• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.1457-1467
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• 1998

The relationship between cognitive function and dietary patterns in Korean elderly women was investigated in this study. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall and cognitive function tests were performed in 170 elderly women aged over 60 years. Average age of the subjects was 71 years and the average number of family members was 3.3. Most of the subjects had less than seven years of education and their monthly income was much lower than the Korean average. Most of the subjects engaged in regular exercise and did not indulge in drinking and smoking. The average cognitive function score of the subjects was 58.4. Most of the subjects appeared to consume insufficient amount of food ; average intakes of energy, Ca, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin were lower than RDA for the elderly. Cognitive function score was positively related to education level and regularity of exercise. Also, cognitive function score had a strong relationship with food intake such as total amounts of foods, fish and shellfish, milk and dairy products, total animal food, fruit, bread and sugar. Energy, protein, Ca, p, riboflavin, and niacin were also shown to have positive relationships to cognitive function score, while carbohydrate caloric ratio had a negative relationship with cognitive function. According to the results of multiple regression analysis, factors that most influenced on cognitive function were education level and riboflavin intake. The subjects who had more than seven years of education had significantly higher cognitive function scores than those with no school education. And cognitive function scores f3r those who consumed more than 2/3 of the RDA for most nutrients were significantly higher than the ones fir the subjects who consumed less than 2/3 of the RDA. These results suggest that proper education and adequate nutrient intake in quantity and quality by achieving food diversity are essential in maintaining cognitive function in later life (Korean J Nutrition 31(9) : 1457-1467, 1998)

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.383-392
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• 2012

This paper reports the active vibration control of plates using a positive position feedback(PPF) controller with moment pair actuators. The equations of motion of the plates under a force and moment pairs are derived and the equations of PPF controllers are formulated. The numerical active control system is then achieved. The effect of the parameters - gain and damping ratio - of the PPF controllers on the open loop transfer function was investigated mainly in terms of the system stability. Increasing the gain of the PPF controller tuned at a mode, the magnitude of the open loop transfer function is increased at all frequencies without changing the phase behavior. The increase of the damping ratio of the PPF controller leads to decrease the magnitude of the open loop transfer function and to modify its phase characteristics, ie, system stability. Based on the behavior of the gain and the damping ratio of the controller, PPF controller for reduction of the plate vibration can be achieved. Two PPF controllers are designed with their connection in parallel to control the two modes simultaneously. Each PPF controller is tuned at the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ modes, respectively. Their parameters were determined to remain the system to be stable based on the results of the parametric study. A significant reduction in vibration at the tuned modes can be obtained.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

Purpose: Renal ultrasonography has been widely used in children with renal disease. However, the relationship of renal echogenicity with renal pathology and function in children is not well known. Method: Ultrasound examination was performed in 75 patients undergoing renal biopsy for suspected renal disease in Konkuk University Medical Center from August 2005 to November 2015. We compared renal echogenicity to pathologic findings and renal function. Renal echogenicity was scored as 0 to 2 by comparing adjacent liver echogenicity. Three histologic characteristics were evaluated: glomerular changes, interstitial infiltration or fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. These were graded as 0 to 3, according to increasing severity. Laboratory results included urine albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results: Among pathologic findings, renal echogenicity revealed a positive correlation with interstitial infiltration or fibrosis (r=0.259, P=0.025), and with tubular atrophy (r=0.268, P=0.02). Renal echogenicity and glomerular changes were not correlated. Renal echogenicity showed a positive correlation with microalbuminuria (r=0.283, P=0.014), but a negative correlation with eGFR (r=-0.352, P=0.002). Conclusion: Increased renal echogenicity suggested severe interstitial infiltration or fibrosis and tubular atrophy among the pathologic findings. Moreover, increased echogenicity is correlated with increased urine albumin excretion and decreased eGFR. Echogenicity on ultrasonography is useful for determining the status of renal pathology and function.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.922-934
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• 2013

