• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.115-125
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• 2012

In this study, The adoption factors of IT Outsourcing as a independent variables (business Factors, Outsourcing scope factors and risks factors), which were centered on services industries, were analyzed in order to identify the impacts of the results factors of IT outsourcing as a dependent variables. The main results of study have been summarized as follows. Firstly, among the business factors in the adoption of IT outsourcing, the industrial competitiveness and supports of CEO appeared to have positive impacts on the results of outsourcing adoption. However the environmental changes in technologics for services appeared not to have significant impacts. Secondly, the outsourcing scope factors such as the infra outsourcing, application outsourcing and total outsourcing appeared to have positive impacts on the results of IT outsourcing adoption. Thirdly, the control of risk factors such as risk in safety management, risk of increase, and risk of loss of autonomy appeared to have positive impacts on the results of IT outsourcing adoption.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aimed to investigate the effects of customer relationship quality and perceived power on complaint behaviors in a context of service failures in a restaurant. Two different types of complaint behaviors were employed: personal complaining that disappointed customers directly approach to a service manager and public complaining that customers ask for related institutions, like consumer protection organization, for help. This study also examined the moderation effects of brand reputation on the relationships between customer perceived power and two types of complaint behaviors. Research design, data, and methodology - The author developed a structural model in which customer relationship quality is proposed to affect customer perceived power, thus influencing personal and public complaint behaviors. The model also includes the moderating role of brand reputation; the effect of customer perceived power on two types of complaint behaviors becomes stronger when brand reputation is high. To analyze the research model, a survey based on a scenario regarding the contexts of service failures in a restaurant was conducted toward 126 female college students. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 21.0 were utilized to test the hypotheses. Results - The findings are as follows. First, customers who had positive relationships with a restaurant are more likely to perceive that they have strong power to influence the service provider. Second, customer perceived power had a significant and positive effect on both personal and public complaint behaviors. Finally, when the brand reputation for a restaurant is high, dissatisfied customers who think they can exercise influence to the restaurant complain more actively toward the service provider. Conclusions - The findings of this study are against the traditional viewpoint on customer loyalty that loyal customers compared respond more generously to the mistakes of a company, but consistent with the 'love becomes hate' effect proposed by Grégoire, Tripp, and Legoux(2009). In complaining contexts, companies should manage customers with positive and strong relationship more carefully and strategically to prevent the expansion of economic and social risks from customers' complaining behaviors. This is more significant for companies with strong brand reputations.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the available literature on the correlation between the gray values (GVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the Hounsfield units (HUs) of computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density. Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS for studies published through September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies that analyzed the correlations GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT were included in this review. The review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. A quantitative analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results: The literature search identified a total of 5,955 studies, of which 14 studies were included for the qualitative analysis and 2 studies for the quantitative analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT. Out of the 14 studies, 100% had low risks of bias for the domains of patient selection, index test, and reference standards, while 95% of studies had a low risk of bias for the domain of flow and timing. The fixed-effects meta-analysis performed for Pearson correlation coefficients between CBCT and CT showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.669; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.836; P<0.05). Conclusion: The available evidence showed a positive correlation between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.81-96
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• 2021

Purpose: Based on the preceding studies in supply chain management, factors were analyzed to verify the effect of risk assessment and risk management factors of the business continuity management system (BCMS) on management performance. The purpose of this study is to establish a systematic risk management plan by deriving the risk factors of BCMS and evaluating unpredictable risks, and at the same time, contributing to a company's competitive advantage without interruption of work. Method: The structural relationship between risk assessment, risk management and management performance of BCMS was derived. To this end, a questionnaire survey was conducted of 124 managers and managers in Korean companies. Frequency analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and simple regression analysis were performed. Result: First, risk assessment had a positive (+) effect on risk management. Second, risk management had a positive (+) effect on management performance. Finally, risk assessment had a positive (+) effect on management performance. Conclusion: BCMS's risk assessment and risk management capabilities should be managed through financial performance, and risk management activities should be managed through non-financial performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.233-245
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to investigate the psychological well-being of Pilates class participants and their intention to continue exercising by examining the passion for leisure of Pilates participants who continue to exercise while taking risks during COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects were 285 Pilates participants. For data processing, SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used, and frequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlation analysis were conducted. In addition, path analysis was SEM and the bootstrapping method was used to examine the mediating effect of psychological well-being in the relationship between the passion for leisure and intention to continue exercising. First, passionate behavior had a positive effect on psychological well-being. Second, passionate behavior had a positive effect on exercise continuity. Third, psychological well-being had a positive effect on exercise continuity. Fourth, psychological well-being played a partial mediating role in the relationship between passionate behavior and exercise continuity.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

Purpose - Using a sample of Korean multinational corporations, we examine whether the relationship between tax risk and the implied cost of capital discriminates between the environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) of highly rated firms. Design/methodology - Firms with high tax risks have an increased uncertainty of future cash flows. Therefore, as the volatility of future cash flow increases, information asymmetry and the required return increases. Highly rated ESG firms can reduce information asymmetry, thereby weakening the positive relationship between tax risk and cost of capital. We employ the standard deviation of the cash effective tax rate as proxy of tax risk. We utilize the ESG rating data of the Korea Corporate Governance Service (KCGS). We use a PEG model, MPEG model, and GM model to measure the implied cost of capital. Findings - We find a positive association between the implied cost of capital and tax risk. The positive relationship between tax risk and the implied cost of capital weakens in highly rated ESG firms. Highly rated ESG firms prefer a stable tax position to invest after-tax cash flows into sustainable management. Therefore, the negative effects of tax risk on cost of capital can be reduced. Originality/value - This study provides empirical evidence that ESG activities can mitigate the negative impact of tax risk on the cost of capital for Korean multinational corporations. In a business environment where ESG activities are more important, the empirical results that ESG activities can reduce the corporate risk of Korean FDI companies are expected to provide implications for the ESG activities of multinational corporations.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.573-582
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• 2023

