• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.15-30
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• 1983

To select the superior clones of Populus alba ${\times}$ Populus glandulosa $F_1$, growth and some growth-related physiological characters were examined for thirteen, one-year-old and fifteen, two-year-old clones, respectively at the Seoul National University nursery in Suweon, Clonal differences in growth (total dry weight per tree), leaf area per tree and leaf chlorophyll content per tree at tow-year-old plots were highly significant at the 1% level, but not at one-year-old plots, Highly significant correlation was found between leaf area per tree and total dry weigh per tree (r=0.865), between leaf chlorophyll content per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.888), and between photosynthetic ability per tree and total dry weight per tree (r=0.745). The photosynthetic ability and leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area of one-year-old plant increased with increasing leaf order number from top. reached maximum value in the twenty-eithth and thirty-third leaves, respectively, and then decreased gradually from those leaved to base, Clones 68-1-54, 66-26-55 and 65-22-11 showed test growth based on leaf area per tree, leaf chlorophyll content per unit leaf area and photosynthetic ability of leaf tissue per unit area. Growth yield of populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa $F_1$ clones could be estimated from either leaf area per tree of leaf chlorophyll content per tree. Therefore, measurements of leaf area and leaf chlorophyll content appear useful to select superior populus clones early growth.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.114-120
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• 2009

The bark of Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa was collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone. Then it was successively partitioned with n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc and $H_2O$. Repeated Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparative TLC on the EtOAc soluble fraction gave a grandidentatin isomer. The structure was elucidated as grandidentatin A (cis-2-hydroxycyclohexyl 6-O-p-coumaroyl-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside) on the basis of spectroscopic evidences such as $^1H$-NMR, $^{13}C$-NMR, 2D-NMR and MALDI TOF-MS spectrum followed by acid hydrolysis. Grandidentatin A was identified here for the first time in Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa bark, and to the bset of our knowledge it has not been reported in any other literature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

Flat-sawn 32 mm-thick boards of Populus alba×P. glandulosa, one of major plantation species in this country, were dried in conventional, high-temperature and microwave-vacuum (MW/V) kilns. The average green specific gravity of the specimens used in this study was 0.349±0.074. Their average green moisture contents of heartwoods and sapwoods were around 200% and 100%, respectively. From green to oven-dry they shrunk 2.4 and 7.3% in radial and tangential directions, respectively, and there was no discrepancy between heartwoods and sapwoods. It took 65, 35 and 22 hours to dry from green to 10% moisture content in conventional, high-temperature and MW/V kilns, respectively. A colorimetry study showed that the surface color of the specimens dried in a MW/V kiln was clearer and lighter than those in other kilns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1979

The arrangement and the number of vascular bundle in petiole were investigated with the hybrid Populus alba${\times}$P. glandulosa and both parents. 1. The variation in number and the arrangement of the vascular bundle in petiole were smaller at middle point than at nearer point to the leaf blade. 2. A small variation was found in the arrangement of the vascular bundle within a tree, same clone and same species. 3. Five shapes of vascular bundle were recognized in the $F_1$ hybrid, 26.7 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid has the same shape with P. alba, 13.3 percent with P. glandulosa and 53.3 per cent of the $F_1$ hybrid shows the $F_1$ shape caused by hybridization. 4. The hybrid clones which show the same shape with P. alba are 66-20-1, 66-6-8, 65-22-11 and 64-6-44, hybrid clones of 65-95, 66-14-93 have the same shape with P. glandulosa. Hybrid clones of 66-15-3, 67-6-3, 65-22-4, 66-26-55, 68-1-54, 66-14-99, 65-29-19, 66-25-5 have $F_1$ shape.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2011

The effects of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and cadmium (Cd) on physiological properties and Cd uptake by Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Cd treatment decreased the photosynthetic rate ($P_N$) of both non-mycorrhizal (NM) plants (16.3%) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) plants (11.5%). In addition, the reduction in total dry weight by Cd treatment was greater in ECM plants (24.3%) than that in NM plants (17.6%). Mycorrhizal infection increased the $P_N$ and transpiration rate in both control and Cd-treated plants. Cd treatment increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased glutathione reductase activity, and the increase of SOD activity by Cd treatment was greater in NM plants (40.3%) than that in ECM plants (3.7%). Thiol content increased in both NM and ECM plants treated with Cd solution, and the increase in thiol content in NM plants (43.9%) was greater than that of ECM plants (15.6%). Cd uptake in the leaves, stems, and roots of ECM plants was 69.9%, 167.2% and 72.8%, respectively, higher than in the NM plants. However, the increase in Cd uptake ability of ECM plants resulted in a reduction in dry weight.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.11-31
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• 1980

