• Journal of Clinical Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.190-197
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• 2018

Background and Objectives : Positional OSAS is characterized by an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) score >5, which, while sleeping in the supine position, is double that in non-supine position. This study was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients, and the effects of the modified jaw thrust maneuver during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) between positional OSAS and non-positional OSAS patients. Materials and Methods : 68 positional OSAS patients and 19 non-positional OSAS patients were included. They all underwent full-night polysomnography and DISE. The modified jaw thrust maneuver was introduced during DISE. Airway structural changes induced by the modified jaw thrust maneuver were evaluated and documented. Results : There were no statistically significant differences in Friedman stage or tonsil grade, body mass index, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) score, blood pressure, AHI, or obstructive pattern between the positional and non-positional OSAS patients. However, mean arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), lowest SaO2, and total arousal index values were more severe in the non-positional OSAS patients. After introduction of the modified jaw thrust maneuver, retrolingual level obstruction showed a tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than in non-positional OSAS patients. Conclusions : The effects of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) can be estimated by carrying out a modified jaw thrust maneuver during DISE. The tendency toward a higher rate of airway opening in positional OSAS patients than non-positional OSAS patients in retrolingual level obstruction after jaw thrust maneuver introduced during DISE may be clinically important for MAD.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Conflicting mechanisms have been reported about spontaneous reversal of positional nystagmus during head-roll maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The objective of this study is to review the reports about the characteristics and possible mechanisms of reversing positional nystagmus and to present seven new cases. Subjects and Methods: Seven cases (5 males, 2 females; 4 left-sided, 3 right-sided) were recruited among 732 patients with BPPV seen outpatient clinic between 2009 and 2019. Diagnosis of lateral canal canalolithiasis was confirmed when transient geotropic nystagmus was documented during head-roll test. Reversing positional nystagmus was analyzed in each case and clinical characteristics of the patients were documented. Results: The age of patients was ranging between 30 to 64 years (46.44±10.91). Duration of symptoms was short (21.34±19.74). Six of them had a story of head trauma. Initial latency was short. First, intense geotropic nystagmus was observed following provocative head-roll position on the affected side. There was short "silent phase". Then, a longer second-phase of reversed nystagmus was noted. Total duration of nystagmus was 78.40±6.82 seconds. Maximal slow phase velocity was 24.05±6.34 deg/sec. All patients were cured with barbeque maneuver. Conclusions: Ipsilateral reversing positional nystagmus during head-roll maneuver is due to lateral canal canalolithiasis. Mechanism is likely to be due to endolymphatic double flow. Bilateral cases may be due to simultaneous co-existence of canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis. Longer recording of nystagmus is recommended not to miss the cases with spontaneous direction-changing positional nystagmus.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Conflicting mechanisms have been reported about spontaneous reversal of positional nystagmus during head-roll maneuver in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The objective of this study is to review the reports about the characteristics and possible mechanisms of reversing positional nystagmus and to present seven new cases. Subjects and Methods: Seven cases (5 males, 2 females; 4 left-sided, 3 right-sided) were recruited among 732 patients with BPPV seen outpatient clinic between 2009 and 2019. Diagnosis of lateral canal canalolithiasis was confirmed when transient geotropic nystagmus was documented during head-roll test. Reversing positional nystagmus was analyzed in each case and clinical characteristics of the patients were documented. Results: The age of patients was ranging between 30 to 64 years (46.44±10.91). Duration of symptoms was short (21.34±19.74). Six of them had a story of head trauma. Initial latency was short. First, intense geotropic nystagmus was observed following provocative head-roll position on the affected side. There was short "silent phase". Then, a longer second-phase of reversed nystagmus was noted. Total duration of nystagmus was 78.40±6.82 seconds. Maximal slow phase velocity was 24.05±6.34 deg/sec. All patients were cured with barbeque maneuver. Conclusions: Ipsilateral reversing positional nystagmus during head-roll maneuver is due to lateral canal canalolithiasis. Mechanism is likely to be due to endolymphatic double flow. Bilateral cases may be due to simultaneous co-existence of canalolithiasis and cupulolithiasis. Longer recording of nystagmus is recommended not to miss the cases with spontaneous direction-changing positional nystagmus.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Purpose: The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical characteristics and polysomnographic results of patients visited the Seoul National University Dental Hospital (SNUDH) and to suggest guidelines for the management of sleep disordered-breathing patients in a dental clinic. Methods: Five hundred sixty-two patients who visited the Snoring and Sleep Apnea Clinic of SNUDH were evaluated for clinical characteristics including associated comorbidities, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and daytime sleepiness and among them 217 patients were performed nocturnal polysomnography for evaluating respiratory disturbance index, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen saturation levels, and sleep stages. The associations among clinical characteristics, sleep parameters, and positional and rapid eye movement (REM) dependencies of the patients were analyzed. Results: The most common co-morbidities of the patients were cardiovascular (30.2%), endocrine (10.8%), and respiratory diseases (7.9%). Age (${\beta}=0.394$), total AHI (${\beta}=0.223$), and lowest $O_2$ saturation levels (${\beta}=0.205$) were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Mean $O_2$ saturation was not significantly associated with number of co-morbidities. Non-positional OSA patients had higher BMI, longer neck circumferences, more severe AHI values, and lower mean and lowest $O_2$ saturation levels compared to positional OSA patients. Not-REM-related patients were older and had more severe AHI values compared to REM-related patients. Not-REM-related patients have longer duration of stage I sleep and shorter stage II, III, and REM sleep than REM-related patients. There were no significant differences in each sleep stage between positional and non-positional patients. Neck circumference, positional dependency, REM dependency, and percentage of supine position were significantly associated with severity of OSA. Conclusions: Age, total AHI, and lowest $O_2$ saturation level were significantly associated with the number of co-morbidities in patients with OSA. Neck circumference, positional dependency, REM dependency, and percentage of supine position were significantly associated with severity of OSA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2014

