• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.4239-4242
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• 2013

It is reported that the expression level of MLL3 in gastric cancer tissue highly correlates with tumor progression. However, whether MLL3 genetic variants are associated with the risk of gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a genotyping analysis for MLL3 in 314 cases of gastric cancer and 322 controls from the Chinese Han population. 4 SNPs (rs6943984, rs4725443, rs3800836, rs6464211) were selected for the present analysis. We found 2 SNPs (rs6943984, rs4725443) of MLL3 gene were significantly associated with the risk of gastric cancer : the rs6943984 with the minor allele A and rs4725443 with the minor allele C revealed strong associations with increased gastric cancer risk [P < 0.001, OR=1.97, 95% CI=1.48~2.64 and P <0.001, OR=2.23, 95% CI=1.54~3.24]. Haplotype analysis of the four SNPs showed that haplotype A-T-A-C, G-T-G-C, and G-C-A-C increased the risk of gastric cancer (P <0.001, P=0.18, and P<0.001, respectively), while haplotype G-T-A-C significantly reduced the risk of gastric cancer (P <0.001). We concluded that MLL3 variants are significantly associated with gastric cancer risk. Our results for the first time provided new insight into susceptibility factors of MLL3 gene variants in carcinogenesis of gastric cancer of the Chinese Han population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7165-7169
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate any association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with the risk of lung cancer in a South Korean population. Methods: We conducted a large-scale, population-based case-control study including 3,933 lung cancer cases and 1,699 controls. Genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and smoking, we did not find any association between GSTM1 or GSTT1 and LC risk in women. However, in men, the GSTM1 and GSTTI null genotypes were borderline associated with risk (OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 for GSTM1, OR=1.18, 95% CI=0.99-1.41 for GSTT1), and combined GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes conferred an increased risk for LC in men (OR=1.39, 95% CI=1.08-1.78). The OR for the GSTT1 null genotype was greater in subjects aged 55 years old or younger (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.09-1.92 for men; OR=1.36, 95% CI=0.97-1.90 for women), than in those over age 55 (OR=1.03, 95% CI=0.83-1.27 for men; OR=0.86, 95% CI=0.66-1.12 for women) in both genders (p for interaction <0.05). Conclusions: In the Korean population, the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes are risk factors for LC in men; the GSTT1 null genotype has a more prominent effect on LC risk in younger people (age 55 years and under) than in older individuals.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.433-439
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• 2006

Purpose: DNA in most cell is regularly damaged by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. Unrepaired damage resulted in apoptosis or may lead to unregulated cell growth and cancer. Inheritance of genetic variants at one or more loci results in an reduced DNA repair capacity. These polymorphisms are highly prevalent in the population, and therefore the attributable risks for cancer could be high. Several studies have documented that polymorphisms of XRCC1, XPD and XRCC3 are associated with skin cancer, especially, XRCC1 among of them has been reported frequently. So, this study involves the relationship between mutation of XRCC1 of squamous cell and basal cell cancer of the skin and risk of cancer development in Korean population. Methods: In case control study, study population (n=100, each cancer) is patients who were pathologically diagnosed as skin cancer(squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) in Yonsei Wonju Christian Hospital and Bundang CHA General Hospital between 1998 and 2004. The samples of DNA from whom no history of premalignant skin lesion and other malignant diseases were reported belonged to the control group(n=210). Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for presence of XRCC1 Arg399Glu, Arg280His, Arg194Trp using PCR/ RFLP method. Results: For Korean, there was a significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene mutation and risk of basal cell carcinoma development(Arg 399Gln(GA), p=0.012, OR=2.016, 95% CI; 1.230-3.305) /Arg399Gln (AA), p=0.011, OR=1.864, 95% CI; 1.149-3.026)). And, there was also significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and risk of skin squamous cell carcinoma development (Arg194Trp (CT+TT), p=0.041, OR=0.537, 95% CI; 0.301-0.960)). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg280His and risk of either basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma development. Conclusions: Our result present that XRCC1 Arg399 Gln in basal cell carcinoma and XRCC1 Arg194Trp in squamous cell carcinoma have possibility of cancer risk and biomarker in Korean population. But XRCC1 Arg280 His known having cancer risk on other studies is not associated with cancer risk to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in Korean population.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

