• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.546-549
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• 2002

The impact of storage conditions on the permeability of porcine buccal mucosa to [$^3H$]water and [$^{14}C$]mannitol was assessed. The fresh pocine buccal tissue (fresh tissue) was obtained by utilizing pig heads within 24 hours of slaughter. The stored and frozen porcine buccal tissues (stored tissue and frozen tissue) were obtained after the storage of the tissue intact in the pig heads at $4^{\circ}C$ or -$20^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 24 h. The results demonstrated that the barrier properties of the porcine buccal mucosa were maintained with regard to [$^3H$]water permeability when stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. However, freezing the tissue resulted in tissue damage illustrated by a significant increase in [$^3$H]water permeability. [$^{14}C$]Mannitol does not appear to be a suitable model solute to assess the ex vivo permeability of porcine buccal mucosa due to its extremely low permeability.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.219-223
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• 2012

The present study was performed to identify the relationship between plasminogen activator (PA) and Heat Shock Protein-90 (HSP-90) in porcine uterus tissues during the estrous cycle. Porcine uterus tissues were obtained from preovulatory (Pre-Ov), post-ovulatory (Post-Ov) and early to mid-luteal (Early-mid L) stages. The protein was extracted from uterus tissue by using M-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent. Proteins were refined by RIPA Buffer and quantified by BCA methods. As results, t-PA expression was significantly (p<0.05) higher from pre-ovulatory(Epithelium tissue: $29,067{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $30,797{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) compared to the post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: $54,357{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $53,270{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and early to mid-luteal stage(Epithelium tissue: $42,380{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $43,139{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). On the other hand, the uPA expression indicated higher from early to mid-luteal stage (Epithelium tissue: $0.02198{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.02412{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) than pre-ovulatory stage (Epithelium tissue: $0.01577{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.01531{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and post-ovulatory stage(Epithelium tissue: $0.01414{\mu}g/{\mu}l$, Myometrium tissue: $0.01429{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). However, expression of u-PA did not differ from each estrous cycle in the epithelium tissue and myometrium tissue(p<0.05). Expression of HSP-90 was differ t-PA and u-PA from pre-ovulatory in Epithelium tissue($25,423{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and early to mid-luteal stage in epithelium tissue($177,922{\mu}g/{\mu}l$) and myometrium tissue($26,664{\mu}g/{\mu}l$). These results suggest that HSP-90 and u-PA were related with change of uterus cycle according to the reformation of the tissues in porcine uterus.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2004

Tissue-specific expression of the desired gene product in the targrt tissue is central to the concept of bioreactor. One approach is to use a tissue-specific promoter to drive desired gene. To investigate the feasibility of tissue-specific gene expression for bladder using the porcine uroplakin(UPII) promoter and its transcriptional control the efficacy of this promoter as well as well as fragments in regulating gene expression were cell lines using DNA transfection. (omitted)

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

The endometrium undergoes a cyclic growth and tissue remodeling as changes of epithelial cells, and plasminogen activators (PAs) are related to endometrium tissue remodeling. This study was to evulate expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in porcine uterine epithelial cells. In results, the uPA and tPA were expressed in uterine tissue, epithelium and secretory glands in porcine endometrial cell. In addition, the uPA and tPA were expressed in cultured epithelial cells, and it were mainly expressed in cytoplasm. In porcine uterine tissue and epithelial cells, uPA activity was higher than activity in tPA. In PAs mRNA expression levels, uPA mRNA level was significantly higher than tPA mRNA level (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of uPA protein was also higher than fluorescence intensity of tPA protein, and uPA protein expression was significantly higher than in tPA protein expression (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that a physiological function in porcine uterine epithelial cells should be more influenced by uPA than in tPA during pre-ovulatory phase.

• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.9
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• pp.1289-1294
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• 2018

The present study aims to investigate experimentally and theoretically thermal ablation in soft tissues by using high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to assess tissue damage during HIFU thermotherapy. The HIFU field was calculated by solving the axisymmetric Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation from the frequency-domain perspective. The temperature field was calculated by solving Pennes' bioheat transfer equation, and the thermal dose required to create a thermal lesion was calculated by using the thermal dose formula based on the thermal dose of a 240-min exposure at $43^{\circ}C$. In order to validate the simulation results, we performed thermal ablation experiments in a tissue-mimicking phantom and ex-vivo porcine liver for two different HIFU source conditions by using a 1.1-MHz, single-element, spherically focused HIFU transducer. The small difference between the measured and the predicted lesion sizes suggests that the implementation of the numerical model used here should be modified to iteratively allow for temperature-dependent changes in the physical properties of tissues.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 1997

The effect of cryopreservation on extracellular matrix was studied with the ultimate objective of permiting a prediction of the tendency of aorta conduit tissue to calcify following transplantation. Cryopreserved and fresh porcine aorta conduit tissues were extracted using guanidine-hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) followed by sequential digestion of the tissues with collagenase, elastase, and papain. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of the proteoglycans (PGs) were isolated and quantitated. Gdn-HCl extracted about 61% and 62% of the total GAG (proteoqlycan) material from cryopreserved and fresh tissues, respectively. Collagenasesolubilized proteoglycans from Gdn-HCl extracted tissue represented 20% and 13%, respectively, of the total GAGs present in cryopreserved and fresh tissues. Subsequent elastase hydrolysis of collagenase-digested tissue released about 11% of total GAGs from cryopreserved tissue and 16% from fresh tissue. The remaining 8%, from cryopreserved tissue, and 9%, from fresh tissue, of the total GAGs were obtained after using a papain hydrolysis. There was essentially no difference between fresh and cryopreserved tissues in the relative distribution of proteoglycans in the extracts and digestions except in the initial digestion step where more proteoglycans were obtained from collagenase solubilization of cryopreserved tissue than fresh tissue (p<0.05). The histologic status of the fresh and cryopreserved porcine aortic conduit did not differ markedly. The normal tissue architecture was not affected markedly by the cryopreservation procedure as neither alteration of elastic structure, fibrous proteins nor alteration of nuclear distribution or smooth muscle cell morphology was detected. Quantitative tissue mineral studies revealed that the mean calcium content of the cryopreserved aorta conduit tissue $(165{\pm}3\;{\mu}g/g\;wet\;tissue)$ was higher than that of the fresh tissue $(105{\pm}4\;{\mu}g/g\;wet\;tissue)$ $(p<0.05)$. The mean phosphorus content was $703{\pm}35\;{\mu}g$ wet tissue from cryopreserved tissue and $720{\pm}26\;{\mu}g$ wet tissue from fresh tissue. The study indicates that there is no significant alteration in the distribution of PGs in properly cryopreserved tissue, but the total calcium level appears to be increased in tissue cryopreserved by the cryopreservation process used in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.588-593
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• 2004

The gene expression of porcine adiponectin and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) was investigated in this study. The partial gene sequences for adiponectin and SCD were amplified by RT-PCR from subcutaneous adipose tissue and cloned by TA cloning techniques. Sequences of these genes were determined and found to be highly homologous to that of other species, suggesting similar function of these genes as in other species. The transcripts of these adipocyte-related genes in pig tissues were measured by Northern analysis. The transcripts for adiponectin and SCD were highly expressed in porcine subcutaneous adipose tissue; the transcripts for SCD were also barely detected in the liver, but the greatest concentrations were in the adipose tissue. In porcine stromalvascular cells (S/V cells) cultured in vitro, transcripts for adiponectin and SCD increased gradually during adipocyte differentiation. The level of adipocyte adiponectin mRNA was associated with late adipocyte differentiation, indicating the gene may not be involved in adipocyte differentiation but has great importance in porcine adipocyte functions. The SCD transcripts were not detectable until 2 d after induction of adipocyte differentiation. It was highly expressed in differentiating porcine adipocytes (2 to 10 d after the induction of adipocyte differentiation), indicating a significant role of SCD in adipocytes.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.353-365
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• 2021