The morphological, anatomical and physiological traits were eximined for Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa which is an important planting species in Korea. The results obtained are as follows: 1. External characters in the leaf shape and chaff shape in the catkin were inherited as incomplete dominance but nectar gland was inherited as dominance. 2. Among the 15 selected clones, 9 clones were male, 2 clones female and 2 clones monoecious. 3. There were well-developed cork layers and bast fiber bundles in the bark. 4. Primordial leaves composed of 3 layers of cells and those undifferentiated into palisade and spongy parenchymas differed in its origin. 5. Leaf scare consisted of two kinds of tissues; one is connected to vascular bundle and the other not to vascular bundle. Tissues which had been connected to vascular bundle were isolated with only 2 or 3 layers of cork cells from the outside. 6. There was complicated arrangement in the vascular bundle of petioles. 7. Growth of the hybrid was sensitively influenced by external temperature, day-length and amount of light. In particular, it was apparent in height growth. 8. Flatness, loam soils and a $60{\times}60cm$ spacing might be best factors for the growth of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa. 9. The rooting of 15 clones was dependant upon external factors. 10. The growth of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa was best at around 80% of soil moisture content on the basis of plot water capacity. 11. Temperature difference between inside and outside stems below 100cm during the winter was the greatest at the south among seasons and among directions. 12. The sap movement was markedly influenced by air temperature, relative humidity in forest stand and moisture content in stem. 13. Total sugars in the cortex changed with season but did not differ in the dircetion of the stem. 14. Isoperoxidase variations in the leaf were different among 15 clones. Thus, it may be useful as a criterium for clonal identification. 15. The rate of soil moisture content decreased at a rapid slope was faster than that at a slow slope. Poor growth of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa at the slope was probably due to depletion of soil moisture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.153-163
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• 1998

Genetic relationships of some poplars in the section Leuce, including 5 species and 11 clones of Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa, were investigated on the basis of RAPD marker analysis. Twenty-two of the 88 arbitrary 10-mer primers, showed reproducible amplification in the preliminary experiment with 6 samples, were used for PCR and generated a total of 181 RAPD markers. Genetic relationships among the analyzed samples were tested by two phenetic methods of the UPGMA and the neighbor-joining, which revealed the close genetic relationship between P. glandulosa and P. alba. And the close genetic relationship between P. glandulosa and P. davidiana was ascertained by the principal component analysis. Based on the observation of the close genetic relationship between them, it was deduced that P. glandulosa might be originated by the saltational speciation caused by the hybridization between P. alba and P. davidiana in nature.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of autohydrolysis and extraction conditions on the separation of the chemical substances, the extractability of lignin by dioxane, and the yield of reducing sugars from cellulosic substrates by using a commercial cellulase derived from Trichoderma viride. Air-dried wood meals through 0.42mm (40 mesh) screen and retained on 0.25 mm (60 mesh) of Populus alba-glandulosa and Pinus koraiensis were autohydrolyzed with water at $180^{\circ}C$ for 30 and/or 60 minutes in a 6 liter stainless-steel digester with or without 2% 2-naphthol. The hydrothermally-treated wood meals were extracted the lignin with 100%, 90%, 75% and 50% dioxane solutions at $70^{\circ}C$ for 4 hours, respectively. The results obtained were as follows; 1) After autohydrolysis of Populus alba-glandulosa, the yield of wood meals decreased with lengthening the auto hydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes and with 2% 2-naphthol addition. In case of Pinus koraiensis, the yield was not affected by 2%, 2-naphthol addition at the autohydrolysis in the digester. 2) After autohydrolysis and lignin extraction of Populus alba-glandulosa, the yield of wood meals decreased with lengthening the autohydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes and with 2% 2-naphthol addition. Extraction of 50% dioxane solution was the best solvent for the yield among the solutions of 100%, 90%. 75% and 50% dioxane. In case of Pinus koraiensis, the yield was not affected by 2% 2-naphthol addition and the solution of 90% dioxane was the poorest solvent for the yield. 3) After autohydrolysis and lignin extraction of Populus alba-glandulosa, the Klason lignin content in cellulosic substrates for enzymatic hydrolysis decreased with lengthening the autohydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes and with 2% 2-naphthol addition. Klason lignin content was the lowest after extraction by 90% or 75% dioxane solution. The content was also affected by interaction of the three factors-autohydrolysis time, 2% 2-naphthol addition and concentration of dioxane. In case of Pinus koraiensis, the Klason lignin content increased with 2% 2-naphthol addition but was not affected by the concentration of dioxane solution. 4) After autohydrolysis and lignin extraction of Populus alba-glandulosa, the extractable Klason lignin content by extraction increased with lengthening the auto hydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes and with 2% 2-naphthol addition. The extractable lignin content was the highest after extraction by 90% or 75% dioxane solution. In case of Pinus koraiensis, the extractable lignin content increased with 2% 2-naphthol addition. Extractions by 100%, 90% and 50% dioxane solutions were more effective for the extraction of Klason lignin than by 75% dioxane solution. 5) After autohydrolysis and lignin extraction of Populus alba-glandulosa, the yield of reducing sugars increased with lengthening the autohydrolysis time from 30 minutes to 60 minutes but was not affected by 2% 2-naphthol addition and the concentration of dioxane. The yield of reducing sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis was slightly higher by extractions with 90%, 75% and 50% dioxane solutions than with 100% dioxane. In case of Pinus koraiensis, the yield of reducing sugars was not affected by 2% 2-naphthol addition but affected by the concentration of dioxane. The yield of reducing sugars was the highest in cellulosic substrates extracted by 100% dioxane solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1986