This study investigates the motivations to purchase luxury brands by examining how individual characteristics (need for uniqueness, self-monitoring, and vanity) influence affective luxury brand attitudes and purchase intentions through two social function attitudes (self-expression attitude and self-presentation attitude) based on the functional theory of attitudes. On-line surveys were implemented and 314 consumers between the ages of 20 and 50 were recruited. Using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0, confirmatory factor analysis for measurements and structural equation modeling analysis for hypotheses testing were implemented. The results show that the need for uniqueness and self-monitoring by consumers have positive influences on self-expression and self-presentation attitudes toward luxury brands, respectively. The results indicate that the need by consumers for uniqueness motivates a self-expression attitude toward luxury brands and that the trait of self-monitoring motivates a self-presentation attitude toward luxury brands. Consumer vanity also positively influences both social function attitudes toward luxury brands. Self-expression and self-presentation attitudes toward luxury brands have positive influences on luxury brand purchase intentions through an affective attitude that facilitates a mediating role between two social function attitudes and the purchase intentions of consumers. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the formation process of Korean consumers' purchase intentions for luxury brands and the literature on the role of related variables (need for uniqueness, self-monitoring, vanity, self-expression, self-presentation, affective attitude, and purchase intention). The findings provide a theoretical background to launch a cross-cultural study. The conclusion discusses the practical implications and limitations.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.841-857
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• 2012

Preliminary ecological environmental assessments including physico-chemical constituents, water quality, fish fauna analysis, physical habitat health, and ecological health assessment were conducted as a primary step for Jeungchon micro-habitat ecosystem restoration in 2012. Water chemistry analysis of conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a and etc. indicated that there were no significant differences(p < 0.05) among 6 sites between the headwaters and downstream. Multi-metric model analysis of Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index(QHEI) showed that brooklets were at "good condition" as a mean QHEI of 158.7(n = 6) and the longitudinal differences of the model values between the sites were minor(QHEI range: 153 - 165). Total fish species and the number of individuals were 12 and 481, respectively, and dominant species were Zacco platypus(49.5%) and Zacco koreanus(36.8%). Tolerance guild analysis showed that the proportion of sensitive species($S_S$) had a negative linear function[$S_S=86.35-0.31(D_H)$; $R^2$ = 0.892, p < 0.01] with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of tolerant species($T_S$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.950, F = 90.28, p < 0.001) with the distance. Trophic feeding guild analysis showed that the proportion of insectivore species($I_n$) had a negative linear function($R^2$ = 0.934, p < 0.01) with a distance from the headwaters, while the proportion of omnivore species($O_m$) had a positive linear function($R^2$ = 0.958, p < 0.001) with the distance. Index of Biological Integrity(IBI) model, based on fish assemblages, showed a "fair condition" as a mean IBI of 23(n = 6), and there was a distinct differences of ecological health between the headwaters(S1 = 30; "good condition") and the downstreams(S6 = 14; "poor condition"). Overall, the preliminary environmental impact assessments suggest that water quality, physical habitat conditions(QHEI model), and ecological health(IBI model) were maintained well, even if the state was not an excellent conditions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.471-480
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• 2021

Objectives: Cadmium is widely used, leading to extensive environmental and occupational exposure. Unlike other organs, for which the harmful and carcinogenic effects of cadmium have been established, the hepatotoxicity of cadmium remains unclear. Some studies detected correlations between cadmium exposure and hepatotoxicity, but others concluded that they were not associated. Thus, we investigated the relationship between cadmium and liver damage in the general population. Methods: In total, 11 838 adult participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2015 were included. Urinary cadmium levels and the following liver function parameters were measured: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bilirubin (TB), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the associations between urinary cadmium concentrations and each liver function parameter after adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, annual family income, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, physical activity, and body mass index. Results: The covariate-adjusted results of the linear regression analyses showed significant positive relationships between log-transformed urinary cadmium levels and each log-transformed liver function parameter, where beta±standard error of ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP were 0.049±0.008 (p<0.001), 0.030±0.006 (p<0.001), 0.093±0.011 (p<0.001), 0.034±0.009 (p<0.001), and 0.040±0.005 (p<0.001), respectively. Logistic regression also revealed statistically significant results. The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of elevated ALT, AST, GGT, TB, and ALP per unit increase in log-transformed urinary cadmium concentration were 1.360 (1.210 to 1.528), 1.307 (1.149 to 1.486), 1.520 (1.357 to 1.704), 1.201 (1.003 to 1.438), and 1.568 (1.277 to 1.926), respectively. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to cadmium showed positive associations with liver damage.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

