• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1651-1654
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• 2007

The mouse myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is known to be sufficient to confer resistance to influenza viruses, and the gene encoding Mx1 is, therefore, an interesting candidate gene for disease resistance in farm animals. The porcine Mx1 gene has already been identified and characterized based on its homology with mouse Mx1; the full-length coding region of the pig Mx1 gene spans 2,545 bp (M65087) and is organized into 17 exons compared with the human ortholog mRNA. In this study, the exons 9, 10 and 11 and introns 6 and 9 of the porcine Mx1 gene were cloned and sequenced. Two SNPs were identified in exons 9, 10 and 11 but none of the SNPs led to an amino acid exchange, and the other eleven variants were detected in introns 6 and 9, respectively. Differences in allele frequency between Meishan and other pig breeds were observed within intron 6, of which an $A{\rightarrow}G$ substitution at position 371 was detected as an SnaBI PCR-RFLP. The association analysis using the Large White${\times}$Meishan $F_2$ offspring suggested that the Mx1 genotype was associated with variation in several immunity traits that are of interest in pig breeding. However, further investigations in more populations are needed to confirm the above result.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.866-872
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• 2005

H. pylori is known to cause severe gastric diseases, including peptic ulcers and gastric cancers, and a link has also been suggested with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). However, little is known about the pathogenesis of H. pylori-associated IDA. In the present study, to determine whether H. pylori strains are correlated with the prevalence of IDA, we analyzed and compared the sequences of the napA genes encoding a bacterioferritin-like protein in H. pylori strains. A total of 20 H. pylori strains were isolated from antral biopsies of patients with and without IDA, and the napA genes amplified from the genomic DNA were sequenced. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences for NapA revealed two sites with major variations. At residue 70, five out of the 12 non-IDA strains ($41.7\%$) contained serine, while only one of the 8 IDA strains ($12.5\%$) contained serine, indicating a significantly higher frequency of serine in the non-IDA strains. In addition, the NapA proteins from all 17 Western strains available on Web sites were found to contain serine residues at this position. Meanwhile, the other major variation was located at residue 73, where all eight IDA strains ($100\%$) contained leucine, while this was only true for eight of the 12 non-IDA strains ($66.7\%$). Therefore, these results indicated that the strains within each group were more genetically related to each other than to strains in the other group. When the expression level of the napA genes in the H. pylori strains was measured using RT-PCR, no significant difference was observed between the two groups, suggesting a similar intensity for the inflammatory responses induced by the NapA protein among the strains. Consequently, when taken together, the present data suggest that the occurrence of H. pylori-associated IDA may be partly determined by the infecting H. pylori strain, and the non-IDA strains are more closely related to Western strains than the IDA strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2005

The ccpA gene encoding catabolite control protein A (CcpA) of Leuconostoc mesenteroides SYl, a strain isolated from kimchi, was cloned, sequenced, analyzed for transcript, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The ccpA ORF (open reading frame) is 1,011 bp in size, which can encode a protein of 336 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 36,739 Da. The transcription start site was mapped at a position 49 nucleotides upstream of the start codon, and promoter sequences were also identified. The putative cre site overlapped with the -35 promoter sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the CcpA contained the helix-turn-helix motif found in many DNA-binding regulatory proteins. CcpA from 1. mesenteroides SY1 had $54.6\%$ identity with CcpA from Lactobacillus casei. The Northern blot experiment showed that ccpA was transcribed as a single 1.1 kb transcript, and transcription was repressed when grown on media containing glucose. CcpA was overproduced in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells using the pET expression vector, and purified to an apparent homogeneity. Gel Mobility Shift Assay with purified CcpA and a DNA fragment containing the ere sequence of the $\alpha$-galactosidase gene (aga) from L. mesenteroides SY1 revealed that CcpA bound specifically to the cre site of aga.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.76-83
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• 2009