Objectives: For students with epilepsy, schools are a critical environment for managing the disease properly. This study examined awareness of epilepsy, attitudes toward epilepsy, and health literacy among school teachers in Turkey. Methods: This study was conducted in a city in Turkey with 1408 public school teachers from June 2021 to September 2021. Results: The median scores of the scales were 5, 29, and 32 for epilepsy awareness, epilepsy attitudes, and health literacy, respectively. Epilepsy awareness was higher in women, and epilepsy attitudes were more positive in women than men (p<0.05). While epilepsy awareness was higher in primary school teachers, epilepsy attitudes were more positive in secondary school teachers (p<0.05). Epilepsy awareness was lower in secondary school teachers (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; p<0.05), those who did not have an individual with epilepsy in their family/social environment (OR, 1.57; p<0.001), those who did not have a student with epilepsy in their class (OR, 1.45; p<0.05), and in those who had not witnessed an epilepsy seizure (OR,1.19; p<0.05). Compared to those with positive attitudes regarding epilepsy, epilepsy awareness was 1.36 times lower in those with negative attitudes (p<0.001). Epilepsy awareness was 1.92 times lower in those with limited health literacy than those with adequate health literacy (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, low epilepsy awareness, negative epilepsy attitudes, and limited health literacy were common among teachers. The findings from this study suggest that panels, workshops, and health training on epilepsy should be organized for school teachers and included at regular intervals in certified first-aid practices.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.483-491
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• 2017

This study investigates the perception of the general public through analysis of various potential risk factors reflecting nuclear power generation and nuclear power (radiation) and risks. A total of 293 copies of the data were collected from various strata in Busan. As a result, among the potential factors in everyday life, there was a high awareness of the risk to the fire. Next, the perception of risk for radiation terror and nuclear (nuclear) energy was relatively high compared to other risk factors. In the analysis according to age, educational background, and political ideological tendency, the results were contradictory to the necessity, risk and safety of nuclear power generation. The potential risk factors and the perception of nuclear power according to the tendency of political ideology were analyzed to be positive recognition of conservative ideology and negative recognition of progressive group. In other words, the perception of nuclear power was analyzed differently according to the tendency of political ideology. Therefore, it should be decided to reflect the opinions of experts and various opinions of the general public in the setting of nuclear radiation (radiation), it is believed that ordinary people need to take flexible action without having a vague sense of anxiety about various potential risks and nuclear power (radiation) based on objective and scientific grounds.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-58
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to find out the impacts of VTS on the marine safety and users' opinion on the VTS which have been being operated in the port of Pohang for the last 3 years and is to suggest a guideline to the successful operation of VTS in the future. This study is based upon the questionnaire survey and the respondents include 236 masters/mates of merchant vessels who have visited the port of Pohang and 6 pilots who have been working in the port. From the questionnaire results, this study notes the following conclusions related to the VTS operations. (1) A few of the respondents (mainly foreigners) do not understand the entering procedure of the port and the fundamental concept of VTS. Accordingly, the more active VTS services have to be provided for the mariners. (2) It was found that themost dangerous factors in tehvicinity of the port were the floating materials, fishing nets, andillegal fishing activities inthe fairway. Therefore, the proper surveillance, stricter enforcement of Acts and the instructive education for the fishermen are required to avoid the risks. (3) A majority of the respondents agreed the VTS has contributed to the safety of vessel traffic, and they pointed out ' the assiatances in reduced visibililty conditions' is the most important task of VTS. The amount of 75.6% of the respondents answered that they have experienced the assistance from VTS more than 1 time since the system was established in the port of Pohang . Also 44.2% of the respondents considered they were able to avoid marine casualties such as collision, ramming or agrounding with the VTS assistances. (4) 49.2% of the respondents preferred the passive information services , while, 38.8% of them preferred the positive control advices in the case of encountering any potential risks. VTS iperators have to consider seriously when they provide the positive control advices of ship's course and speed. (5) A majority of the respondents confirmed that the prot and its approaches is suitable for the VTS coverge . To extend the service areas of the VTS and to improve radar detecting ability, the use of radar transponders are seen as the ideal method. (6) A minority of the respondents pointed out 'the improper orders or recommendatinos caused by the poor decision making' firstly, ' the language problem(sea-speaking in English)' secondly, as the deficiency of personal qualification. It seems, therefore, theat the personal efforts of the operators and systematic training programmes for them are necessary to solve the problems.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.555-566
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• 2015

Socially responsible activities done by the food-service companies increase corporate their competitiveness and can be used as a marketing strategy for the preparation for their future corporate image through positive word of consumer mouth. Food-service companies will lose competitiveness if they overlook socially responsible activities, which risks their long term sustainability. For one month, June 1 to June 30, 2014, after explaining the purpose and validity to staff and customers, the researcher asked them to complete a questionnaire via Self-administered Questionnaire Survey Method and gathered it.532 questionnaires out of 540 were returned and, excluding 22 insincerely replied questionnaires, 510 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis of the research material. he summary analysis for the research hypotheses are as follows :First, socially responsible activities(economic, charity and environmnetal responsibility) had a positive(+) effect on corporate image. Second, socially responsible activities had a positive(+) effect on long-term orientation. Third, socially responsible activities had a positive (+) effect on word of mouth. This study is worthwhile because it empirically confirms that food-service companies carry out socially responsible activities. his study confirms that socially responsible activities and business operations that fulfill this responsibility can be used as a marketing strategy, which reveals consumers' value of social responsibility.