• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2011

To consider the iliac fossa as the vascular anastomosis site of kidney transplantation for the short-term study of acute rejection in pigs. Twelve domestic pigs weighing 39~48 kg underwent heterotopic renal allgraft transplantation. The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups in terms of renal vascular anastomosis site; the external iliac artery and vein were used in iliac fossa model (n = 6), the abdominal aorta and the caudal vena cava inferior to the kidney were used in abdominal cavity model (n = 6). Renal function was evaluated by daily measurement of plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations. The experiments' health including postoperative complications was also assessed daily for 8 days after transplantation. After euthanazation gross and histopathologic analysis was performed. All six pigs in iliac fossa model developed neuropraxia and lameness of the ipsilateral pelvic limb. However, no necrosis was observed in any pigs. In the abdominal cavity model, durations of both the surgical operation and the vascular anastomosis were significantly longer than those in the iliac fossa model. Furthermore, ischemia injury of the transplanted kidney was increased in abdominal cavity model, which induced accelerated-acute immune response from day 4 after transplantation. Despite of pelvic limb complication, the iliac fossa model showed more advantages including not only less ischemia time related to easy vascular anastomosis, but also less immune response during the acute rejection period. The results indicate that the iliac fossa model may be appropriate to the study of acute rejection in porcine kidney transplantation.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.9
• /
• pp.1418-1425
• /
• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fish meal (FM) and blood-derived protein sources including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), porcine red blood cells (PRBC), and blood meal (BM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Ten barrows (mean initial body weight of 22.1±1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to a duplicated 5×4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 experimental diets and 4 periods. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain FM, SDPP, PRBC, or BM as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared and included to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. For the 7-day experimental period, pigs were fed for 5 days as adaptation, and ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 hours on days 6 and 7. Results: The SID of crude protein in BM (48.0%) was less (p<0.05) than in FM, SDPP, and PRBC (83.4%, 83.9%, and 87.3%, respectively). Pigs fed the diet containing BM had less (p<0.05) SID of AA, except isoleucine and proline, than those fed the diet containing FM, SDPP, or PRBC. Among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, there was no difference in the SID of crude protein and all AA, except isoleucine. The SID of isoleucine in PRBC and BM (62.7% and 48.3%, respectively) was less (p<0.05) than in FM and SDPP (88.0% and 84.9%, respectively). The SID of lysine in FM, SDPP, PRBC, and BM was 85.4%, 84.9%, 89.7%, and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The SID of most AA was not different among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, but BM had lower SID of most AA than FM, SDPP, and PRBC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.338-345
• /
• 2001

An experiment was conducted to determine the optimal inclusion ratio of spray dried plasma protein (SDPP) and dried porcine solubles (DPS) for maximizing growth and improving immunity in weaned pigs. One hundred-fifty male (barrow) pigs were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were as follows: 1) control (6% SDPP), 2) S6D6 (6% SDPP+6% DPS), 3) S6D3 (6% SDPP+3% DPS), 4) S3D6 (3% SDPP+6% DPS) and 5) S3D3 (3% SDPP+3% DPS). Each treatment has 6 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were highest, but not significantly different when pigs were fed a diet contained 6% SDPP and DPS from d 0 to 7 after weaning. Pigs fed the S6D3 diet showed better weight gain and feed intake than other treatments, especially compared with pigs fed S3D6 diet (p<0.05) from d 8 to 21 after weaning. For the overall experimental period, pigs fed the S6D3 diet showed the best improvement in ADG and ADFI. The digestibilities of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) were higher in pigs fed the S6D6 diet than other diets from d 0 to 7 after weaning. However, pigs fed S6D3 diet showed higher DM, CP and essential amino acids (except methionine and arginine) digestibilities than pigs fed other diets from d 8 to 21 after weaning, although there was no significant difference. From d 8 to 21 after weaning, threonine, valine, isoleucine and leucine digestibilites were higher in S6D6 group, and phenyalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine digestibility were higher in S6D3 group than other groups. The ratio of CD4 and CD8 positive lymphocytes during the overall experimental period was independent of the ratio of SDPP and DPS. However, CD4+:CD8+ ratio was numerically lowered in pigs fed diet the S6D3 diet. Therefore, the present study suggests that an optimal inclusion ratio for maximizing growth performance and maintaining low immune status is 6% of SDPP and 3% of DPS in weaned pigs.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2008