최근 공동 연결 관계와 연속적인 정점 위치들의 움직임으로 이루어진 메쉬들의 모임, 즉 메쉬 시퀀스를 압축하는 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문은 Khodakovsky 등이 제시한 준균일 메쉬 압축방법에 기반한 메쉬 시퀀스의 압축 알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다. 준균일 메쉬 시퀀스로의 메쉬 재구성을 이용한 메쉬 시퀀스 압축 알고리즘은 크게 두 부분으로 이루어진다. 첫 번째 부분은 주어진 비균일 메쉬 시퀀스로부터 준균일 메쉬 시퀀스를 생성하는 것이다. 준균일 메쉬를 생성하기 위해 본 논문에서는 MAPS 알고리즘을 사용하였다. 하지만 단일 메쉬에 대해 적용이 가능한 MAPS 알고리즘을 메쉬 시퀀스에 그대로 적용할 수 없다. 따라서 주어진 애니메이션에서의 정점 움직임을 고려하여 유사한 움직임을 가지는 영역별로 분할하고, 이 분할 정보과 정점의 움직임을 고려할 수 있도록 MAPS 알고리즘을 확장하였다. 두 번째 단계에서는 웨이블릿 변형과 메쉬 분할 정보를 이용해 준균일 메쉬를 압축하였다. 각 분할 영역의 변환 정보를 고려해 분할 영역 내 정점의 위치를 예측하고, 참조 프레임과의 차이값을 압축함으로써 효율적으로 준균일 메쉬 시퀀스를 압축하였다.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.722-733
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• 2006

계층적 압축 기법을 지원하는 스트리밍 시스템 응용은 제한된 네트워크 자원의 효과적인 활용과 사용자가 느끼는 화질을 최대로 해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 적절한 전송 계층의 선택 및 패킷 인터벌 결정이 이루어져야 한다. 본 논문에서는 계층이 갖는 화질의 영향력을 바탕으로 패킷 인터벌 결정 및 계층 선택 알고리즘 SAPS를 제시한다. 인터-프레임 압축 기법을 사용하는 비디오 스트리밍 시스템에서 패킷 손실의 감소만으로는 재생 화질의 향상을 이룰 수 없고, 재생 화질에 높은 영향력을 가진 패킷의 복원율이 높아질 때, 비로소 재생 화질이 향상된다. SAPS는 패킷의 의존성 그래프를 바탕으로 전송 계층을 결정하며, 이렇게 결정된 전송 계층은 사용자가 느끼는 서비스의 품질을 최대로 만든다. 또한, 선택된 계층에 대한 패킷의 인터벌 조절을 통해 계층 선택에 의한 효과가 유지되도록 한다. 실험을 통해 SAPS 알고리즘이 사용자가 느끼는 서비스 품질의 향상뿐만 아니라, 네트워크 자원 활용도 효과적으로 이루고 있음을 보여준다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.595-601
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• 2005

In this study, we have isolated a rice (Oryza sativa L.) glutamate decarboxylase (RicGAD) clone from a root cDNA library, using a partial Arabidopsis thaliana GAD gene as a probe. The rice root cDNA library was constructed with mRNA, which had been derived from the roots of rice seedlings subjected to phosphorus deprivation. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the RicGAD clone was 1,712 bp long, and harbors a complete open reading frame of 505 amino acids. The 505 amino acid sequence deduced from this RicGAD clone exhibited 67.7% and 61.9% identity with OsGAD1 (AB056060) and OsGAD2 (AB056061) in the database, respectively. The 505 amino acid sequence also exhibited 62.9, 64.1, and 64.2% identity to Arabidopsis GAD (U9937), Nicotiana tabacum GAD (AF020425), and Petunia hybrida GAD (L16797), respectively. The RicGAD was found to possess a highly conserved tryptophan residue, but lacks the lysine cluster at the C-proximal position, as well as other stretches of positively charged residues. The GAD sequence was expressed heterologously using the high copy number plasmid, pVUCH. Our activation analysis revealed that the maximal activation of the RicGAD occurred in the presence of both $Ca^{2+}$ and calmodulin. The GAD-encoded 56~58 kDa protein was identified via Western blot analysis, using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody. The results of our RT-PCR analyses revealed that RicGAD is expressed predominantly in rice roots obtained from rice seedlings grown under phosphorus deprivation conditions, and in non-germinated brown rice, which is known to have a limited phosphorus bioavailability. These results indicate that RicGAD is a $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent enzyme, and that RicGAD is expressed primarily under phosphate deprivation conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.576-584
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• 2002

