• 한국인구학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.117-147
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• 2001

이 연구는 북한의 1994년 인구센서스 자료에 나타난 성 및 연령구조를 분석하기 위한 것이다. 이 연구에서는 우선 1994년 1월 남북분단 이후 최초로 실시된 북한 인구센서스의 배경과 특징을 설명하고, 아울러 가용한 자료들을 활용하여 북한인구의 추세와 현황을 개관하였다. 이 연구의 초점은 북한 인구센서스 자료의 성 및 연령구조와 관련된 몇 가지 문제를 제기하고, 이를 재검토하는 데 맞추어져 있다. 북한이 제공하고 있는 인구자료에는 16-25세 연령집단의 남녀 성비가 비정상적으로 낮게 나타나고 있다. 또한 총인구규모에 있어서도 연령별 인구합계와 지역별 인구합계가 다르게 기재되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 북한 인구센서스 자료에 나타난 성 및 연령구조의 특징과 정확도를 파악하기 위하여 몇 가지 지수들이 작성되었으며, 이러한 작업을 토대로 북한인구의 성 및 연령별 분포를 재구성하여 수정인구를 추정하는 시도가 이루어졌다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.559-570
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• 2005

본 연구는 부산시를 사례로 하여 인구변화가 쓰레기배출량에 미치는 영향을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 부산시는 1995년 이후 인구수와 쓰레기배출량이 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 구별로 인구수와 쓰레기배출량의 증가와 감소에 따라 5개 유형으로 구분되었으며, 1995년과 2003년의 구별 인구수와 쓰레기배출량의 상대적 평가를 위한 Z값을 분석한 결과, 1995년은 5개 유형으로, 2003년 6개 유형으로 구분되었다. 둘째, 쓰레기배출량과 인구수, 용도지역(주거지역, 상업지역, 공업지역)별 면적 및 광공업생산액 간의 상관관계를 각각 파악한 결과, 인구수, 주거지역 면적의 순으로 매우 강한 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 인구수와 주거지역 면적간에 공선성이 존재하여 인구수가 쓰레기배출량 해석을 위한 중요한 요인임은 물론 주거지역 면적의 특성까지 포함하여 설명할 수 있다. 셋째, 인구수가 쓰레기배출량에 미치는 영향 정도를 분석한 결과, 인구수는 쓰레기배출량을 92%이상 예측할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1493-1498
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide with a rising incidence rate in most countries. Considering the increase in life expectancy and change in lifestyle of Iranian women, this study investigated the age-adjusted trend of breast cancer incidence during 2000-2009 and predicted its incidence to 2020. Materials and Methods: The 1997 and 2006 census results were used for the projection of female population by age through the cohort-component method over the studied years. Data from the Iranian cancer registration system were used to calculate the annual incidence rate of breast cancer. The age-adjusted incidence rate was then calculated using the WHO standard population distribution. The five-year-age-specific incidence rates were also obtained for each year and future incidence was determined using the trend analysis method. Annual percentage change (APC) was calculated through the joinpoint regression method. Results: The bias adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer increased from 16.7 per 100,000 women in 2000 to 33.6 per 100,000 women in 2009. The incidence of breast cancer had a growing trend in almost all age groups above 30 years over the studied years. In this period, the age groups of 45-65 years had the highest incidence. Investigation into the joinpoint curve showed that the curve had a steep slope with an APC of 23.4% before the first joinpoint, but became milder after this. From 2005 to 2009, the APC was calculated as 2.7%, through which the incidence of breast cancer in 2020 was predicted as 63.0 per 100,000 women. Conclusions: The age-adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer continues to increas in Iranian women. It is predicted that this trend will continue until 2020. Therefore, it seems necessary to prioritize the prevention, control and care for breast cancer in Iran.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.154-164
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• 2022

Understanding temporal variations in wildlife populations is a prerequisite for conservation planning of wide-ranging species such as tigers (Panthera tigris). We determined the temporal variation in abundance, population growth, and sex ratios at different age and sex stages for a tiger population in Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve, India from November 2007 to February 2011 using motion-sensing cameras. We identified 19 male and 21 female tigers from stripe patterns during 16,110 trap nights within an area covering 233 km². The annual abundance of the population varied from 34.9 (mean)±3.8 (SE) to 23.9±1.5, with a declining trend in the mean annual change of abundance (-12%). The density of adult females remained stable across the study duration, but the densities of adult males and non-breeding tigers fluctuated. The sex ratio was female-biased (0.58 males/female) for breeding tigers and male-biased (1.74 males/female) for non-breeding tigers. Our results reinforce the importance of long-term studies for monitoring the naturally occurring processes in populations to develop population indicators and identify reliable baseline information for conservation and management planning of populations.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.71-102
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• 2020

