• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the infection of livestock diseases using 500 blood samples from wild boars captured in six cities and one county in northern Gyeonggi province, South Korea. We examined 239 cases of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and each of 500 cases of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Pasteurella multocida type A (PMA), Hemophilus parasuis (HP), Salmonella (Sal.) spp. infections. Antibodies were detected against CSFV (23.4%), PRRSV (4.0%), PCV2 (60.4%), MH (3.0%), APP (69.2%), PMA (52.8%), HP (11.8%), and Sal. spp. infections (37.2%). No antibodies were detected against FMDV. As a result of antigenic analysis of 68 positive cases (13.6%) out of 500 PRRS antigen tests, 61 North American cases, 6 European cases, 1 North American-European complex case. PCV2 has 158 positive cases (31.6%) out of 500 antigen tests, and the results indicate that a considerable number of individuals are infected. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence report of MH, APP, PMA, HP, and Sal. spp. infections in wild boars in South Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is economically the most important and challenging disease in swine industries worldwide and caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV). Previous studies reported that pigs with heterozygous genotypes in the guanylate-binding proteins (GBP1 and GBP5) exhibited increased resistance against PRRSV infection. The present study was conducted to produce higher numbers of the heterozygous pigs based on the PRRS resistant polymorphisms found in GBP1 (GBP1E2 and WUR) and GBP5, and evaluate the resistance of heterozygous pigs against challenge with a type 2 PRRSV (JA142) in comparison with homozygous pigs. In the challenge study, 12, 4 week-old PRRSV-negative piglets were selected based on the genotypes of the 3 polymorphisms (GBP1E2, WUR and GBP5). Among them, 8 piglets [homozygous (n=4) and heterozygous (n=4)] were challenged with JA142 and kept in the same room, and the remaining 4 piglets were kept separately as a negative control. In results, the sperms collected from the boars of GBP1E2-GG genotype produced approximately 28~41% higher numbers of heterozygous piglets as compared with those from the boars of GBP1E2-AG genotype. In the challenge study, we found that heterozygous piglets showed the significantly lower levels of viremia than homozygous piglets at 14, 21 and 28 dpc. Consistently, these heterozygous piglets also exhibited significantly higher ADWG than homozygous piglets. Therefore, in the current study, selection of boars based on SNP markers could increase the production of PRRS resistant piglets and the PRRS resistant pigs were found to be more resistant to PRRSV infection.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.173-186
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• 2000

This experiment was carried out to investigate the tendency of incident diseases in pre- and post- weaning piglets which ages were 1 to 7 weeks old by laboratory diagnosis and in order to minimize death in preweaning piglets and of stunted growth in postweaning piglets. The result of this experiment used as the basic data for the preventive programs in pre- and post- weaning piglets and were as follows: 23 different diseases diagnosed in 331 cases were studied in relation to age, season, and etiology. The most prevelent diseases of pre- and post- weaning piglet were Colibacillosis(79 case, 23.9%) and the major diseases were Salmonellosis(44 cases, 13.3%), Anemia(37 cases, 11.2%). Unknown viral disease(20 case, 6.1%), Rota viral infection(19 case, 5.8%), Porcine reproductive & respiratory syndrome(PRRS; 15 case 4.5%), Transmissible gastroenteritis(TGE; 12 case, 3.6%). The gastrointestinal disease, such as Colibacillosis, Salmonellosis, Swine dysentery, Clostridial infection, Rotaviral infection, TGE, Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED) and Ballantidiosis occured pro- dominently in the period of pre- and post- weaning, which were 178 cases(53.8%) and not related to occurrence according to age and season. The respiratory diseases were Atrophic rhinitis(AR), Swine enzootic pneumonia, Pneumonic pasteurellosis, Pleuropneumonia, Branchopneumonia, PRRS and which were 48 cases(14.5%) and higher prevalent in spring and summer. The viral diseases was 73 cases(22.1%) that occurred in the period of 5 weeks piglet and prevalent mainly in spring. The bacterial diseases were 188 cases(56.8%) that were not related to occurrence according to age and season. Salmonellosis was prevalent in 3 to 5 weeks piglet and mainly occurred in summer. Viral septicemia and rotaviral infection occurred after 5 weeks piglets intensively and 3 to 5 weeks, respectively. And the both occurred without relation with season. PRRS occurred after 4 weeks piglet and prevalent in summer. TGE occurred 1 to 7 days old piglets and prevalent in spring and winter. Hematologic values of anemia was decrease in number of Red Blood Cell, concentration of Hemoglobin and Hematocrit. Amikacin, cephalothin, colistin, norfloxacin were effective to E coli, and amikacin, cephalothin, nortloxacin, neomycin were effective to Salmonellra spp. but clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, sulfonamides were resistant to E coli and Salmonella spp.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.314-318
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• 1998