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for isolation and culture of mesophyll protoplasts from Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa. The results obtained from the experiments are as follows; 1) The suitable concentration of BAP for shoot multiplication was 0.4 mg/l. 2) High yield and viability of isolated protoplasts were obtained by our high enzyme-short time incubation method. 3) Optimum enzyme concentrations for mesophyll protoplast isolation were Cellulase 2%, Macerozyme 0.8%, Hemicellulase 1.2%, Driselase 2%, and Pectolyase Y-23 0.05%. 4) 0.6M mannitol in enzyme solution was the most effective for protoplast isolation and viability. 5) The most adequate pH level of enzyme solution was pH 5.6. 6) The effect of DTT and MES buffer was significant. 7) For protoplast purification, 0.6M sucrose was the most proper concentration. 8) The adding effect of Dextran T40 in floating solution was important. 9) The mesophyll protoplasts isolated through our high enzyme-short time incubation method revealed successful response to culture condition over 3 weeks of culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1979

This study was conducted to widen the range of characteristics of the hybrids, P.alba ${\times}$ P.glandulosa, i.e. aiming for gene population expansion P.glandulosa seemed to have the similar characteristics as the one segregated from the natural hybrids between P.alba and P.davidiana. Thus the main objectives of this study were to make many crosses among poplars and then to identify leaf characteristics of the crosses similar to P.glandulosa, the results obtained can be summerized as follows; 1. Leaf characteristics such as leaf margin, presence of glands at leaf base and pubescence density, of crosses made from P.alba.davidiana ${\times}$ P.datidiana, and P.davidiana.alba ${\times}$ P.davidina showed 44% and 90%, respectively, of similarity to P.glandulosa. 2. The ratio of leaf size, including leaf length, leaf width, length from leaf base to width line, and petiole length, of the above crosses was similar to P.glandulosa. 3. Pubescence density of the dorsal leaf surface in hybrids between P.alba and P.davidiana showed generally intermediate of the parental appearance. Frequency of pubescence appearance differed from depending upon the use of P.alba, either as a female or a male parent. The use of P.alba as a male parent increased frequency of Pubescence appearance. 4. The presence of glands at the leaf base in P.glandulosa may be inherited from P.davidiana which possesses gland although gland is not present in all P.davidiana rather from P.alba which has no gland.