• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 2001

Sieve element area and sieve pore formed generally from plasmodesmata. Sieve pore formed by the fusion of several tiny vesicles with plasmodesmata, or those with cell wall after the destruction of special region of newly formed cell wall or those finally with circular arranged form from tissure culture of Streptanthus. The tiny vesicles were produced from dispersed nucleolus or heterochromatin. The sieve area and sieve pore formed from tissue cultured cells were shown round tube form similar to those of natural plants. Sieve area and sieve pore were produced by various methods, and it suggested that the basic materials of the construction of sieve pore originated from the vesicles.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.221-225
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• 2016

Tolaasin is a pore-forming peptide toxin produced by Pseudomonas tolaasii and causes a brown blotch disease by disrupting membrane structures of cultivated mushrooms. The mechanism and characteristics of tolaasin pore formation are not known in detail; however, tolaasin pores have been demonstrated in the artificial lipid bilayer. Since the tolaasin pore appeared less frequently and unstable in lipid bilayer, a mismatch between the length of tolaasin pore and the thickness of lipid membrane had been suggested. Therefore, tolaasin-induced hemolyses were measured by the additions of phospholipids composed of various fatty acids with different carbon numbers. When phosphatidylethanolamines made with two decanoic acids (C10:0, 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; DDPE), myristic acids (C14:0, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine), and stearic acids (C18:0, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine) were added to the buffer containing RBCs and tolaasin peptides, DDPE facilitated the tolaasin-induced hemolysis while the other two phospholipids showed no effects. At various concentrations of DDPE, the tolaasin-induced hemolysis was stimulated as a dose-dependent manner. The phospholipids composed of mediumchain fatty acids stabilize the tolaasin pore probably by binding between the pore structure and membrane phospholipids and making the membrane thickness thinner around the pore. These results showed that tolaasin molecules make more stable pores in the membrane made with phospholipids composed of medium length fatty acids, suggesting that the length of tolaasin pore is a little shorter than the thickness of RBC membrane.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-44
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• 2002

During the phloem development from parenchyma cells in a suspension culture of Streptanthus induced sucrose carrier and glucose carrier disappeared. Sieve element area and sieve pore induced suspension culture of Streptanthus were formed almost at the last period of the synthesis of sieve endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and p-protein. The new synthesized cell wall begann to digeste only after the new cell wall was surrounded by SER. The digested region of the cell wall and the formed region of sieve pore were regular comparatively. The completed sieve pore was an oval form, and the outer portion of sieve pore varied, ca 1.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~1.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in longitudinal, 0.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~1.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in tangential, and the inner size of sieve pore was irregular form of a star-like shape. The number of sieve pore between sieve cells was ca 2~7 per ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$$^2$ and the sieve pore wall with callose was 0.05 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$~0.07 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness. The energy for the formation of sieve element area and sieve pore might be supplied by mitochondria near the new cell wall and the role of SER remains to be illucidated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.2979-2984
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• 2015

This paper has presented a new foaming technology of selective hybrid-structured polymer film with expanded pores. The porous structure of closed pore was firstly fabricated by applying the 355nm UV-pulsed laser to 0.1mm thick film that was uniformly mixed with PP pellets, copper powder, and CBA (Chemical Blowing Agent). In order to expand pore size of closed-cell shape, LAMO(Laser Aided Micro pore Opening) processing was conducted to heat the copper powder, and then the bigger pore size of closed-cell more than existing pore size was successfully formed because of rapid conduction of heated metal powder. From the experimental results, various process parameters such as laser fluence, intensity, scan rate, spot size and density of powder and CBA were considerably considered to reveal the correlation among the pore characteristics. In the future, a function experiment will be carried out to use the hybrid film of industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1213-1219
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• 2003

Porous ceramics for microoganism carriers were prepared with amorphous alumina and pore formers by hydrothermal reaction, burn-out and wash-out method. Activated carbon with average size of 67,222, and 405 $\mu\textrm{m}$, organic polymer and inorganic salt were used as pore formers. Specimens were hydrothermally treated at 200$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h, heat-treated at 650$^{\circ}C$ for 5 h, and washed out at 80$^{\circ}C$ for 48 h. The formation of crystalline phase, porosity, pore size distribution and compressive strength were measured. The specimen with activated carbon was transformed to boehmite phase, but organic polymer and inorganic salt inhibited the aquohydroxoy complex gel and crystalline formation. The porous ceramics for microoganism carriers using activated carbon as a pore formers was successfully prepared, which is composed of ${\gamma}$-alumina phase with porosity of above 70 vol% and the compressive strength of 40 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.813-819
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• 1999