Objectives: To identify simultaneous behavioral changes in alcohol consumption, smoking, and weight using a fixed-effect model and to characterize their associations with disease status. Methods: This study included 7 000 529 individuals who participated in the national biennial health-screening program every 2 years from 2009 to 2016 and were aged 40 or more. We reconstructed the data into an individual-level panel dataset with 4 waves. We used a fixed-effect model for smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, and overweight. The independent variables were sex, age, lifestyle factors, insurance contribution, employment status, and disease status. Results: Becoming a high-risk drinker and losing weight were associated with initiation or resumption of smoking. Initiation or resumption of smoking and weight gain were associated with non-high-risk drinkers becoming high-risk drinkers. Smoking cessation and becoming a high-risk drinker were associated with normal-weight participants becoming overweight. Participants with newly acquired diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cancer tended to stop smoking, discontinue high-risk drinking, and return to a normal weight. Conclusions: These results obtained using a large-scale population-based database documented interactions among lifestyle factors over time.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2018

Macroscopic accident analyses have been conducted to incorporate transportation safety into long-term transportation planning. In macro-level accident prediction model, exposure variable(e.g. a settled population) have been used as fundamental explanatory variable under the concept that each trip will be subjected to a probable risk of accident. However, a settled population may be embedded error by exclusion of active population concept. The objective of this research study is to develop macro-level accident prediction model using floating population variable(concept of including a settled population and active population) collected from mobile phone data. The concept of accident prediction models is introduced utilizing exposure variable as explanatory variable in a generalized linear regression with assumption of a negative binomial error structure. The goodness of fit of model using floating population variable is compared with that of the each models using population and the number of household variables. Also, log transformation models are additionally developed to improve the goodness of fit. The results show that the log transformation model using floating population variable is useful for capturing the relationships between accident and exposure variable and generally perform better than the models using other existing exposure variables. The developed model using floating population variable can be used to guide transportation safety policy decision makers to allocate resources more efficiently for the regions(or zones) with higher risk and improve urban transportation safety in transportation planning step.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2005

Objectives: This study estimated the burden of disease due to high alcohol consumption using DALY, a composite indicator recently developed by the Global Burden of Disease study group. The results were analyzed by age and sex. Methods: Firstly, high alcohol consumption-related diseases, and their relative risk (RR), were selected. Secondly, population attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed using formulae, including the relative risk (RR) and prevalence of exposure (Pe). Thirdly, the DALYs of high alcohol consumption-related diseases were estimated. Lastly, the attributable burdens of diseases due to high alcohol consumption wereconcluded as being the sum of the products that multiplied the DALYs of high alcohol consumption-related diseases by their population attributable fraction (PAF). Results : The burden of high alcohol consumption in Korea was 2992.3 person years (PYs) per 100,000 persons in men, and 1426.6 in women. For men, the high alcohol consumption-induced diseases with the five biggest burdens were liver cirrhosis, hypertensive disease, liver cancer, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. For women, these were cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Conclusion: This study highlighted the attributable fraction of diseases due to exposure to high alcohol consumption, by quantifying the results of exposure to risk factors. Therefore, it is now possible to assess interventions for risk factors in quantifiable terms in each population. Finally, measuring the risk factor burdens was expected to contribute to priority setting and effective resource allocation in public health policy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권18호
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• pp.7763-7768
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• 2014