Acid-labile subunit(ALS) is a 85-kDa glycosylated plasma protein which forms a 150-kDa ternary complex with 7.5-kDa insulin-like growth factor(IGF) and 40~45-kDa IGF-binding protein-3. In a previous study, the present authors prepared a porcine ALS(pALS) expression construct by inserting a pALS coding sequence into a plasmid vector following synthesis of the sequence by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The expression construct, however, was subsequently found to have a mis-sense mutation at two bases of the pALS coding sequence which is presumed to have occurred through a PCR error. In the present study, the correct coding sequence was synthesized by the site-directed mutagenesis and inserted into the pET-28a(+) plasmid expression vector containing the His-tag sequence flanking the last codon of the insert DNA. After induction of the expression construct in E. coli BL21(DE3) cells, the resulting presumptive recombinant peptide was purified by the Ni-affinity chromatography. Upon SDS- PAGE, the affinity-purified peptide was resolved as a single band at a 66-kDa position which is consistent with the expected molecular mass of the presumptive recombinant pALS. Collectively, results indicate that a recombinant pALS peptide was successfully expressed and purified in the present study.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2003

The present study were performed to analysis the hematocrit and the red blood cells content into the blood plasma of the transgenic pigs harboring recombinent human erythropoietin gene (rhEPO). Mouse whey acidic protein (mWAP) linked to rhEPO gene was microinjected into pronuclei of porcine one-cell zygotes. After delivered of offspring, PCR analyses identified one mWAP-rhEPO transgenic founder offspring(F$_{0}$). The first generation of transgenic pig (F$_{0}$) harboring mWAP-hEPO appeared to be a male, and the second generation (F$_1$) pigs were made by natural mating of F$_{0}$ with domestic swine, and male and female transgenic pigs (F$_1$) were identified by PCR. The blood samples from transgenic and normal pigs were collected for 50 days during lactation and were counted the red blood cell (RBC) numbers and Hematocrit (HCT) content into the blood. The transgenic pigs expressing rhEPO in their blood gave rise to higher RBC numbers and HCT contents than control animals. rhEPO was secreted both in the blood and milk of genetically engineered pigs harboring rhEPO gene. Therefore, this study provides a model regarding the production of transgenic pig carrying hEPO transgene for biomedical research.earch.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 2004

Urokinase is an enzyme with fibrinolytic activity (plasminogen activator) isolated from fresh urine of healthy men. Viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical preparation of the protein from urine. In order to increase the viral safety of a high purity urokinase in regard to non-enveloped viruses, a virus removal process using a novel polyvinylidene fluoride membrane filter (Viresolve NFP) has been optimized. Urokinase was able to pass through the filter with recoveries of 95% in the production scale process. No substantial changes were observed in physical and biochemical characteristics of the filtered urokinase in comparison with those of the enzyme before filtration. A 47-mm disk membrane filter was used to simulate the process performance of the production scale cartridges and tested if it could remove several experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including porcine parvovirus (PPV), human hepatitis A virus (HAV), murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), and bovine herpes virus (BHV). Non-enveloped viruses (PPV, HAV, and EMCV) as well as enveloped viruses (BVDV and BHV) were completely removed during filtration. The log reduction factors achieved were $\geq$4.86 for PPV, $\geq$4.60 for HAV, $\geq$6.87 for EMCV, $\geq$4.60 for BVDV, and $\geq$5.44 for BHV. These results indicate that the virus filtration process successfully improved the viral safety of the final products.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.5
• /
• pp.997-1003
• /
• 2008

