• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes following conventional tooth-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) between adolescents and adults. Methods: Dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables of 17 adolescents and 17 adults were analyzed on posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms and frontal photographs at pretreatment (T1) and after conventional RME using tooth-borne expanders (T2). Changes in variables within each group between T1 and T2 were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the differences in the pretreatment age, expansion and post-expansion durations, and dentoskeletal and soft tissue changes after RME between the groups. Spearman's correlation between pretreatment age and transverse dentoskeletal changes in the adolescent group was calculated. Results: Despite similar amounts of expansion at the crown level in both groups, the adult group underwent less skeletal expansion with less intermolar root expansion after RME than the adolescent group. The skeletal vertical dimension increased significantly in both groups without significant intergroup difference. The anteroposterior position of the maxilla was maintained in both groups, while a greater backward displacement of the mandible was evident in the adult group than that in the adolescent group after RME. The soft tissue alar width increased in both groups without a significant intergroup difference. In the adolescent group, pretreatment age was not significantly correlated with transverse dentoskeletal changes. Conclusions: Conventional RME may induce similar soft tissue changes but different dentoskeletal changes between adolescents and adults.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.594-606
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• 1996

저자는 하악골의 측방 변위를 보이는 악안면 비대칭증례에서 이하두정방사선규격사진과 정모두부방사선규격사진을 이용하여 두개부 형태와 악안면부의 비대칭성과의 상호 관련성을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 이하두정방사선규격사진에서 하악골의 편위정도는 평균 $-3.12{\pm}3.80$ 이며 절대치의 평균은 $2.50{\pm}2.82$ 이였다. 2. 이하두정방사선규격사진에서 비편위측과 편위측에 대한 유의성 검정에서 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나(p>0.05), 그 차이의 평균은 전두부(Y10, Y9, Y8, Y7, Y6)에서는 편위측이 상대적으로 더 크고, 측두부(Y5, Y-1, Y-2, Y-3, Y-4, Y-5, Y-6)에서는 비편위측이 상대적으로 더 크게 나타났다. 3. 정모두부방사선규격사진에서 술전의 하악골의 평균 편위는 $1.3983{\pm}3.521$ 이며 절대치의 평균은 $3.95{\pm}2.85$ 이였다. 4. 정모두부방사선규격사진에서 수술에 의한 변화량 (PT2A-PT1A) 에 대한 재발량(PTLA-PT2A)의 상관관계분석에서 수술에 의한 이동량이 많을 수록 재발이 많은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 5. 이하두정방사선규격사진에서 하악골 편위정도에 대하여 두개관 형태(비변위-변위차이)에 대한 상관관계분석에서 통계적인 유의성은 없었으나(P>0.05), 변위가 클수록 전두부에서는 비변위측이, 후두부에서는 변위측이 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 6. 정모두부방사선사진상에서 하악골의 변위 정도에 대한 두개관(비변위-변위)과의 상관관계 분석에서 Y4(P<0.05), Y3, Y2, Yl, 0, Y-1, Y-2, Y-4, Y-6(P<0,01), Y-5(p<0.001) 등의 위치에서 하악골의 변위 정도가 클수록 비변위측이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 7. 정모두부방사선사진상에서 하악골 재발에 대한 두개관(비변위-변위)과의 상관관계분석에서는 통계적인 유의성이 없었으나(P>0.05), 측두부에서는 비변위-변위 차이가 클수록 재발이 많은 경향을 보였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2016

