• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.753-761
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• 1998

Preconditioning of a heart with small doses of catecholamines induces a tolerance against the subsequent lethal ischemia. The present study was performed to find a specific receptor pathway involved with the catecholamine preconditioning and to test if adenosine plays a role in this cardioprotective effect. Isolated rat hearts, pretreated with small doses of ${\alpha}-\;or\;{\beta}-adrenergic$ agonists/antagonists, were subjected to 20 minutes ischemia and 20 minutes reperfusion by Langendorff perfusion method. Cardiac mechanical functions, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine release from the hearts were measured before and after the drug treatments and ischemia. In another series of experiments, adenosine $A_1\;or\;A_2$ receptor blockers were treated prior to administration of adrenergic agonists. Pretreatments of a ${\beta}-agonist,\;isoproterenol(10^{-9}{\sim}10^{-7}\;M)$ markedly improved the post-ischemic mechanical function and reduced the lactate dehydrogenase release. Similar cardioprotective effect was observed with an ?-agonist, phenylephrine pretreatment, but much higher $concentration(10^{-4}\;M)$ was needed to achieve the same degree of cardioprotection. The cardioprotective effects of isoproterenol and phenylephrine pretreatments were blocked by a ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor antagonist, atenolol, but not by an ${\alpha}_1-antagonist,$ prazosin. Adenosine release from the heart was increased by isoproterenol, and the increase was also blocked by atenolol, but not by prazosin. A selective $A_1-adenosine$ receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentyl xanthine (DPCPX) blocked the cardioprotection by isoproterenol pretreatment. These results suggest that catecholamine pretreatment protects rat myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury by mediation of ${\beta}_1-adrenergic$ receptor pathway, and that adenosine is involved in this cardioprotective effect.

• 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물학회 1995년도 제9회 식물생명공학 심포지움 식물육종과 분자생물학의 만남 The 9th Plant Biotechnology Symposium -Breeding and Molecular Biology-
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• pp.133-170
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• 1995

The major objectives of fruit breeding lie in improvement of cultivar, easy to be cultivated and of high quality, in order to produce unexpensive, delicious fruit both for fresh fruit market and processing. Recently, fruit breeding in Korea has contributed to breeding of several superior cultivars in major fruit crops, resulting in appreciable improvement in qualities such as skin color, taste and fruit-bearing habit concerned with productivity. In spite of accomplishments mentioned above, the need for both highly disease-resistant cultivars and long-keeping, physiological disorder-resistant cultivars to meet long distance transsportation in the temperate fruit crops of apples, oriental pears, stone fruits such as peaches, and grapes grown in Korea is rapidly pressing more than ever, as cultivars of today susceptible to pests and diseases and vulnerable to physiological disorders are very expensive and time-consuming in post-harvest handling and management. Thus, imporvements made in the above problems through breeding level will lead to the really enhanced productivity in fruit industry. The major impediments of tree size, the long length of juvenile period and the highly heterogeneous genetic composition to the improvement of fruit crops are responsible for the lower amount and rate of improvements of fruit crops as compared to annuals. Considering the expected limitations of the above problems to be solved through conventional breeding methods and strategy, a turning point of breeding a near perfect cultivar would be laid down if innovative breakthroughs in biological technology will be realized in applying some of the techniques of genetic manipulation at the molecular level to the cultivar improvement of fruit crops, such as the selective insertion of DNA carrying genes that govern desirable characteristics. More than anything else, those traits such as fruiting habit deciding productivity, elements of fruit qualities conditioned by monogene, and disease-and pest-resistance of vital importance for successful fruit growing are urgently desired to be improved by advancement of biotechnology for they are more than difficult and need long period to be attained through conventional breeding method.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2008