Morphological and positional characteristics of anchovy aggregations, confirmed by trawling, were examined in two locations of the southern part of theWest Sea (T1) and the western side of South Sea (T11) of South Korea. Morphological characteristics (mean length, height and area) of the anchovy aggregations at T1 were smaller than those at T11, however the positional characteristics (distributional depth and bottom depth) of the aggregations at T1 were larger than those at T11. Diverse dataset such as the ship's cruise track, the cruse map, and interpolated three-dimensional-like water temperature were visualized in multiple dimensions. For a comprehensive understanding of the anchovy aggregations within their surrounding circumstances, the interpolated water temperature transferred to the location of anchovy aggregations at both stations were visualized based on geospatial information. Using quantitative investigation, the overall range of change in water temperature and salinity of anchovy aggregations at stations was considerably small. However, the water temperature and salinity of anchovy aggregations at T11 were somewhat higher than those at T1.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.371-386
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• 2011

Background : Vertigo is a very common complaint in clinical practice. The number of patients who complain of vertigo has been increasing due to rapid growth of the elderly population. This study was designed to review the clinical features and success of oriental medical treatment of positional vertigo. Methods : This observation was made on 70 subjects diagnosed with positional vertigo. They were hospitalized in the Semyung University Oriental Medicine Hospital. Results : The results were as follows 1. Female patients (82.9%) were more than male patients. The most common age group was 8th decade and the patients rapidly increased after the 5th decade of age. 2. The most common past history of positional vertigo was hypertension, the second was cerebral infarction, and the third was hyperlipidemia. 3. In the oriental medicine diagnosis, phlegm-dampness syndrome (痰濕交阻 眩暈) was the most common disease (92.9%), and in western medicine, BPPV was the most (82.9%). 4. In herbal medication, Banhabaekchulchunma-tang gami (45.7%) was the most commonly used, the second being Taeksa-tang (30%). 5. The vertigo score of 94.3% patients improved and none got worse. 6. In general characteristics, men over 64 years improved best. Past history had no effect on the improvement of vertigo. 7. The sooner patients visited hospital after onset, the shorter hospitalization time was. Conclusions : Vertigo attacks patients well in advanced age, with various causative diseases. Oriental medical treatments have considerable effects on positional vertigo, especially treated with Banhabaekchulchunma-tang gami and Taeksa-tang.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.22-26
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• 2012