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the diagnostic tools available for assessing maxillary transverse deficiencies. Methods: An electronic search of three databases was performed from their date of establishment to April 2015, with manual searching of reference lists of relevant articles. Articles were considered for inclusion if they reported the accuracy or reliability of a diagnostic method or evaluation technique for maxillary transverse dimensions in mixed or permanent dentitions. Risk of bias was assessed in the included articles, using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool-2. Results: Nine articles were selected. The studies were heterogeneous, with moderate to low methodological quality, and all had a high risk of bias. Four suggested that the use of arch width prediction indices with dental cast measurements is unreliable for use in diagnosis. Frontal cephalograms derived from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were reportedly more reliable for assessing intermaxillary transverse discrepancies than posteroanterior cephalograms. Two studies proposed new three-dimensional transverse analyses with CBCT images that were reportedly reliable, but have not been validated for clinical sensitivity or specificity. No studies reported sensitivity, specificity, positive or negative predictive values or likelihood ratios, or ROC curves of the methods for the diagnosis of transverse deficiencies. Conclusions: Current evidence does not enable solid conclusions to be drawn, owing to a lack of reliable high quality diagnostic studies evaluating maxillary transverse deficiencies. CBCT images are reportedly more reliable for diagnosis, but further validation is required to confirm CBCT's accuracy and diagnostic superiority.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.643-659
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• 1997

두개 악안면 기형 환자의 종합적인 치료를 위해서는 입체적인 평가와 진단이 중요하다. 그러나 흔히 전후방적인 골격 평가에는 많은 분석 방법을 시행하고 있으나, 안모 비대칭과 상 하악골 횡적인 부조화의 진단을 위해 필요한 횡적 평가방법은 충분하지 못한 실정이다. 횡적인 부조화의 적절한 진단과 치료는 안정된 기능교합의 형성에 있어서 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화보다 중요한 역할을 하며, 장기간의 안정성에도 영향을 미친다. 그리고 상하악의 횡적인 부조화에 따른 연조직의 변화가 제한되어 있기 때문에 시진을 통한 임상적 방법으로는 간과되기 쉬우며 더욱이 특징적인 안모 소견을 보이는 전후방 또는 수직적인 부조화와 동반된 경우에는 감별되기 어렵다. 그로 인해 정확한 진단과 치료를 위해서는 정상 안모에 관한 정모두부 방사선 계측학적 안모 비율의 평가가 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구는 1996학년도 연세대학교 신입생중에서 협조 가능한 정상 안모와 거의 정상 교합을 갖은 남녀 76명을 선정하여 안모 비대칭과 횡적인 부조화가 있는 악안면 기형 환자의 진단과 치료계획에 도움을 주는 자료를 얻고자 정모두부 방사선 계측사진을 이용하여 수평 및 수직 계측항목과 그 비율을 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 정모의 수평 및 수직적인 계측항목과 그 비율의 평균값과 표준편차를 구하였다. 2. 정모의 폭경에 대한 고경의 비율은 0.837(남자: 0.836, 여자:841)이었다. 3. 상악골과 하악골간의 폭경비율은 0.747(남자: 0.745, 여자:0.752)이며, 높은 연관성을 나타내었다. 4. 두개 안면부 폭경들간에는 서로 연관성이 나타났다. (두개폭경, 관골전두봉합폭경, 안면폭경, 상악폭경, 하악폭경, 상악과 하악 구치부폭경) 5. 정모의 폭경이 증가할수록 안모고경과 다른 길이 계측치도 연관되어 증가하였지만 각도 계측값 ($Bj\ddot{o}rk$의 합, 하악평면각)의 감소와, 후전 안면고경 비율 증가로 인하여, Brachycephalic facial type의 안모 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과는 악안면 기형 환자의 교정치료 및 악교정 수술치료의 계획에 기준치로써 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2023

Objectives: The aim of the study was to quantify and compare craniofacial asymmetry in subjects with and without symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult subjects were categorized into two groups (63 with a TMDs and 63 without a TMDs), based on detection of symptoms using the Temporomandibular Joint Disorder-Diagnostic Index (TMD-DI) questionnaire. Posteroanterior cephalograms of each subject were traced manually and 17 linear and angular measurements were analyzed. Craniofacial asymmetry was quantified by calculating the asymmetry index (AI) of bilateral parameters for both groups. Results: Intra- and intergroup comparisons were analyzed using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test, respectively, with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. An AI for each linear and angular bilateral parameter was calculated; higher asymmetry was found in TMD-positive patients compared with TMD-negative patients. An intergroup comparison of AIs found highly significant differences for the parameters of antegonial notch to horizontal plane distance, jugular point to horizontal plane distance, antegonial notch to menton distance, antegonial notch to vertical plane distance, condylion to vertical plane distance, and angle formed by vertical plane, O point and antegonial notch. Significant deviation of the menton distance from the facial midline was also evident. Conclusion: Greater facial asymmetry was seen in the TMD-positive group compared with the TMD-negative group. The mandibular region was characterized by asymmetries of greater magnitude compared with the maxilla. Patients with facial asymmetry often require management of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pathology to achieve a stable, functional, and esthetic result. Ignoring the TMJ during treatment or failing to provide proper management of the TMJ and performing only orthognathic surgery may result in worsening of TMJ-associated symptoms (jaw dysfunction and pain) and re-occurrence of asymmetry and malocclusion. Assessments of facial asymmetry should take into account TMJ disorders to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.635-640
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• 2007