An establishment of effective control measures to PRRSV infection in swine industry depends on a sensitive and specific diagnosis to detect either viral antigen and/or antibodies to PRRSV. Several diagnostic methods are available to detect antibodies against PRRSV, including IPMA, IFA and ELISA tests have been successfully developed. Sensitivity of the indirect immunofluorescent assay in MA-104 cells using Korean field isolate PL96-1 was superior to that of VR-2332 and field isolate PL96-2. Sensitivity and specificity of the IFA test with PL96-1 were comparable to those of commercial ELISA test kit but ELISA test was more sensitive for the detection of declining antibodies to PRRSV in finishing pigs. In this study we concluded that IFA and ELISA test could be utilized to detect antibodies to PRRSV and the results generated from these two tests were comparable and there were no significant difference between these two tests.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2009

돼지생식기호흡기증후군 바이러스를 구성하고 있는 뉴클레오캡시드(N) 단백질은 다양한 기능을 가지고 있는 basic 단백질로써 또한 아직까지 밝혀지지 않은 역할을 하는 serine 인산화 단백질로 알려져 있다. 먼저 바이러스가 복제되는 동안 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질 인산화가 어떤 생물학적 역할을 하는지에 대한 이해를 하기 위하여 mutagenesis 방법으로 단백질 내 모든 serine 잔기들을 alanine으로 대체하여 변이 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질을 구축하였다. 이 재조합 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질은 비인산화 단백질로 확인되었고 이는 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질 인산화에 serine 잔기들이 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 증명하였다. 돼지 생식기호흡기증후군 바이러스 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질은 세포핵 내 이동과 N-N dimer 형성 등의 특이적인 생물학적 특성들을 보유하고 있으며 이들 각각은 바이러스 감염 시 중요한 역할들을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이 두 가지 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질의 특성들이 인산화 여부에 의해 조절되는지 살펴보았다. 하지만 본 연구의 결과들은 비인산화된 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질이 여전히 transfection된 세포의 핵 또는 핵인에서 발현되었고 더욱이 뉴클레오캡시드 자신과 dimer 형성을 할 수 있었다는 것을 보여주었다. 결론적으로 돼지 생식기호흡기증후군 바이러스 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질의 세포핵 내 수송 및 oligomerization 특성들은 인산화 비의존성으로 조절되는 것으로 보여 진다. 아마도 이 인산화 작용은 뉴클레오캡시드 단백질의 RNA-binding 특성등과 같은 다른 수준의 조절과 관련이 있는 것으로 추측되어 진다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권4_spc호
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• pp.786-793
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• 2024

Latin America is a culturally, geographically, politically, and economically diverse region. Agriculture in Latin America is marked by a remarkable diversity of production systems, reflecting various agroecological zones, farm sizes, and technological levels. In the last decade, the swine industry increased by 30.6%, emerging as a great contributor to food security and economic development in Latin America. Brazil and Mexico dominate the pig production landscape, together accounting for 70% of sow inventory in the region. The swine industry in Latin America is predominantly comprised of small and medium-sized farms, however, in the past 30 years, the number of pig producers in Brazil dropped by 78%, whereas pork production increased by 326%. Similar to the global pork industry, the growing demand for pork, driven by population growth and changing dietary habits, presents an opportunity for the industry with an expected growth of 16% over the next decade. The export prospects are promising, however subject to potential disruptions from global market conditions and shifts in trade policies. Among the challenges faced by the swine industry, disease outbreaks, particularly African Swine Fever (ASF), present significant threats, necessitating enhanced biosecurity and surveillance systems. In 2023, ASF was reported to the Dominican Republic and Haiti, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Mexico, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Venezuela, and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea (PED) in Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Ecuador. Additionally, feed costs, supply chain disruptions, and energy expenses have affected mainly the smaller and less efficient producers. The swine industry is also transitioning towards more sustainable and environmentally friendly practices, including efficient feed usage, and precision farming. Ensuring long-term success in the swine industry in Latin America requires a holistic approach that prioritizes sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer preferences, ultimately positioning the industry to thrive in the evolving global market.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2023

