t=13.76, p<.001). Conclusion: While only 1.8% was at risk of postpartum PTSD at 4 weeks postpartum, PPD prevalence was 30.1% and PPD was the only influential factor of postpartum PTSD. Assessment and counseling of PPD are required as well as screening for postpartum PTSD. More research is also needed on postpartum PTSD in Korean women.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2021

연구목적 본 연구는 외상후스트레스장애 환자들의 신체증상 지각 특성과 인지적 정서조절전략을 탐색하기 위해 시행하였다. 방 법 본 연구는 2019년 7월 1일부터 2021년 2월 28일까지 48명의 외상후스트레스장애 환자들과 48명의 정상인을 대상으로 시행하였다. 환자군에 대해 임상가용 외상후스트레스장애 척도, 신체감각 증폭 척도, 인지적 정서조절전략 척도, Hamilton 불안 척도를 평가하였고 정상대조군에 대해 신체감각 증폭 척도를 평가하였다. 신체감각 증폭 척도에 대해 집단간 차이를 검증하였고 환자군에서 척도간 상관 관계를 확인하였다. 결 과 신체감각 증폭 정도는 외상후스트레스장애 환자들이 정상인보다 평균적으로 높았으나 유의하지는 않았다. 외상후스트레스장애 환자군에서, 외상후스트레스장애 증상 심각도는 반추, 파국화의 인지적 정서조절전략과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 신체감각 증폭 정도는 외상후스트레스장애 과각성 증상과 파국화, 타인비난의 부적응적 인지적 정서조절전략과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 결 론 외상후스트레스장애 환자들은 반추, 파국화와 같은 부적응적인 인지적 정서조절전략을 가지고 있으며, 신체감각의 증폭은 외상후스트레스 증상 중 과각성 증상 및 파국화, 타인비난의 인지전략과 관련이 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 반추, 파국화, 타인비난, 신체감각 증폭과 같은 부정적인 인지를 줄여주는 것이 외상후스트레스장애 증상과 신체증상에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 교통사고 야기자의 PTSD(Posttraumatic Stress Disorder) 발생 구조와 원인, 치료방법 선택에 기초적인 자료를 제공하기 위하여 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 교통사고 피해자가 아닌 가해자를 대상으로 추정만 하던 교통사고 가해자의 PTSD 현황을 전국적인 설문조사를 통하여 파악할 수 있었다. 둘째, 교통사고 야기자를 대상으로 교통사고의 발생과 밀접한 20가지의 운전 상황에서 교통사고 이후의 운전태도 변화를 요인분석으로 3가지로 유형화할 수 있었다. 셋째, PTSD 유 무별로 주요 운전 상황에서의 운전태도 변화의 차이가 있음을 t검정을 통하여 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 t검정을 통하여 유의하다고 나타난 6가지의 운전 상황을 구조방정식 모형에 적용하여 PTSD 관련 변수와 운전태도 변화와의 관계를 분석하는 모형을 구축할 수 있었다. 구축된 모형의 분석을 통해, PTSD 저감 예방을 위한 대책 마련 및 PTSD 저감을 위한 기초자료를 제공하였다.

• 대한불안의학회지
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.127-132
• /
• 2012

Objective : This study aims to investigate the relationship between addictive mobile phone use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in bullies who experienced school violence. Methods : The study subjects consisted of 97 adolescents in The Foundation for Preventing Youth Violence after school violence. The participants conducted self-report questionnaire for addictive mobile phone use and Impacted Event Scale-revised-Korean version (IES-R-K). Partial correlation and multiple logistic regressions were performed. Results : The scores related to addictive mobile phone use were correlated with total score (r=0.21, p=0.04), avoidance score (r=0.21, p=0.04) and intrusive score (r=0.26, p=0.01) related to PTSD symptoms on the IES-R-K. Intrusive score related to PTSD symptoms on the IES-R-K were significant risk factor for addictive mobile phone use (O.R=1.25, 95% CI=1.12-1.39). Conclusion : This data supports that PTSD intrusive symptoms could be predictable factor of addictive mobile phone use. An appropriate intervention about PTSD symptoms might play a useful role in preventing addictive mobile phone use in bullies of school violence.