Purpose: Mid and lower facial convexity is more common in Oriental people than in Caucasian. Bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is characterized by procumbent teeth, protruding lips, acute nasolabial angle, gummy smile, receding chin, facial convexity. Especially, pure maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion is less frequent than bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Therefore, it is important to make an accurate decision for the operation throughout the history taking, cephalogram, dental cast to arrive at accurate diagnosis and surgical plan. Methods: From December 2002 to June 2004, ten patients with maxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and microgenia were corrected by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty. 10 patients were analyzed by preoperative and postoperative clinical photography, posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms. Results: No major complications were occurred throughout the follow-up period except one of the over-recessed, otherwise most of the patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: We could correct the occulusal relationship with teeth and improve lower facial profile, asthetically and functionally, by maxillary anterior segmental osteotomy and advancement genioplasty.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2017

Introduction: Identifying menton (Me) on posteroanterior cephalograms and three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is difficult, because the midpoint of the symphyseal area is not identifiable after the mandibular symphysis fuses at an early age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the identification of the genial tubercle (GT) in patients with mandibular asymmetry and to compare it with that of the traditional landmark, Me. Methods: The samples comprised 20 CBCT images of adults with mandibular asymmetry. Two examiners performed the identifications and measurements. Me and GT were marked, and the anteroposterior, vertical, and transverse distances to the three reference planes were measured on 3D-reconstructed CBCT images. The intra- and inter-examiner reliability of landmark identification of Me and GT were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: The Me and GT landmarks showed excellent reliability ($ICC{\geq}0.993$) three-dimensionally. In the transverse evaluation, the ICC values of the GT (range, 0.997-0.999) tended to be slightly higher than those of Me (range, 0.993-0.996). In the Bland-Altman plots for the two separate assessments, Me showed a maximum error of 1.76 mm in the transverse direction, whereas the GT showed a maximum error of 0.96 mm in the 95% limit. Conclusions: Our results suggest that both Me and GT are clinically reliable and equally useful landmarks for the evaluation of mandibular asymmetry on CBCT images.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.787-798
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was three-fold: i) to investigate the degree of asymmetry in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and normal adults; ii) to determine the nature of difference existed between two groups; and iii) to investigate the correlationship between the degree of asymmetry and ANB and overbite in Angle's Class III malocclusion patients. The subjects consisted of 25 Angle's Class III malocclusion patients and 25 normal adults and the mean ages were 22.0 and 24.5 years, respectively. Their posteroanterior and lateral cephalograms were traced and analysed with three-dimensional approach. The results were as follows: 1. Asymmetry of Angle's Class III malocclusion group was significant in all regions except cranial base. Their horizontal asymmetry was seen in mandibular angle, maxillary and mandibular 1st molar, mandibular midline and menton. Vertical asymmetry was observed in maxillary 1st molar and mandibular shape and anteroposterior asymmetry in mandibular angle. 2. Nine variables indicating asymmetry were selected and each variable had similar discriminant score. 3. There was a little correlationship between An and asymmetric variable(MSR-B6) and its correlation coefficients was 0.3564. 4. There was no significant correlationship between overbite and asymmetric variables.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.255-261
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• 2010