A qualitative and quantitative analytical method was developed for detection of methamphetamine (MA) and its main metabolite amphetamine (AM) in oral fluid. Oral fluids of eleven drug abusers were provided by Police, specimens were collected by stimulation with a cotton swab treated with 20 mg of citric acid ($Salivette^{(R)}$; Sarstedt, USA). As the preliminary test, oral fluid samples were screened for amphetamines by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (TDxFLx, Abbott Co.). Extraction for MA was performed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) by $RapidTrace^{TM}$ (Zymark, USA) with mixed mode cation exchange cartridge, CLEAN $SCREEN^{(R)}$ (130 mg/3 ml, UCT) after dilution with phosphate buffer. Samples were evaporated and derivatized by pentafluoropropionic acid anhydride (PFPA). Quantitation of MA and AM was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) using selective ion monitoring (SIM), the quantitation ions were m/z 204 (MA), 208 (MA-$D_5$), 190 (AM) and 194 (AM-$D_5$). The selectivity, linearity of calibration, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) within- and between day precision, accuracy and recoveries were examined as parts of the method validation. All oral fluid samples gave positive results to immunoassay for MA (cut-off level, 50 ng/ml as d-amphetamine). Concentrations of MA and AM by GC-MS in eleven samples were ranged 104.2${\sim}$4603.3 ng/ml and 32.4${\sim}$268.6 ng/ml, respectively. Extracted calibration curves of MA and AM were linear over the two concentration range of 1${\sim}$100 and 50${\sim}$1000 ng/ml with correlation coefficient of above 0.999. LOQ of MA and AM was 1 and 3 ng/ml, respectively. The intraand inter-day run precisions (CV) for MA and AM were less than 10%, and the accuracies (bias) for MA and AM were also less than 10% at the two different concentrations 5 and 100 ng/ml at low calibration range, 50 and 1000 ng/ml at high calibration range. The absolute recoveries of MA and AM at low and high calibration ranges were more than 82% and 75%, respectively. In this study the qualitative and quantitative analytical method of MA in oral fluid was established. Oral fluid testing may detect drug use in past hours because of its shorter detection window than urine, and be useful in post-accident situations. So oral fluids will be most useful for testing drug abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as the alternative specimens of urine.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2013

우리나라 경제의 근간을 이루고 있는 철강산업, 자동차산업이나 전자산업에서 전기도금은 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 전기도금 폐액은 전처리, 도금 및 후처리과정에서 발생하는 폐액이고 다양한 금속염을 포함한 유해한 폐수이다. 현재 일반적인 폐수는 환경법상 배수 규제치 이하로 중화처리한 후 각종 금속이 혼합된 슬러지는 매립하거나 위탁처리하고 있는데, 처리에 따른 막대한 비용이 들뿐만 아니라 매립지 부족과 유가금속 자원 낭비를 초래하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 폐수에서 유가금속을 회수하는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 전기도금 폐액에서 금속을 선택적으로 회수하는 새로운 방법은 철산화세균을 이용하는 방법, 황화제를 이용한 황화물(MS) 회수법 및 유기용매를 이용한 용매추출법 등에 관한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이들의 폐수처리방법을 이용하여 Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni 등의 금속이온이 혼합된 폐수에서 유가금속을 95%이상 회수하는 성과를 거두었다. 이는 전기도금공정에서 배출되는 폐수를 폐기할 것이 아니라 도시광산의 중요한 금속자원으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2020

Objective: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the major microorganisms responsible for subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. The present study was designed with the aim to explore the DNA methylation patterns using the Fluorescence-labeled methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (F-MSAP) techniques in a S. aureus-infected mouse model. Methods: A total of 12 out-bred Institute of Cancer Research female mice ranging from 12 to 13 weeks-old were selected to construct a mastitis model. F-MSAP analysis was carried out to detect fluctuations of DNA methylation between control group and S. aureus mastitis group. Results: Visible changes were observed in white cell counts in milk, percentage of granulocytes, percentage of lymphocytes, CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺ ratio (CD⁴⁺/CD⁸⁺), and histopathology of mice pre- and post-challenge with S. aureus. These findings showed the suitability of the S. aureus-infected mouse model. A total of 369 fragments was amplified from udder tissue samples from the two groups (S. aureus-infected mastitis group and control group) using eight pairs of selective primers. Results indicated that the methylation level of mastitis mouse group was higher than that in the control group. In addition, NCK-associated protein 5 (Nckap5) and transposon MTD were identified to be differentially methylated through secondary polymerase chain reaction and sequencing in the mastitis group. These observations might play an important role in the development of S. aureus mastitis. Conclusion: Collectively, our study suggests that the methylation modification in Nckap5 and transposon MTD might be considered as epigenetic markers in resistance to S. aureus-infected mastitis and provided a new insight into S. aureus mastitis research in dairy industry and public health.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2011

