• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1021-1026
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• 1990

The patients with tracheal stenosis have become more increasing in recent due to the increased use of tracheostomy and assisted ventilation Anesthetic management during tracheal reconstruction is a concern to the anesthetist and the surgeon, who must share the airway as a operation field and at the same time provide good gas exchange. Multiple technique such as the tube ventilation system or C \ulcornerP bypass method have been recommended to achieve this goals. However, these methods have disadvantages of poor surgical exposure and hemorrhagic complication from using C \ulcornerP bypass The technique for HFJV was first described for bronchoscopy, and it involves positive-pressure breathing with high flow[40 \ulcorner60L/min] of oxygen This flow is directed to a semirigid catheter inserted in the endotracheal tube and the tracheal reconstruction can be done without interruption. From Dec. 1986 to July 1990 we have experienced 6 patients of tracheal stenosis necessitating circumferential resection and end to end anastomosis; 5 patients with tracheal stenosis following cuffed tracheostomy or intubation, a patient with tracheal stenosis due to invasive thyroid cancer. The specific advantages during tracheal reconstruction are unobstructed field during surgical reconstruction and good gas exchange through the procedure.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2003

Sleep apnea syndrome is a common clinical disorder characterized by intermittent cessation of airflow at nose and mouth during sleep. The clinical significance of this syndrome is that it is one of the most common causes of excessive daytime sleepiness. It can also cause neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular complications. The standard for diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome is nocturnal polysomnography. Because polysomnography is a time-consuming and expensive test, many efforts have been made to replace polysomnography with a simpler system of monitoring, but no method has yet been approved as a definitive investigation method. The goals of treatment for this syndrome are to eliminate excessive daytime sleepiness and to reduce the risk of possible cardiovascular complications. Continuous positive airway pressure is the most definite and widely accepted treatment for achieving these goals. Other treatments such as surgical treatment, oral appliances, and behavioral therapy may be useful for selected patients who are mildly affected.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

Approximately 1% to 3% of all children have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). OSAS in children can lead to a variety of symptoms and sequalae; impairment of development and quality of life, behavioral and personality disturbance, learning problem, cor pulmonale and hypertension. Diagnosis and treatment of OASA for children are different from those for adults in many respects. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is major cause of childhood OSAS. Overnight polysomnography in a sleep laboratory is the gold standard for diagnosing childhood OSAS. However, because full polysomnography in children may be difficult to obtain, expensive, and inconvenient, other methods to diagnose OSAS have been investigated. Adenotonsillectomy is the most common surgical treatment of childhood OSAS. But if residual symptoms remained after adenotonsillectomy, it should be considered to additional treatment such as weight control, sleep positional change, and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2012

In the two-band excitation (TBE) model, maximum voiced frequency (MVF) is the most important feature of the excitation parameter because the synthetic speech quality depends on MVF. Thus, this paper proposes an enhanced MVF estimation scheme based on the peak picking method. In the proposed scheme, the local peak and the peak lobe are picked from the spectrum of a linear predictive residual signal. The normalized distance between neighboring peak lobes is calculated and utilized as a feature to estimate MVF. Experimental results of both objective and subjective tests show that the proposed scheme improves synthetic speech quality compared with that of the conventional one.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 1997

Sleep-related breathing disorders, especially sleep apnea syndrome are complicated by neuropsychiatric dysfunction such as excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction, and depression. As the determinants of daytime sleepiness, sleep fragmentation is more influential than nocturnal hypoxia. Daytime sleepiness can be improved by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or surgery in up to 95% of the treated subjects. Both sleepiness and nocturnal hypoxia would cause cognitive dysfunction. While impairments in attention and verbal memory are more related with sleepiness and prominent in mild to moderate sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), impairments in general intellectual function and executive function are more related with nocturnal hypoxia and prominent in severe SAS. Several cognitive deficits related with nocturnal hypoxia may be irreversible despite CPAP or surgical treatments. So, early detection and early appropriate treatment of SAS would prevent sleepiness and cognitive deterioration.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2007

Sleep disordered breathing is highly prevalent in the elderly and affects older men and women similarly. Nocturia, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive impairment, traffic accidents and repeated falls are common manifestations of sleep apnea in the elderly and sleep study may be indicated in these patients. When a sleep study is planned, reliable markers of respiratory efforts and a tibial EMG should be included because central sleep apneas and periodic leg movements are common in the elderly patients. Although cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seem to be lower in the elderly than in middle-aged adults, these may not be as low as commonly believed. Excessive daytime sleepiness, cognitive dysfunction and nocturia can be improved by effective treatment with continuous positive airway pressure and a therapeutic trial should be recommended to all symptomatic patients. It is still unclear whether sleep apnea in older adults is a specific entity or the same disease as in younger adults. Further clinical research is warranted.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.270-278
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• 2019

Oral appliances therapy is becoming increasingly recognized as a successful treatment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). Compared with continuous positive airway pressure(CPAP), the gold standard therapy for OSA, oral appliance therapy are less efficacious for severe OSA but are more acceptable and tolerable for patients, which in turn, may lead to a comparable level of therapeutic effectiveness. Nevertheless, the various side effects of oral appliance therapy, such as, increased salivation or dryness, pain or discomfort in the teeth or gums, occlusal discomfort in the morning, temporomandibular disorders, dental and occlusal changes may cause discontinuation of treatment or changes in treatment plan. Therefore, oral appliance therapy should be provided by a qualified dentist who can evaluate oral tissues, occlusion, and temporomandibular joints, and prevent and manage the possible side effects.