Background: Gastritis and gastric cancer are the most common diseases in the Kazakh population. Polymorphisms in genes coding of cytokines have been played important role with gastric disease risk. The risk alleles of cytokines in patients with gastritis can predict the risk of developing gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate cytokine gene polymorphisms as risk factors for the development of gastritis in a case-control study with gastritis patients and healthy individuals from the Kazakh ethnic group, living in North Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: The polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing were used for detection of two functional polymorphisms in the IL1 gene family, and TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay Sets were applied for three potentially functional polymorphisms in the IL10 gene, and one in the TNFA promoter. Results: Association analysis of studied allelic variants and the development of gastritis in H. pylori-positive patients showed that IL1B -31C/C, IL1B -511T/T and IL1RN -2/2 allelic variants were associated with development of gastritis (OR=1.8 (1.07-3.16), p=0.025; OR=1.7 (1.04-2.99), p=0.035, and OR=4.92 (2.45-9.85), p<0.001) respectively. Haplotype C-Т that combines both homozygous allelic variants of IL1B gene also had a statistically significant association with slightly higher OR (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.08-1.88). Conclusions: The data from the current study showed that the genotype IL-1B -511Т/-31C-IL1-RN-2 and H. pylori infection increase risk of gastritis in the Kazakh population. That genotype combination might be a factor increasing the risk of developing gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2015

Background: The gene for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which promotes angiogenesis and permeability, is polymorphic. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between +936C>T and +404C>G polymorphism of VEGF with risk of esophageal cancer in the Kashmiri population in India. Materials and Methods: 150 esophageal cancer patients and 150 unrelated healthy controls were genotyped for two VGEF SNPs (+405C/G, and +936C/T) using DNA extracted from prospectively collected blood samples by the PCR-RFLP method. Results: For the VEGF +936C>T polymorphism a significant association of CT and combined CT+TT genotypes was observed with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.021; 0.024). For the +405C>G polymorphism we observed significantly increased frequency of GG genotype in cases as compared to controls and also the +405 GG Genotype was observed to have a two fold risk(OR=2.7356; 95%CI=1.1409-6.5593; p=0.020). The combined genotypes of GG-CC and GG-CT of +405C>G and +936C>T were found to be significantly associated with increased risk of esophageal cancer (p=0.0376; 0.0099). Conclusions: From the results of the present study a significant association of +936C>T and +405C>G polymorphisms with increased esophageal cancer risk exists in the Kashmiri population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10691-10695
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• 2015

Background: Association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphisms with lung cancer susceptibility remains uncertain and varies with ethnicity. Northeast India represents a geographically, culturally, and ethnically isolated population. The area reports an especially high rate of tobacco usage in a variety of ways of consumption, compared with the rest of the Indian population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a population based case control study in two major high risk region for lung cancer from Northeast India. A total of 151 consecutive lung cancer cases diagnosed histopathologically and equal numbers of controls were recruited with record of relevant sociodemographic information. Blood samples were collected and processed to identify ACE gene polymorphism. Results: Significantly higher (40.4 % vs 29.1%, OR=1.97, CI=1.04-3.72; p=0.037) prevalence of the ACE II genotype was observed among lung cancer cases. Smoking was significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer (OR=1.70, CI=1.02-2.81; p=0.041). An enhanced risk was also observed for interaction of ACE II genotype with tobacco smoking (OR=4.09, CI=1.51-11.05; p=0.005) and chewing (OR=3.68, CI=1.22-11.13; p=0.021). Conclusions: The present study indicates significant association s of the ACE II genotype with lung cancer in high risk Northeast India.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권24호
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• pp.10683-10690
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• 2015

The big gap between efficacy of population level prevention and expectations due to heterogeneity and complexity of cancer etiologic factors calls for selective yet personalized interventions based on effective risk assessment. This paper documents our research protocol aimed at refining and validating a two-stage and web-based cancer risk assessment tool, from a tentative one in use by an ongoing project, capable of identifying individuals at elevated risk for one or more types of the 80% leading cancers in rural China with adequate sensitivity and specificity and featuring low cost, easy application and cultural and technical sensitivity for farmers and village doctors. The protocol adopted a modified population-based case control design using 72, 000 non-patients as controls, 2, 200 cancer patients as cases, and another 600 patients as cases for external validation. Factors taken into account comprised 8 domains including diet and nutrition, risk behaviors, family history, precancerous diseases, related medical procedures, exposure to environment hazards, mood and feelings, physical activities and anthropologic and biologic factors. Modeling stresses explored various methodologies like empirical analysis, logistic regression, neuro-network analysis, decision theory and both internal and external validation using concordance statistics, predictive values, etc..