• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1983

This experiment was undertaken to see whether dopamine has any effect on a uterine function and whether the uterus has a dopamine receptor. We used 14 female rats in the diestrus state which was identified by a vaginal smear. Under ether anesthesia, 3 pieces(1 cm length) from each side of the uterus were dissected out and mounted in 3 tissue chambers (4 cm diameter, 10 cm height) that contained Krebs-Ringer solution. The solution was continuously aerated with 95% $O_2$ containing 5% $CO_2$ and kept $37^{\circ}C$ consistantly during the whole experimental period. The spontaneous contractile activity of the isolated uterus was recorded using a force transducer. After a recovery period of 15 min in the chamber, the following experiments were carried out. In 7 rats, each piece of the uterus was received dopamine at concentrations of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$ or $10^{-6}\;M$ for 10 min and then followed by domperidone at a concentration of $10^{-5}\;M$. In another 7 rats, each piece was received domperidone, a specific peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist, was administered at a concentration of $10^{-5}\;M$ for 5 min prior to dopamine at concentrations of $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$, or $10^{-6}\;M$. Dopamine inhibited the spontaneous uterine contraction dose-dependently (r=0.99, p<.01). The inhibited contractility by dopomine was significantly (P<.05) resumed by post-treatment of domperidone. Pre-treatment of domperidone also blocked significantly(p<.05) the inhibitory effect of dopamine. It is concluded from these results that dopamine has inhibitory role upon the spontaneous uterine contraction of the rat in the diestrus state and domperidone antagonized the inhibitory effect of dopamine. These results suggest strongly that dopamine may exert the inhibitory effect via the dopamine receptor in the rat uterus.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.385-392
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• 2006

Paclitaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of human solid tumors. Multicellular resistance(MCR) is considered to be a major mechanism of resistance of human solid tumors to chemotherapeutic agent such as paclitaxel, which includes barriers to drug penetration through tumor tissues. Multicellular layers(MCL) cultures resemble in vivo tumor condition in terms of MCR and has been used successfully to produce clinically relevant data. In the present study, we evaluated the penetration characteristics and post-penetration anti-proliferative activity of paclitaxel using MCL of human colorectal cancer cells(DLD-1 and HT-29) grown in Transwell inserts. The penetration of $[^{14}C]-paclitaxel$ was slower than that of mannitol which penetrates via paracellular pathway in DLD-1 MCL. The penetration of $[^{14}C]-paclitaxel$ was faster in HT-29 MCL compared to DLD-1 MCL, i.e., at 10 ${\mu}M$ 100% and 40% penetration were observed after 48 hr incubation for HT-29 and DLD-1 cells, respectively. When calculated using anti-proliferative activity in the conditioned media of bottom chamber, the penetration after 24 hr was very limited(less than 50%) and concentration-dependent at the concentrations tested in both MCL's. These results suggest that limited and differential penetration of paclitaxel in tumor tissues may contribute to lower and differential efficacy against human solid tumors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.2473-2481
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• 2015

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death worldwide. The prognosis for advanced colorectal cancers remains dismal, mainly due to the propensity for metastatic progression. Accordingly, there is a need for effective anti-metastasis therapeutic agents. Since a great body of research has indicated anticancer effects for curcumin, we investigated the effects of dendrosomal curcumin (DNC) on cellular migration and adhesion of human SW480 cells and possible molecular mechanisms involved. Different methods were applied in this study including MTT, Scratch and adhesion assays as well as real-time PCR and transwell chamber assays. Based on the results obtained, DNC inhibits metastasis by decreasing Hef 1, Zeb 1 and Claudin 1 mRNA levels and can reduce SW480 cell proliferation with $IC_{50}$values of 15.9, 11.6 and $7.64{\mu}M$ at 24, 48 and 72h post-treatment. Thus it might be considered as a safe formulation for therapeutic purpose in colorectal cancer cases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of beverage temperature and composition on weight retention and fluid balance upon voluntary drinking following exercise induced-dehydration. Eight men who were not acclimated to heat participated in four randomly ordered testing sessions. In each session, the subjects ran on a treadmill in a chamber maintained at $37^{\circ}C$ without being supplied fluids until 2% body weight reduction was reached. After termination of exercise, they recovered for 90 min under ambient air conditions and received one of the following four test beverages: $10^{\circ}C$ water (10W), $10^{\circ}C$ sports drink (10S), $26^{\circ}C$ water (26W), and $26^{\circ}C$ sports drink (26S). They consumed the beverages ad libitum. The volume of beverage consumed and body weight were measured at 30, 60, and 90 min post-recovery. Blood samples were taken before and immediately after exercise as well as at the end of recovery in order to measure plasma parameters and electrolyte concentrations. We found that mean body weight decreased by 1.8-2.0% following exercise. No differences in mean arterial pressure, plasma volume, plasma osmolality, and blood electrolytes were observed among the conditions. Total beverage volumes consumed were $1,164{\pm}388$, $1,505{\pm}614$, $948{\pm}297$, and $1,239{\pm}401$ ml for 10W, 10S, 26W, and 26S respectively ($P$ > 0.05). Weight retention at the end of recovery from dehydration was highest in 10S ($1.3{\pm}0.7kg$) compared to 10W ($0.4{\pm}0.5kg$), 26W ($0.4{\pm}0.4kg$), and ($0.6{\pm}0.4kg$) ($P$ < 0.005). Based on these results, carbohydrate/electrolyte-containing beverages at cool temperature were the most favorable for consumption and weight retention compared to plain water and moderate temperature beverages.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2017