Wild boar is closely related to domestic pigs in terms of genetic homogeneity and the possibility of a source of infection by contact. This study investigated the prevalence of viral diseases from wild boars inhabiting Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea. A total of 374 blood samples were collected and subjected to antigen tests to detect African swine fever virus (ASFV), Porcine circovirus type-2 (PCV2), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). For seroprevalence, PCV2, PRRS, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), Aujezsky's disease (ADV), and foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) were investigated. The antigenic analysis revealed 73 positive cases (19.5%) for PCV2, while no positive cases for ASFV and PRRSV. For the antibody test, 225 (60.2%), 2 (0.5%), and 48 (12.8%) cases were detected against PCV2, PRRSV, and CSFV, respectively. There were no antibodies detected against both ADV and FMDV. Our results suggest that the viruses infecting both wild boar and domestic pig, mainly PCV2, are circulating in the wild boar population thus, the consistent monitoring of prevalence in wild boar will be needed for transboundary spillover to the domestic pig.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.359-367
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• 2001

A serological survey was performed to establish basic data for the prevalence of antibodies to some major diseases of domesticated boar serum samples from January to December 2000. Sera collected in breeding farms in Gyeongbuk province were tested for Aujeszky's disease virus(ADV), Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), Porcine parvovirus(PPV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), Bordetella bronchiseptica(B bronchiseptica), Mycoplasma ; APP), Toxoplasma, and Brucella. There was no antibody to ADV in domesticated boars serum samples detected by Anti-ADV-gpI assay kit. Sero-positive samples to PRRS by IFA were 0.9%(3/330) The HI titers to PPV ranged variously from less than 10 to over 1,280. Two hundred ninety-four out of 330 tested sera showed HI titer of less than 10. In HI test to JEV, 90.3% of the sera (298/330) were below 10. The majority of the serum samples had low prevalence of the antibody B bronchiseptica. ELISA titers to M hyopneumoniae ranged variously from $\leq$ 10 to $\geq$ 1,280. Antibody titers to A pleuropneumoniae type 2(APP2) and type 5(APP5) were 58.2% and 52.7%, respectively, and the tested samples showing ELISA antibody titers of less than 20. There was no significant geographical difference between APP2 and APP5 in this study. In the antibody test of Toxoplasma, 11.5%(38/330) were positive and samples were all negative in sera test of Brucella.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.227-236
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• 2020

In this study, we have developed 3D8 scFv transgenic pig (TG) by microinjection of fertilized one-cell pig zygotes (2.17%). The effect of 3D8 scFv TG on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) resistance were evaluated through PRRSV VR2332 (1×103 TCID50/mL) challenge and transmission experiments. As a result, the average daily weight gain (ADWG) of TG increased compared to the wild type pigs (WT) in PRRSV challenge groups and the serum viremia levels of the TG was significantly lower than of WT on the 7 day and 21 day after infection, meaning that the viral shedding was suppressed by 3D8 scFv expression. These results suggest that the expression of 3D8 scFv in pig could suppress spreading of infected virus to pigs sharing a room.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.163-184
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• 2003

This study was conducted to survey the farm which suffered from disease similar to classical swine fever(CSF) in Gyeongbuk province. Clinical signs appeared first in a few number of growing pigs which showed specific signs of diarrhea, depression, sleepiness, and reluctance to get up or to eat. Younger piglets may have appeared chilled, shiver and huddle together. As the disease progresses the affected pig's skin went red and purple. In histopathological signs, there were many haemorrhages throughout the body and larger haemorrhages in some organs such as lymph nodes. And there is a precipitous fall in the number of circulating leukocytes in the blood. In spite of insisting of farmer which did not vaccinate to classical swine fever, significant antibody production was detected in these affected pigs at enzyme-linked immuonsorbent assay. According to the above results at first glance, these affected pig suspected with CSF in clinical signs and histopathological lesions only. Because the symptoms and post-mortem picture were very similar to CSF, these false positive results would have been dangerous to diagnostician. But by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and comparative nucleotide sequence analysis, the disease was correctly diagnosed with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(PMWS) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) compoundly. And the antigen which were detected the lesion similar to CSF virus, was confirmed with LOM vaccine strain of CSF. In most national CSF eradication program and in countries which are free of the CSF virus, vaccination against CSF is not practiced and generally is not allowed. But now in Korea, routine vaccination is practiced because of outbreaking the CSF repeatedly. When CSF is diagnosed the whole herd and other in contact animal are slaughtered continuously.