기술문명의 지속적인 발전은 이루어 경제성장과 물질적 풍요로움을 주었으나, 환경에 대한 고려를 통한 발전이 무엇보다 요구되는 시기가 되었다. 건설 분야의 경우도 예외가 아니다. 따라서 최근 건설 산업에서는 친환경 공법을 적용하며, 폐기물을 줄이는 등 환경에 대한 관심이 어느 때보다 높아졌다. 국내의 노후 공동주택이 점차 증가함에 따라 성능개선방안으로 재건축 및 리모델링이 수행되고 있다. 하지만 재건축이 가지는 비용적, 환경적 측면에서의 문제로 인해 리모델링의 수행이 대안으로 인식되고 있다. 리모델링 공사는 특성상 철거공사가 선행 된다. 철거공사는 필연적으로 건설폐기물 발생이 수반된다. 따라서 환경적 측면을 고려한 폐기물 처리가 중요하며, 이를 위해서 선별 분리를 위한 친환경 리모델링 철거공사가 수행되어야 한다. 그러나 친환경 리모델링 철거공사는 주로 기계를 사용하여 수행하는 기존 방식에 반하여 인력이 중심이 되므로 생산성 측면에서 효율성이 낮다. 리모델링 공사는 특성상 철거공사 후 후행공사가 진행되기 때문에 철거공사의 작업효율성 확보가 중요하다. 따라서 본 논문은 친환경 리모델링 철거공사의 세부공정을 작업효율성이 포함된 공정으로 재구성하고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 노후 공동주택을 선정하여 실제 사례연구를 실시하였다. 친환경 철거공사 사례적용을 분석하여 본 사례에 적합한 TACT공정을 개발하였고 이를 고층형 아파트에 적용시키기 위해 공정 Simulation을 실시하여 친환경 리모델링 최적 TACT공정을 제안하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2016

Background: A forward head posture (FHP) is one of the most common types of poor head posture in patients with neck disorder. A prolonged FHP might increase pressure on the posterior cranio-cervical structure and exhibit reduced performance on a cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT). CCFT is included to activate deep cervical flexor muscles and inhibit excessive activation of superficial cervical flexor muscles. Therefore, the selective activation of deep cervical flexors is needed for effective exercise for FHP. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare muscle thickness between longus colli (Lco) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) using ultrasonography in subjects with FHP depending on head support. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, case-control research design study. The ultrasonographic images of Lco and SCM were taken in 17 subjects with FHP during the 5 phases of the CCFT with and without a head support. Towel was used for supporting head to make the neutral head position in supine. Changes in muscle thickness during the test were calculated to infer muscle activation. Data were analyzed using repeated measures of two-way analysis of variance with the significance level of .05. Results: When subjects performed the CCFT with head support, there was a significant difference in muscle thickness of Lco and SCM (p<.05). According to a post hoc paired t-test, change of thickness of Lco was greater at all phases, and change of thickness of SCM muscle was less at phase 4 and 5 in condition with head support (p<.01) compared to condition without head support (p<.01). Conclusion: The result of this study suggest that applying head support for neutral head position during CCFT could be a useful method for activating Lco muscle without excessive activation of SCM muscle.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1993