• Journal of Sleep Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.43-47
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• 2018

Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in people with epilepsy (PWE), and confers medical and seizure-related consequences when untreated. Positive airway pressure, the gold-standard for OSA management, is limited by tolerability. As serotonin is involved respiratory control and amelioration of seizure-induced respiratory events, this study aims to determine whether serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) may represent a potential therapeutic option. Methods: A retrospective study of 100 PWE and OSA ${\geq}18$ years of age was conducted. The primary outcome measure was OSA severity as function of SRI use, with rapid eye movement (REM)-related OSA as a secondary outcome. Results: Older age and depression were more common in those taking an SRI. There was no association between SRIs and OSA severity. However, the SRI group was less likely to have REM-related OSA. Conclusions: In PWE and OSA, SRI use is associated with reduced risk of REM-related OSA, and may represent a potential management strategy.

• 항공우주의학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2018

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) can lead to severe complications if left untreated, and therefore should be adequately diagnosed and treated, especially in airline workers. The aviation medical examiner (AME) should induce the patient to cooperate for the diagnosis and treatment of OSAS, by notifying the subject that it does not cause disqualification of the air service and that it is a disease that can be sufficiently controlled and treated by various treatment options. AME should also warn about medical complications and the possibility of serious air accident risks when untreated, and encourage the subject to receive appropriate diagnosis and steady treatment such as continuous positive airway pressure and/or surgical treatment.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2000

목 적: 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증은 일반인구의 $2{\sim}5%$ 정도에서 발견될 정도로 흔한 질환이며, 특히 심혈관계 질환이 병발되는 경우가 많아 치료의 중요성이 점차 증가되고 있는 질환이다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증과 심혈관계 질환간의 관계는 명확하지 않으나 자율신경계가 매개 작용을 할 것으로 추정되고 있다. 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에서의 교감신경계 활성도가 증가되어 있다는 연구들이 이를 뒷받침 해준다. 또한, 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 치료 방법인 지속적 상기도 양압술이 자율신경계를 변화시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나, 현재까지 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자에서 지속적 상기도 양압술 치료 전후에 자율신경계의 변화를 측정한 연구는 많지 않으며, 결과도 일정하지 않다. 본 논문에서는 스펙트럼 분석 방법을 사용하여 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 환자의 심전도를 분석함으로써 지속적 상기도 양압술 전후의 자율신경계 변화를 고찰하였다. 방 법: 임상적으로 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증이 의심되어 수면 다원검사실에 의뢰된 환자들 중 병력청취, 이학적 / 신경학적검사와 야간 수면다원검사 시행결과 수면무호흡증으로 진단 된 17명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 기본 측정일과 지속적 상기도 양압술 시행일 모두 디지털 수면다원검사기로 기록을 저장하였으며, 양압술 시행일에는 무호흡 해소를 위한 처방압력을 결정하기 위한 목적으로 수면다원기록 시행 전 시간에 걸쳐 양압술을 시행하였다. 수면다원기록 판독은 국제판독기준에 따랐다. 그후 기본 측정일과 양압술 시행일 각각의 2단계 수면, 렘수면에서 잡음이 없는 300개의 연속된 심박동 기록을 선택하였다. 이를 대상으로 한 스펙트럼 분석에서 VLF(very low frequency) power, LF(low frequency) power, HF(high frequency) power, LHR(LF/HF ratio) 값을 산출하였다. 그리고, 심박동 변량(R-R variance)과 심박동 평균값도 산출하였다. 기본 측정일과 양압술 시행일 모두에서 수면다원기록과 동시에 혈중산소포화도($SaO_2$)도 측정하여 비교하였다. 제 변인의 값은 Wilcoxon signed ranks test로 통계 처리하였다. 결 과: 모든 대상군에서 양압술 시행으로 무호흡이 해소되었다. 양압술 시행일의 2단계 수면에서 기본 측정일의 2단계 수면에 비해 VLF power(p<0.05), LF power(p<0.01) 그리고 R-R variance(p<0.05)가 감소하였다. 렘수면의 LF power도 감소하였다(p<0.05). 최저 혈중산소포화도(p<0.01)와 평균 혈중산소포화도(p<0.01)의 증가도 관찰되었다. HF power, LHR, 심박동 변량 그리고 심박동 평균값의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 본 연구에서는 처방압력 결정을 위한 양압술 시도 중에도 교감신경계 활성도가 즉각적으로 감소하는 것을 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에서 관찰할 수 있었다. 부교감신경계의 활성도 변화는 유의하게 나타나지 않았으며, 이는 수면무호흡증에서 나타나는 혈동력학적인 변화가 교감신경계의 활성도의 증가와 관련이 있을 가능성을 시사해준다. 지속적 상기도 양압술을 처음 사용하는 날부터 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증 환자에서 즉각적이고 효율적으로 교감신경계 활성도가 감소하는 결과를 고려할 때, 임상적으로는 지속적 상기도 양얍술을 장기간 적용시 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증의 치료 뿐 만 아니라, 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에서 병발하는 심혈관계 질환을 예방하고 치료에 도움을 줄 가능성도 시사된다.