This study analyzes the effect of demographic changes on economic growth. We use the supply-side output identity to forecast the growth potential of the Korean economy. According to the results, even based on optimistic assumptions and prospects, the economic growth rate is likely to fall drastically starting in 2020. Of course, to maintain growth potential, efforts to increase productivity are necessary. However, given the historical experience of developed countries, it is not clear whether the huge trend of demographic change can be offset by efforts to increase productivity. In the so-called '30-50 club' countries, both labor productivity and growth rate tend to fall after reaching the per capita income of $30,000. The degree of decline in the growth rate is closely related to changes in the working age population and the prime-age workforce. The results are similar when tracking the path of changes in total factor productivities of the economy. When a certain level of income is reached, the increase in total factor productivity also tends to slow down. The ripple effects of rapid changes in demographics will indeed be extensive. The negative impact is likely to be concentrated at a time when the working age population, the prime-age workforce, and the total population shrink simultaneously. Above all, it is necessary to use the government's fiscal space to block the possibility of a rapid fall in the growth rate. In addition, it is important to continuously implement various reform tasks that should be promoted, such as improving the education system and strengthening the social safety net.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.685-686
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• 2015

The world is currently undergoing an intense urbanization process. The percentage of urban dwellers has never been so high. In 2010, and for the first time, urban population surpassed the rural one, accounting for 51% of global population, and this trend will continue in the forthcoming years. This increment in concentration of population and supporting assets in cities, make their performance a critical issue for world population. Recent events such as Fukushima tsunami and the hurricane Katrina have shown how fragile built environments are and the unpredictability of occurrence and magnitude of the hazards. Such an expansion of the world's urban population, together with an increase in severity and number of hazards and catastrophes, has put under the spotlight the necessity to build cities not only sustainable, but resilient. Decision makers should acknowledge failure as an option, and the importance of developing city resilience. This paper will provide an initial review on urban resilience, definitions and assessment approaches as a first step for decision makers to account for resilience in their decision making process.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2024

Purpose: To analyze trends related to demography and EMS and to provide supporting data for the appropriate deployment of EMS providers. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on patients transported by 119 EMS, demographics, and EMS factors were collected using the Korean Statistical Information Service (KOSIS) and the National Fire Agency annual report from 2017 to 2021. Results: During the study period, the total number of patients and those with severe disorders transported via 119 EMS showed an increasing trend. The total fertility rate and population during the same period tended to decrease, and the population density and number of households increased; however, there was a disparity between regions. The main demographic factors affecting the number of patients transported were population density and total fertility rate, while the main EMS factors were the number of ambulances and provision of emergency medical information services(hospital guidance, pharmacy information, and first aid guidance). Conclusion: From the perspective of EMS providers' force deployment, it is necessary to consider population density, population, number of households, total fertility rate, and number of emergency medical institutions and to strengthen the role of diverting the use of 119 EMS by minor patients by providing emergency medical information.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

This study analyzed the trend of relationship between hospital departments. Hospitals directory issued by Korean Hospital Association in 2009 was used to collect the study sample data. The study sample used 188 hospitals established during the four years from 2005 to 2008, and bed size, establishment year was identified in the directory. Population variable in 2009 was taken from the website of Statistics Korea. SAS 9.2 was used for the statistical analysis. In regression analysis, year of establishment (2008) was statistically significant in explaining the number of hospital departments. Hospitals established in 2008 showed significant positive number of department than other years. Study hospitals showed increasing number of hospital departments during four years. Further study will be needed to analyze the effects of hospital departments on their performances.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 1989

The changing trend of longevity from 1955 through 1985 and its interprovincal variation were studied with longevity rate as indicator. In order to detect the affecting factors of longevity rate, eleven urbanalizational, geographic-environmental, demographic and social-economic variables were employed to carry out multiple stepwise regression analysis. The data used for this study were from Population Census Reports 1955-1985 published by EPB and Year book of Public Health and Social Statistics 1986 published by Ministry of Health and Social Affairs and other reference. Subsequent to that longevity rate decreased during 1950's it has increased continuously by the yeat of 1980's. This trend was especially remarkable in the south area and the GIRI mountain area in Korea. The stepwise regression analysis shows that the longevity rates were significantly associated with the independent variables, and the dependent variables explained at the level of 93.7percent-99.9 percent. Longevity is a reflection of the demographic and socio-economic, environmental and health resourses factor etc., longevity problems cannot be dealt with in isolation. The possible research and services which could be provided by government will be discuss.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.