Quinclorac의 사용량(使用量) 감소(減少)는 물론 잔유량(殘留量) 저하(低下)를 위하여 기존(旣存)의 화본과(禾本科) 속간(屬間) 선택성(選擇|生)을 갖는 molinate 및 propanil과의 혼합처방(混合處方)의 가능성(可能性) 여부를 밝히고자 온실내(溫室內) pot시험(試驗)으로 수행되었으며 피 3-4엽기(葉期)에 quinclorac 0.038. 0.075, 0.150 및 0.300kg ai/ha에, molinate는 0.190, 0.380, 0.750 및 1.500kg ai/ha을, propanil은 0.263, 0.525, 1.050, 및 2.100kg ai/ha을 각각 혼용(混用) 조합(組合)하여 경엽처리(莖葉處理)한 후 생체중(生體重)의 방제가(防除價)에 의한 상호작용(相互作用)을 해석하였다. Quinclorac과 molinate 조합처리(組合處理)에서 각 단제(單劑)의 방제가(防除價)는 표준량(標準量)에서 각각 78.1%, 26.2%에 지나지 않았으며, 조합처리(組合處理)의 방제가(防除價)는 quinclorac 0.300kg과 molinate 0.750kg 이상이 되어야만 85% 이상 방제가(防除價)를 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 quinclorac과 molinate 조합처리(組合處理)에서 최소한의 상가적(相加的) 효과(效果)를 기대할 수 있었다. Quinclorac과 molinate 조합처리(組合處理)에서 각 단제(單劑)의 방제가(防除價)는 표준량(標準量)에서 각각 98.1%, 61.7%로서 두 약제간(藥劑間) 대등(對等)한 정도의 방제력(防除力)을 보였으며 조합처리(組合處理)에 있어서도 Quinclorac 0.150kg만 처리하고 propanil의 모든 처리수준(處理水準)이 첨가(添加)됨으로써 85% 이상의 방제가(防除價)를 보였다. 따라서 quinclorac과 propanil의 조합(組合)에서 부분적(部分的)으로 협력적(協力的)인 상호작용(相互作用)이 있었다. 결국 quinclorac 사용량(使用量) 감소(減少)를 위한 조합중(組合中) quinclorac과 propanil의 조합(組合)이 quinclorac과 molinate의 조합(組合)보다 더 협력적(協力的)인 상호작용(相互作用)을 나타냈다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 사용 후 태양광 셀을 HCl 용액 및 초음파세척기의 cavitation효과를 사용하여 셀 표면의 불순물(Al, Zn, Ag 등)을 제거하여 Si을 선택적으로 회수하기 위한 최적 공정 조건을 찾기 위한 연구를 진행하였다. 태양광 셀에서 Si을 선택적으로 회수 하기 위해 HCl 용액 및 초음파세척기를 사용하여 침출을 진행하였고, 반응이 끝난 태양광 셀은 증류수로 세척 후 건조 오븐에 건조를 실시하였고, 반응된 HCl 용액은 감압 여과 실시 후 여과된 용액은 ICP-Full Scan 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 건조 된 태양광 셀은 유발을 사용하여 파쇄 후 XRD, XRF, 및 ICP-OES 분석을 실시하였으며, 이를 통해 Si의 순도 및 회수율을 알 수 있었다. 실험은 산용액 농도, 반응 온도, 반응 시간, 초음파 세기를 변수로 두고 실험을 진행하였다. 위 과정을 통해 최종적으로 태양광 셀로부터 Si을 선택적으로 회수하기 위한 최적 공정 조건은 산용액 농도 3M HCl, 반응 온도 60℃, 반응 시간 120min, 초음파 세기 150W인것을 알 수 있었고, 최종적으로 Si의 순도는 99.85%, 회수율은 99.24%로 측정되었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1999

Fenoxaprop-ethyl계 화합물의 amide 형태로 합성된 기질로써 일련의 2-(4-(6-chloro-2-benzoxazolyloxy)phenoxy)-N-phenylpropionamide 유도체들은 건답에서 발아 후 (post), 벼와 피 (Echinochloa crus-galli)에 대하여 Fenoxaprop-ethyl 보다 비교적 양호한 선택성을 나타내었으며 N-phenyl 치환체들의 선택성에 관한 구조-활성과의 관계 (SAR)를 Free-Wilson 방법과 Hansch 방법을 이용하여 정량적으로 검토하였다. 피의 제초활성에는 N-phenyl 고리상 meta-치환된 1 치환체들과 ortho, meta, para-치환된 3 치환체로서 methyl 및 methoxy 등의 치환체들이 비교적 높게 기여하였다. 또한 적정값 ($({\pi})_{opt.}=1.60$)의 소수성을 갖는 전자 밀게 (${\sigma}<0$)들의 공명효과 (R<0)가 제초활성을 개선하는데 영향을 미치고 있음을 알았다. 벼의 경우에는 para-치환된 1-치환체나 ortho, para-치환된 2-치환체로써 Taft의 입체효과 (Es)에 대한 적정값 ($(ES)_{opt.}=0.87$)을 벗어나는 전자 밀게에 의한 공명효과 (R<0)가 약해를 줄이기 위한 조건이었으며 벼와 피 사이의 선택성에 기여하는 물리-화학적인 요인이었다. 그리고 SAR식에 따라 온실 내에서 피에 대하여 가장 큰 활성을 나타내는 화합물은 2-ethoxy-3-methoxy-4-dimethylamino 치환체 ($pI_{50}$=6.60, 1g/ha)로 예상되었다.