Purpose: Sexual function involves a complex interaction of emotions, body image, and intact physical responses. The purpose of this study was to determine the sexual functioning of women who are incontinent and to identify associated factors. Methods: For this descriptive correlation study, data were collected from 147 women with urinary incontinence. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Mean scores were 22.39 (sexual dysfunction ${\leq}26.55$) for sexual function, 13.38 (of 63) for depression, and 55.47 (range of score 17~85) for body image. Urinary symptoms and daily life symptoms averaged 36.04 (range of score 20~100) and 16.03 (range of score 8~40). Sexual function had a positive correlation with body image and negative correlation with daily life symptoms. Sexual satisfaction, daily life symptoms, marital satisfaction, and frequency of sexual intercourse were factors affecting sexual function. Conclusion: Study results indicate that urinary incontinence has a negative impact on various aspects of sexual function. Nurses should be aware of the wider consideration that needs to be made in relation to general and sexual quality of life when caring for clients suffering from urological diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation with self-care behaviors and physiological index according to cognitive function of hemodialysis patients. The data were collected from 108 patients on hemodialysis in university hospital. The period of data collection was from January 4 to January 31, 2010. The instruments of research were MMSE, Self-care behavior scale for hemodialysis patients. The 17.6% of patients showed the cognitive disorder. Self-care behaviors of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly higher than dysfunction group. Creatinine and parathyroid hormone of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly lower than dysfunction group. The cognitive function of patients showed positive correlations with self-care behavior(r=.283, p=.003) and Kt/V(r=.214. p=.026), showed significant negative correlations with phosphorus(r=-.223, p=.020) and creatinine(r=-.318, p=.001). The results of this study can be used to develop nursing education program to improve self-care behaviors according to cognitive function of hemodialysis patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.205-214
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training and respiratory muscle endurance training on pulmonary function and activity in chronic stroke patients. Methods: The participants were 25 chronic stroke patients. They were assigned to two groups: a PNF and respiratory muscle training group (experimental group; n = 12) and a conservative training group (control group; n = 13). The experimental group completed 50 minutes (30 minutes of conventional physical therapy, 10 minutes of PNF training, and 10 minutes of respiratory muscle endurance training). The control group also completed 50 minutes (30 minutes of conventional physical therapy and 20 minutes on a full-body workout machine). Pulmonary function and activity were measured before and after the intervention, using Cosmed to analyze pulmonary function and 6MWT as clinical evaluation indicators. Results: Both groups showed significant within-group differences on all tests before and after the intervention; the experimental group showed greater improvement on all tests. Conclusion: The findings confirm that PNF training and respiratory muscle endurance training have a positive effect on pulmonary function and activity index in chronic stroke patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.163-175
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the relationship among sexual desire, other domains of sexual function and quality of life (QOL) and to describe the effect of sexual desire on sexual function and QOL in married women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). Methods: A total of 397 women with HSDD participated in this study. Data were collected through self-reported questionnaire which were constructed to include general characteristics items, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and QOL tool. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN20 for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan, partial correlation coefficients, and Hierarchial multiple regression. Results: There were significant correlations with sexual desire and other domains of sexual function. And also, sexual desire had a positive correlations with the psychological status and total QOL. The sexual desire was statistically significant predictors for sexual function and QOL. Conclusions: Health professionals should direct efforts toward developing sexual health-related counseling or education programs for women suffering from sexual dysfunction with the goal of helping them to achieve satisfying sex lives and improved quality of life.