Objectives: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) varies in different reports from 9% to 60%. If there is a positional dependency in patients with OSA, positional therapy alone could be successful in treating about 50% of all OSA cases. The aim of this report is to compare anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data between the positional sleep apnea group and non-positional sleep apnea group with OSA whose conditions were diagnosed in our sleep clinic. Methods: This is a retrospective study of anthropomorphic and polysomnographic data of patients with OSA who was performed a nocturnal polysomnography. Positional sleep apnea was defined as having a supine apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of twice or more compared to the AHI in the non-supine position. The patients were divided in the positional sleep apnea group and the non-positional sleep apnea group. Results: In 101 patients with OSA, 81 were male, and the mean age was $49.2{\pm}11.9$ years. Seventy-six (75.2%) were diagnosed as the positional sleep apnea. Waist to hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in non-positional sleep apnea group. The frequency of severe OSA was significantly higher in this group. In the positional sleep apnea group, nocturnal sleep quality was better preserved, and consequently these patients were less sleepy during daytime. AHI was significantly lower and minimal arterial oxygen saturation during sleep was significantly higher in this group. Conclusion: The percentage of positional sleep apnea in OSA was 75.2%. AHI, BMI, and waist to hip ratio were lower in the positional sleep apnea group. These patients have less severe breathing abnormalities than the non-positional sleep apnea group in polysomnography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.291-297
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• 1998

In order to accomplish the digital map production I/O devices should be used which are used for data input procedure to convert original paper map(hardcopy) data into computer compatible digital map data, and for the mapsheet output procedure of worked out data. For the input device, digitizer and scanner are most frequently used. Digitizer has possibility of direct production of digital data, and are mainly used for input procedure of partly plotted source map. In contrary, scanner is rather easy to operate the instrument, so that is widely used for the input procedure of original sheet map. In this study, to extract the input device characteristics, some kinds of digitizers and scanners were cheesed and used for the positional error analysis through the operational method and types of instruments. Also for the output device characteristics, some kinds of plotter and materials are used and compared to analyze the positional error through the instrumental types and output sheet materials.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.259-263
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• 1999

Fish oil was hydrolyzed with Aspergillus oryzae lipase, Lipolase-100T. The hydrolysis characteristics of Lipolsae-100T were investigated. Lipolase-100T showed 1,3-positional specificity which hydrolyzed acyl chains combined on the 1 or 3 position of triglyceride into free fatty acids. Lipolase-100T represented another property that the saturated fatty acids composing the triglyceride were hydrolyzed more easily that the polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs). n-3 PUFAs, such as C16:4, C20:5 and C22:6, were hardly hydrolyzed, so that the concentrations of those in the mixture of glycerides were increased according to hydrolysis time. Especially docosahexaenoic acid(DHA), C22:6 showed the highest increase in the concentration. This result explained that n-3 PUFAs were combined on 2-position of triglyceride. When the hydrolysis of fish oil with Lipolase-100T 0.4 wt% was performed for 120 hr, n-3 PUFAs wt% was increased to 50 wt% in the mixture of glycerides. This result was obtained due to the 1,3-positional specificity of Lipolase-100T and positional specificity of n-3 PUFAs.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2018

Objectives: The aims of this study were to analyze the job stress of clinical hygienists according to their positional system and to confirm its relevance. Methods: Seven hundred seventy six clinical dental hygienists participated in this survey. The questionnaire items consisted of general characteristics, working environment, and job stress. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics ver.23.0 software. Results: Among the job stresses, the stress on the job demands was the highest with 63.4 points, and the stress on interpersonal conflict was the lowest with 34.6 points. The total score of job stress was the highest in the 26-30 year-old age group, and major stress factors in this group were job insecurity, organizational system, and lack of reward. Team members were more stressful about insufficient job control, organizational system, and lack of reward than team managers, while team managers were more likely to score interpersonal conflict. The dental hygienists in the hospitals that did not have the positional system got more stressed in the insufficient job control, organizational system, and lack of reward area. Conclusions: The presence of positional system was related to job demand, insufficient job control, organizational system, and lack of reward. Structural efforts such as establishing a proper positional system in dental clinics will be needed to control job stress in the clinical dental hygienists.