Inner crack-like pores with controlled amount of Ca impurity level in the high purity alumina single crystal sapphire had been created by micro-fabrication technique which includes ion implantation photo-lithography Ar ion milling and hot press technique. The morphological change and the healing of crack-like pore in the Ca doped high purity single crystal alumina during high temperature heat treatment in vacuum were observed using optical microscopy. The hexagonal bridging ligaments were developed and the size of hexagonal bridging ligaments had been increased with temperature and Ca amount and had grown to their corner rounded. It appeared that the hexagonal bridging ligaments would have an equilbrium size with temperature and the amount of Ca addition. Three kinds of crack-like pore healing type were observed. Edge regression and ligament growth were observed from relatively low temperature in the crack-like pore. Edge regression were found in almost all of the crack-like pore but the ligament growth were found only in the several crack-like pores accelerating heating very fast. Flow type healing was observed above $1800^{\circ}C$ and It healed the crack-like pore very slowly.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.165-165
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• 2009

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.91-91
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• 2018

스마트폰 및 카메라 케이스 등에 널리 적용되고 있는 알루미늄은 내식성, 내마모성과 같은 물리적, 화학적 성질이 우수하지 못하여 이를 향상시키기 위해 양극산화법이 산업적으로 널리 이용되고 있다. 알루미늄에 양극산화법을 적용하면 강도, 내마모성 및 내식성이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 알루미늄 표면에 규칙적으로 배열된 30nm~100nm 크기의 pore에 염료를 흡착시켜 다양한 색상의 외관을 가지는 양극산화피막을 형성시킬 수 있다. Pore간의 간격은 수십 nm~수백 nm 정도이며, pore의 크기와 간격 및 깊이는 양극산화조건(양극산화 전압, 전해액의 종류와 농도 및 온도)에 의해 크게 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 CTSA를 통한 AA5052합금의 양극산화 착색처리와 내식성의 개선 여부를 조사하였다. 알루미늄은 Al5052에는 Mg 외에, 소량의 Si을 포함하고 있다. 이 Si는 알루미늄 표면에 석출물 형태로 존재한다. 이 Si 석출물은 양극산화 시 기지상의 알루미늄 표면의 pore 형성을 방해하는 원인이다. 이러한 Si 석출물의 존재가 균일한 pore 형성을 방해하게 되고, 불균일한 포어를 가지는 표면은 착색처리 시 색상의 편차를 크게하는 원인이 되어 불량률을 높인다. 이러한 요인을 개선하기 위해 CTSA의 처리조건을 최적화 하였다. Al5052 합금을 이용하여 에칭, 디스머트, CTSA처리를 실시하였다. $55^{\circ}C$ 100g/L NaOH 용액에서 에칭을, $25^{\circ}C$ 10 vol.% $HNO_3$ 용액에서 디스머트를 실시한 다음, CTSA의 조건을 다르게 하고 SEM을 통해 Si 석출물의 감소율을 비교하였다. CTSA조건으로는 시간(60s, 180s, 300s), 농도(10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) 및 온도($25^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$)를 변화시켰으며, CTSA 처리 전과 후의 시편의 위치를 동일하게 하여 비교하였다. 결과 적정 시간, 농도, 온도 조건하에 pore를 불균일하게 하는 Si 석출물들이 제거되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. CTSA 처리는 온도가 높을수록, 시간이 길수록, 농도가 적당히 진할수록 석출물이 잘 제거되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 CTSA처리가 알루미늄의 내식성에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해서 침적시험에 의한 무게감소율 및 전기화학측정을 실시하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 1999

보통 포틀랜드 시멘트와 플라이애쉬, 슬래그를 혼합한 혼합시멘트 경화체를 이용하여 이온 확산에 미치는 혼합재의 영향과 양이온 공존시 염소이온의 확산에 대하여 고찰하였다. 겉보기 이온확산계수가 보통 포틀랜드의 시멘트보다 플라이애쉬와 슬래그를 혼합한 시멘트 경화체가 약 10-3배로 매우 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 이것은 포졸란 반응에 의해 많은 CSH 수화물이 capillary pore에 형성되어 macro pore가 감소되고 micro pore가 증가되어 이온 확산에 대한 저항이 커졌기 때문이다. 또한, Mg2+이온 공존시에 염소이온의 확산은 증가되었다.