Introduction: To evaluate the skeletal stability after a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) setback of the mandible fixed with a biodegradable internal fixation device or metal internal fixation device. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients underwent mandibular setback via BSSO. Fifteen patients were fixed with a biodegradable internal fixation device or metal internal fixation device respectively. Posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms were taken preoperatively and at two days, 5.5 months and 14.5 months postoperatively. The relevant skeletal points were traced and digitized to evaluate the skeletal changes postoperatively. The relapse rates were analyzed and compared statistically. Results: There was no statistically significant differences in postoperative stability between the two groups.(P<0.05) Conclusion: The biodegradable internal fixation device may make an effective device alternative to a metal internal fixation device for setback BSSO.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.437-451
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 최대 교합력을 측정하여 전후방적, 수직적 및 횡적인 안면 골격 요소들과의 관련성을 연구하는 것이다. 연구 대상으로 남녀 대학생들을 각각 26명과 14명씩 총 40명을 선택하였다. 본 연구를 위하여 개발된 strain gauge를 이용한 장치로 좌우 제1대구치와 전치부에서 최대 교합력을 측정하였다. 두부방사선 사진을 촬영하여 여러 계측 항목들을 측정하고, 통계분석을 시행하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 제 1대구치 최대 교합력은 남자는 $68.0\pm13.9kg$, 여자는 $55.6\pm10.5kg$ 이었고 (p<0.05), 전치에서 남자는 $8.4\pm4.9kg$, 여자는 $5.1\pm3.4kg$이었다(p<0.05). 2. 저작을 선호하는 쪽의 교합력이 더 크게 나타나는 경향을 보였지만 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 3. 최대교합력이 강한 군과 약한군 간에 여러 항목들에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었는데, 제1대구치 최대 교합력에 대해서는 N-S-Ar, S-Ar-Go, FH-H1, IMPA 그리고 MMO 항목들이 유의한 차이를 보였고, 전치부 최대 교합력에 대해서는 N-S-Ar 과 FH-H1 항목들이 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 4. 최대 교합력과 유의성 있는 상관 관계를 보인 항목들은 제1대구치 최대 교합력에 대해서는 N-S-Ar, S-Ar-Go, UGA, FH-H6, FH-H1, body weight 그리고 MMO, 전치부 최대 교합력에 대해서는 Go-Me, P-1 그리고 IMPA등 이었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 제1대구치의 최대 교합력은 수직 전안면 고경이 짧을수록 증가하였다. 전치의 최대 교합력은 하악체 길이가 길수록, 상악 전방 치조부 고경이 클수록, 그리고 하악 절치들이 설측으로 경사져 있을수록 증가하였다(P<0.05).9\%$ 수준이었으며, 인장결합강토(TBS)에 대해서는 $52\%$ 수준이었고, Chessboard base에서 최저 Peel bond strength$(_{60}PBS)$는 전단결합강도(SBS)의 $34\%$ 수준이었으며, 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대해서는 $61\%$ 수준이었으며, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 최저 Peel 결합 강도$(_{60}PBS)$는 전단결합강도(SBS)의 $34\%$ 수준이었으며, 인장결합강도(TBS)에 대해서는 $55\%$ 수준이었다. 4. 단위 면적 당 결합강도에 있어서 전단결합강도(SBS)와 인장결합강도(TBS) 및 $75^{\circ}\;와\;90^{\circ}$ peel 결합강도는 Micro-Loc base와 Chessboard base에서 차이 가 없었으며 Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 가장 작았고(p<0.05), $0^{\circ},\;15^{\circ},\;30^{\circ},\;60^{\circ}$ peel응력을 적용한 결과 Chessboard base에서 가장 큰 Peel결합강도를, Non-etched Foil-Mesh base에서 가장 작은 결합강도를 보였다(p<0.05).았다. 6. 주사전자현미경으로 본 표면은 모든 제품에서 생산과정 중에 보이는 압흔과 pitting이 관찰되는데, 진성기업의 Stainless Steel은 가늘고 긴 압흔이 있으며 비교적 매끄러운 표면을 보이고, Unitek사의 경우 압흔과 함께 pitting 이 관찰되며, Ormco Stainless Steel의 경우 불규칙한 pitting이 다수 존재했다.수술 시행 시기별의 차이를 보이지 않고 고른 분포를 보였다. 10. 내원한 환자를 순구개열