Viral safety is a prerequisite for manufacturing clinical antihemophilic factor VIII concentrates from human plasma. With particular regard to the hepatitis A virus (HAV), a terminal dry-heat treatment ($100^{\circ}C$ for 30 min) process, following lyophilization, was developed to improve the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor VIII concentrate. The loss of factor VIII activity during dry-heat treatment was of about 5%. No substantial changes were observed in the physical and biochemical characteristics of the dry-heat-treated factor VIII compared with those of the factor VIII before dry-heat treatment. The dry-heat-treated factor VIII was stable for up to 24 months at $4^{\circ}C$. The dry-heat treatment after lyophilization was an effective process for inactivating viruses. The HAV, murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were completely inactivated to below detectable levels within 10 min of the dry-heat treatment. Bovine herpes virus (BHV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) were potentially sensitive to the treatment. However porcine parvovirus (PPV) was slightly resistant to the treatment. The log reduction factors achieved during lyophilization and dry-heat treatment were ${\geq}5.55$ for HAV, ${\geq}5.87$ for EMCV, ${\geq}5.15$ for HIV, 6.13 for BHV, 4.46 for BVDV, and 1.90 for PPV. These results indicate that dry-heat treatment improves the virus safety of factor VIII concentrates, without destroying the activity. Moreover, the treatment represents an effective measure for the inactivation of non-lipid-enveloped viruses, in particular HAV, which is resistant to solvent/detergent treatment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.41 no.5
• /
• pp.826-839
• /
• 2021

A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with two concentrations (0% and 0.3%) of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit by-product (RCFB) on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi (LL) porcine muscle from Berkshire finishing pigs meat. Results revealed that regardless of the sex, diets supplemented with 0.3% RCFB reduced (p<0.05) the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) expressed as malonaldehyde (MDA) content effectively. A higher antioxidant capacity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity] was found (p<0.05) in response to feeding supplemented with 0.3% RCBF for male or female pigs. Moreover, 0.3% RCFB dietary feed increased (p<0.05) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities (GPX1) in blood plasma for male or female pigs. However, no influences were observed (p>0.05) on meat color, WHC, shear force, and fatty acid contents while fed diet supplemented with 0% or 0.3% RCFB for male or female pigs. Overall, this study suggests that a diet supplemented with 0.3% RCFB may beneficially affect owing to better oxidative stability, higher antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity (blood plasma) in pigs which could be a promising natural antioxidant without affecting meat quality traits.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 1998

The objectives of this study were to produce polyclonal antibody to adipocyte plasma membrane (APM) proteins isolated from pig, and to investigate its tissue specificity. Plasma membrane proteins from adipocyte, brain, heart, kidney, liver and spleen were isolated using a self-forming Percoll gradient. Sheep (40kg) was immunized three times at three week interval with the purified APM proteins. Blood was taken from non-immunized sheep (NS) and from immunized sheep at 10 (AS-1), 12 (AS-2), and 14 (AS-3) days after the third immunization. Antisera titers and cross-reactivity against other tissues were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antisera reacted strongly to APM proteins showing detectable amounts of antibody at 1：81,000 dilution. And antisera showed much stronger reactivity to APM proteins than any other tissue plasma membrane proteins. Furthermore, tissue specificity of antisera against APM was reconfirmed by immunoblotting using anti-sheep immunoglobulin G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a secondary antibody Antisera to APM proteins showed adipocyte specificity compared with other tissues. In conclusion, polyclonal antibody against APM proteins isolated from pig was developed successfully in our laboratory, and these antisera showed tissue specificity with APM.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.37-44
• /
• 2011

We investigated the optimum formulation to improve the gelling ability of squid, Dosidicus gigas, surimi. The solubility of minced squid muscle was highest at pH 10.7, and lowest at pH 5.0. The yields of conventional surimi and protein recovery after alkaline pH-shift processing were $68.1{\pm}2.4%$ and $65.3{\pm}2.6%$, respectively, whereas the protein recovery with acidic pH-shift processing was only $21.2{\pm}1.6%$. The addition of 5% starch decreased the breaking force regardless of the kind of starch, while the mixture of corn, potato, and wheat starch (total 15%) increased the breaking force by up to 1.9 fold. The addition of 5% egg white, 5% porcine plasma protein, 0.3% $CaCl_2$, and 0.3% Polymix GA significantly increased the breakingforce (P<0.05). None of the ingredients examined in this study significantly affected the deformation value (P<0.05). The optimum concentrations of egg white and $CaCl_2$ to obtain a breaking force of 55 g and a whiteness of 70 were 2.69% and 0.22%, respectively.