Previously, we reported that tissue factor (Tf) was included in the list of differentially expressed genes as an upregulated gene in a rejected porcine heart after xenotransplantation into monkey. In this study, we analyzed that expression of Tf in aortic endothelial cells (pAEC) isolated from alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig in response to allogeneic porcine serum and xenogeneic human serum. The consequence was significant upregulation of Tf expression by responding to human serum compared with porcine serum. To analyze the function of Tf gene as a promoter, we constructed reporter vectors for expression of luciferase linked to 1,246 and 787 base pairs of porcine Tf (pTF1246 and pTF787), and 535 base pairs of human TF (hTF535) sequences including putative promoter regions and AP-1 biding site at the 5' end. The reporter vectors were transfected into pAEC including cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β-actin (CAG)-luciferase vector as a control. Luciferase assay showed that all of the promoters were insufficient to express luciferase compared with CAG promoter in basic culture conditions. Notably, pTF1246, pTF787, and hTF535 led to a significant increase of luciferase expression in response to human serum compared with porcine serum while no change of CAG. pTF1246 and pTF787 showed higher expression than hTF535. Taken together, our findings suggest that pTF1246 and pTF787 promoters could mediate target gene expression specifically at xenogeneic stress condition.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the prevention effect of poly-gamma-glutamic acid (${\gamma}-PGA$) on tissue damage induced by gamma irradiation for development of xenograft. Porcine tendons were treated at various doses of ${\gamma}-PGA$ (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5%) and then gamma-irradiated (30 kGy). Prevention effects on tissue damage were measured as the result of tensile strength, hydroxyproline contents and viscosity of ${\gamma}-PGA$. Tensile strength was remarkably decrease in gamma-irradiated porcine ligament, but increased by ${\gamma}-PGA$ treated one. Among the ${\gamma}-PGA$ treatment doses, 1% treated group showed the highest values of tensile strength compared to non-treated group. Hydroxyproline contents was significantly increased by gamma irradiation, but decreased by the ${\gamma}-PGA$ treatment. Particularly, 1 and 5% ${\gamma}-PGA$ treated group were exhibited lower values of hydroxyproline contents than other group. In the result of viscosity, gamma-irradiated ${\gamma}-PGA$ (1%) was remarkably increased. Base on the results, it demonstrated that gamma irradiation induces severe alteration of mechanical property and collagen contents on porcine ligament, but ${\gamma}-PGA$ can effectively prevent these tissue damage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.640-648
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• 2010

Insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is a member of the glucose transporter family and mainly presents in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. To clarify the molecular structure of porcine GLUT4, RACE was used to clone its cDNA. Several cDNA clones corresponding to different regions of GLUT4 were obtained by amplifying reverse-transcriptase products of total RNA extracted from Landrace porcine skeletal muscles. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA clones revealed that porcine GLUT4 cDNA was composed of 2,491 base pairs with a coding region of 509 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence was over 90% identical to human, rabbit and cattle GLUT4. The tissue distribution of GLUT4 was also examined by Real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA expression abundance of GLUT4 was heart>liver, skeletal muscle and brain>lung, kidney and intestine. The developmental expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor (IR) was also examined by Real-time RT-PCR using total RNA extracted from longissimus dorsi (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (SD) muscle of Landrace at the age of 1, 7, 30, 60 and 90 d. It was shown that there was significant difference in the mRNA expression level of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles of Landrace at different ages (p<0.05). The mRNA expression level of IR also showed significant difference at different ages (p<0.05). The developmental change in the mRNA expression abundance of GLUT4 was similar to that in IR, and both showed a higher level at birth and 30 d than at other ages. However, there was no significant tissue difference in the mRNA expression of GLUT4 or IR (p>0.05). These results showed that the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones was highly identical with human, rabbit and cattle GLUT4 and the developmental change of GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal muscles was similar to that of IR, suggesting that porcine GLUT4 might be an insulin-responsive glucose transporter. Moreover, the tissue distribution of GLUT4 mRNA showed that GLUT4 might be an important nutritional transporter in porcine skeletal muscles.