A five-year-old, male, Great Dane weighing 107 kg was presented with anorexia, abdominal distension, and dyspnea for 5 days. Physical examination, blood works, radiography, electrocardiography (ECG), and echocardiography were performed. Based on severely low fractional shortening (FS) and marked four chamber enlargement in echocardiography, continuous atrial fibrillation and occasional ventricular premature complex (VPC) on ECG, the dog was diagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) concurrent with congestive heart failure. Pleural effusion and ascites were modified transudate. In accordance with DCM scoring system recommended by European Society of Veterinary Cardiology (ESVC), DCM score was 13/15 in this case. Concentrations of cTnI and NT-pro-BNP were 1.0 ng/mL and 693 pmol/L, respectively. Since the former and the latter were remarkably high values, it was certain that the patient had grave prognosis. Intensive care was performed for the dog and the clinical signs as well as the radiographic abnormalities were resolved. However, when he presented serious dyspnea again at 25 days post therapy, the dog was dead. In case of canine DCM, the scoring system for the diagnosis and cardiac biomarkers including NT-pro-BNP and cTnI could be useful to advise owners on the status and prognosis of their dog with DCM.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.386-391
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• 2015

PURPOSE. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate the effects of adding 4,4'-bis(N,N-diethylamino) benzophenone (DEABP) as a co-initiator to a binary photoinitiating system (camphorquinone-amine) to analyze on the degree of conversion (DC) of a light-cured resin for dental 3D printing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cylindrical specimens (N=60, n=30 per group, ${\phi}5mm{\times}1mm$) were fabricated using bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) both with and without DEABP. The freshly mixed resins were exposed to light in a custom-made closed chamber with nine light-emitting diode lamps (wavelength: 405 nm; power: $840mW/cm^2$) for polymerization at each incidence of light-irradiation at 10, 30, 60, 180, and 300 seconds, while five specimens at a time were evaluated at each given irradiation point. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to measure the DC values of the resins. Two-way analysis of variance and the Duncan post hoc test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between the groups and given times (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. In the DEABP-containing resin, the DC values were significantly higher at all points in time (P<.001), and also the initial polymerization velocity was faster than in the DEABP-free resin. CONCLUSION. The addition of DEABP significantly enhanced the DC values and, thus, could potentially become an efficient photoinitiator when combined with a camphorquinone-amine system and may be utilized as a more advanced photopolymerization system for dental 3D printing.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2007

Hydroxyproline (HYP) is a post-translational product of proline hydroxylation catalyzed by an enzyme prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) which plays a crucial role in the synthesis of all collagens. Considering the role of collagen and its significance in many clinically important diseases such as liver fibrosis, a great deal of attention has been directed toward the development of an assay at cell-based system. The reason is that cell-based assay system is more efficient than enzyme-based in vitro system and takes much less time than in vivo system. Several assay procedures developed for P4H are laborious, time-consuming and not feasible for the massive-screening. Here, we report the cell-based assay method of prolyl 4-hydroxylase in immortalized rat hepatic stellate HSC-T6 cells. To optimize the cell culture condition to assay for HYP content, various concentrations of reagents were treated for different times in HSC-T6 cells. Our data showed that the treatment with ascorbate in a hypoxic condition for 24 h resulted in the maximal increase of HYP by 1.8 fold. Alternatively, cobalt chloride ($5\;{\mu}M$) and ascorbate ($50\;{\mu}M$) in normoxic states exhibited similar effect on the production of HYP as in a hypoxic condition. Therefore, cobalt chloride can be substituted for a hypoxic condition when an anaerobic chamber is not available. Rosiglitazone and HOE077, known as inhibitors of collagen, synthesis decreased P4H enzyme activity by 32.3% and 15%, respectively, which coincided with previous reports from liver tissues. The level of the smooth muscle ${\alpha}$-actin, a marker of activated stellate cells, was significantly increased under hypoxia, suggesting that our experimental condition could work for screening the anti-fibrotic compounds. The assay procedure took only 3 days after treatment with agents, while assays from the primary stellate cells or liver tissues have taken several weeks. Considering the time and expenses, this assay method could be useful to screen the compounds for the inhibitor of prolyl 4-hydroxylase.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2015