Bovine PAS-4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed in mammary epithelial cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning of PAS-4 was performed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide probes based on it's amino terminal and internal tryptic-peptides. The cloned PAS-4 cDNA was 1,852 nucleotides (nt) long and its open reading frame (ORF) was encoded 1,413 base long. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that PAS-4 consisted of 471 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 52,796, bearing 8 potential N-glycosylation sites and 9 cysteine residues. Partial bovine CD36 cDNA from liver also was sequenced and the homology of both nucleotide sequence was 94%. Most of the identical amino acid residues were in the luminal/extracellular domains. Contrary to PAS-4, bovine liver CD36 displays 6 potential N-glycosylation sites, which were located, except for those at positions 101 and 171, at same positions as PAS-4 cDNA. Cysteine residues of PAS-4 and CD36 were same at position and in numbers. Northern blot analysis showed that PAS-4 was widely expressed, although its mRNA steady-state levels vary considerably among the analyzed cell types. PAS-4 possessed hydrophobic amino acid segments near the amino- and carboxyl-termini. Two short cytoplasmic tails of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends constituted of a 5-7 and 8-11 amino acid residues, respectively.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2008

최근 센서 네트워크에서 수집된 다양한 상황 정보를 웹을 통해 지도상에 도시하는 SWE(Sensor Web Enablement) 연구가 OGC(Open Geospatial Consortium)를 중심으로 진행되고 있다. OGC SWE WG(Working Group)에서는 실시간으로 시공간에서 발생하는 영상 및 센싱 데이터 등에 대한 인코딩과 웹 서비스를 지원하는 표준을 정의하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이동 물체에서 획득한 실시간 센싱 데이터를 도시하기 위해 지도 상의 이동 노느에 GPS 데이터와 센싱 데이터를 맵핑하여 2 차원 지도에서 위치 기반의 센성 데이터 가시화 방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 먼저 2 차원 지도에서 위치 기반의 센싱 데이터 가시화하기 위해 위치 정보를 지도의 좌표로 변환하는 알고리즘과 처리 절차를 제시한다. 그리고 이를 검증하기 위해 이동 노드의 GPS 데이터와 센싱 데이터를 수집하여 2 차원 지도 상에서 도시하는 프로그램을 설계하고 구현한다. 이를 통하여 센서 네트워크로부터 수집된 실시간 동영상이나 센싱 데이터 정보를 웹 기반의 지도 상에서 효과적으로 가시화하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.230-230
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• 2002

Class Ⅲ chitin synthases in filamentous fungi are important for hyphal growth and differentiation of several filamentous fungi. A genomic clone containing the full gene encoding Chs4, a class Ⅲ chitin synthase in Penicillium chrysogenum, was cloned by PCR screening and colony hybridization from the genomic library. Nucleotide sequence analysis and transcript mapping of chs4 revealed an open reading frame (ORF) that consisted of 5 exons and 4 introns and encoded a putative protein of 915 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5′flanking region of the ORF revealed a potential TATA box and several binding sites for transcription activators. The putative transcription initiation site at -716 position was identified by primer extension and the expression of the chs4 during the vegetative growth was confirmed by Northern blot analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis of the Chs4 revealed at least 5 transmembrane helices and several sites for past-transnational modifications. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of Chs4 with those of other fungi showed a close relationship between P chrysogenum and genus Aspergillus.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.935-944
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 영상 분할을 이용한 다시점 영상의 조명보상 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법에서는 깊이 정보를 이용하여 일정 거리에 따라 참조 영상의 깊이 영상을 레이어로 분리한다. 분리된 레이어에서 서로 다른 객체를 분리하기 위하여 각 레이어에 레이블링 과정을 수행한다. 레이블링 된 참조 영상의 깊이 영상은 3D 워핑 기법을 통하여 왜곡 영상의 시점으로 변환되고 레이블링 된 영역을 찾아 히스토그램을 이용한 조명 보상을 각 영역에서 독립적으로 수행한다. 3D 워핑으로 발생하는 가려짐 영역은 전역적인 방법을 이용하여 보상하게 된다. 다양한 실험을 통해 제안하는 기법으로 조명보상 전처리를 수행한 다시점 영상의 부호화 효율이 향상되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.