Purpose: The balance between miscanthus production and its cost effectiveness depends greatly on its moisture content during post processing. The objective of this research was to measure the moisture content using a non-destructive and non-contact methodology for in situ applications. Methods: The moisture content of comminuted miscanthus was controlled using a closed chamber, a humidifier, a precision weigher, and a real-time monitoring software developed in this research. A CMOS sensor equipped with $50{\times}$ magnifier lens was used to capture magnified images of the conditioned materials with moisture content level from 5 to 30%. The hypothesis is that when light is incident on the comminuted particles in an inclined manner, higher moisture content results in light being reflected with a higher intensity. Results: A linear regression analysis for an initiative hypothesis based on general histogram analysis yielded insufficient correlations with low significance level (<0.31) for the determination coefficient. A significant relationship (94% confidence level) was determined at level 108 in a reverse accumulative histogram proposed based on a revised hypothesis. A linear regression model with the value at level 108 in the reverse accumulative histogram for a magnified image as the independent variable and the moisture content of comminuted miscanthus as the dependent variable was proposed as the estimation model. The calibrated linear regression model with a slope of 92.054 and an offset of 32.752 yielded 0.94 for the determination coefficient (RMSE = 0.2%). The validation test showed a significant relationship at the 74% confidence level with RMSE 6.4% (n = 36). Conclusions: To compensate the inconsistent significance between calibration and validation, an estimation model robust against various systematic interferences is necessary. The economic efficiency of miscanthus, which is a promising energy resource, can be improved by the real-time measurement of its crucial material properties.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.585-591
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate of the color change, tooth surface and intra-pulpal temperature of tooth bleaching by light activation Methods : Forty-eight extracted bovine teeth were immersed into a tea solution for 24 hours. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups(n=15):(G1) 15% HP + without light activation, (G2) 15% HP + light activation, (G3) 25% HP + without light activation, (G4) 25% HP + light activation. All specimens were bleached for 15 minutes three times. The spectrophotometer (CM-2600d, Konica Minolta, Osaka, Japan) was used including before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the end of bleaching. The temperature rise were measured in the pulpal chamber and tooth surface with a digital thermocouple thermometer(Termopar Digital Multimeter, Tektronix DMM916, USA). Between the tested time points, the specimens were stored in distilled water. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and Tukey's post hoc test set at 0.05. Results : There was no significant color change by the use of light after the bleaching treatment(p>0.05). The dental bleaching treatments of teeth with 15% HP and 25% HP did not seem to be more effective when light source was used. There was no difference in color stability between groups within three month(p>0.05). There was an increase in tooth surface and pulp temperature, but it was not sufficient to cause damage to the pulp. Conclusions :The use of light activation has no obvious effective impact on the tooth bleaching effect.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.355-364
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• 2001

In order to evaluate and finally optimize the vitrification condition for combustible dry active waste (DAW), dust and gas generation characteristics were investigated for PE, cellulose, and mixed waste Tests were conducted by varying the operation variables such as melter configuration, excess oxygen amount, and waste feeding rate. Results showed that dust generation characteristics were affected by the operation parameters and the melter＇s configuration is the dominant one. For all tested DAWs, dust generation was reduced by increasing the waste feeding rate and the excessive oxygen amount in the melter. Among waste types, dust amount was decreased by the order of mixed wastes, PE, and cellulose. Other parameters such as temperature variation and operation time have also affected the dust generation. The optimum condition for the DAW vitrification was determined as the melter＇s configuration equipped for minimizing the waste dispersion with 20 kg/h of waste feeding rate and 100% of excessive oxygen supply. CO gas concentration in the off-gas was immediately influenced by the combustion state in the melter, but showed similar trend as the dust generation. For the NOx production during the vitrification process, thermal NOx, which is generated from the Post Combustion Chamber (PCC), rather than fuel NOx was assumed to be dominant. The gas cleaning of efficiencies of the PCC, wet scrubber, and Selective Catalytic Reduction system (SCR) were found to be high enough to keep the concentration of pollutants (CO, NOx, SOx, HCI) in the stack below their relevant emission limits.