• Title/Summary/Keyword: Poorly drained soils

Search Result 42, Processing Time 0.028 seconds

Compaction Characteristics of Multi-cropping Paddy Soils in South-eastern Part of Korea (우리나라 동남부 다모작 논토양의 경반화 특성)

  • Yun, Eul-Soo;Jung, Ki-Yeul;Park, Ki-Do;Sonn, Yeon-Kyu;Park, Chang-Yeong;Hwang, Jae-Bog;Nam, Min-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.44 no.5
    • /
    • pp.688-695
    • /
    • 2011
  • This study was carried out for some survey about soil compaction in the multi-cropping system of paddy field. Investigated sites were 90 farmer's fields in south-eastern part of Korea. The tillage practices season was different according to cropping system of paddy; in spring for mono rice cultivation and in autumn for the multi-cropping field. The average tillage depth in investigated sites was about 25 cm, however, it is different between the farmer's tillage practices and soil characteristics. It is high correlation to tillage deep and minimum resistance of penetration. The reaching soil deep to maximum resistance of penetration was about 27 cm, and average penetration resistance of the deep is 1.8~2.0 MPa for moderately fine-textured soils and more than 3.0 MPa for moderately coarse-textured soils. The difference of penetration resistance between cultivating and compacted layer was in order to sandy loam > clayey loam > clayey, and the difference was lesser in poorly drained soils than somewhat poorly ones. In the rice mono cropping field, the maximum resistance in no-tillage for 15 years was 1.18~1.25 Mpa at 20~25 cm in soil deep, however, the resistance of field with every year tillage practices was 2.03~2.21 Mpa. In the extremely compacted sandy loam textured soils, the penetration resistance at 30 cm in soil depth was drastically reduced by the subsoil from 5.2 Mpa to 3.2 Mpa, and the watermelon root in plastic film house was deep elongated.

Effects of the Drainage Methods on Phenolic Compounds and Radical Scavenging Activity of Foxtail Millet and Proso Millet (배수방법이 조와 기장의 페놀성분 및 라디칼 소거활성에 미치는 영향)

  • Jung, Ki Yuol;Ko, Jee Yeon;Lee, Jae Saeng;Jeong, Mi Sun;Oh, In Seok;Woo, Koan Sik
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
    • /
    • v.59 no.3
    • /
    • pp.282-292
    • /
    • 2014
  • This study investigated the changes of antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity of foxtail millet (FM) and proso millet (PM) by drainage methods in poorly drained sloping paddy field. The experimented soils in this study were very poorly drained (VPDP) and imperfectly drained paddy soil (IDP). Two drainage methods namely under pipe drainage (UPD) and open ditch (ODD) were installed within 1-m position at the lower edge of the upper paddy fields. The soil moisture contents of UPD and ODD on VPDP were $18.52{\pm}4.58$ and $19.01{\pm}4.25%$, and IDP were $14.87{\pm}4.82$ and $18.64{\pm}3.85%$, respectively. Generally, crop yields, proximate and minerals composition of FM and PM showed significant differences by drainage methods. The total polyphenol, flavonoid and tannin contents, and radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extracts of FM and PM showed significant differences by drainage methods. The total polyphenol content of FM and PM by drainage methods was 1.69~2.30 and 1.18~1.35 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content was 0.31~0.76 and 0.27~0.41 mg CE/g, and total tannin content was 0.36~0.54 and 0.21~0.28 mg TAE/g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of FM and PM was 39.53~59.81 and 27.91~40.25 mg TE/100 g, and ABTS radical scavenging activity was 113.59~152.10 and 61.38~79.19 mg TE/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant compounds and radical scavenging activity of FM and PM by drainage methods were frequently affected soil water.

Characterizations of Yields and Seed Components of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) as Affected by Soil Moisture from Paddy Field Cultivation

  • Chun, Hyen Chung;Jung, Ki Yuol;Choi, Young Dae;Lee, Sanghun;Kim, Sung-Up;Oh, Eunyoung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.50 no.5
    • /
    • pp.369-382
    • /
    • 2017
  • Accurate and optimal water supply to cereal crop is critical in growing stalks and producing maximum yields. Recently, upland crops are cultivated in paddy field soils to reduce overproduced rice in Korea. In order to increase productivity of cereal crops in paddy fields which have poor percolation and drainage properties, it is necessary to fully understand crop response to excessive soil water condition and management of soil drainage system in paddy field. The objectives of this study were to investigate effects of excessive soil water to sesame growth and to quantify stress response using groundwater levels. Two cultivars of sesame were selected to investigate; Gunbak and Areum. These sesames were planted in paddy fields located in Miryang, Gyeongnam with different soil drainage levels and drainage systems. The experiment site was divided into two plots by drainage class; very poorly and somewhat poorly drained. Two different drainage systems were applied to alleviate excessive soil water in each plot: open ditch and pipe drainage system. Soil water contents and groundwater levels were measured every hour during growing season. Pipe drainage system was significantly effective to alleviate wet injury for sesame in paddy fields. Pipe drainage system decreased average soil moisture content and groundwater level during sesame cultivation. This resulted in greater yield and lignan contetns in sesame seeds than ones from open ditch system. Comparison between two cultivars, Gunbak had greater decrease in growth and yield by excessive soil water and high groundwater level than Areum. Seed components (lignan) showed decrease in seeds as soil water increased. When soil moisture content was greater than 40%, lignan content tended to decrease than ones from less soil moisture content. Based on these results, pipe drainage system would be more effective to reduce wet injury to sesame and increase lignan component in paddy field cultivation.

Studies on the Interpretative Classification of Paddy Soils in Korea I : A Study on the Classification of Sandy Paddy Soils (우리나라 답토양(畓土壌)의 실용적분류(実用的分類)에 관(関)한 연구(硏究) -제1보(第一報) 사질답(砂質畓) 분류(分類)에 관(関)하여)

  • Jung, Yeun-Tae;Yang, Euy-Seog;Park, Rae-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.15 no.2
    • /
    • pp.128-140
    • /
    • 1982
  • The distribution and practical classification of sandy paddy soils, which have the most extensive acreage among low productive paddy soils in Korea and have distinctive improvement effects, were studied to propose a tentative new classification system of sandy textured paddy soils as a means of improving the "Paddy Soil Type Classification" scheme used. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The potential productivity of sandy textured paddy soils was about 86% of normal paddy and the coefficient of variation was relatively high indicating that the properties of soils included were not sufficiently homogeneous. 2. As the poorly drained and halomorphic (> 16 mmhos/cm of E.C. at $25^{\circ}C$) sandy soils are not included in the "Sandy Soil" type according to the criteria of "Soil Type Classification", the recommendation of "adding clay earth" become complicated, and the soil type have to change when the salts washed away or due to ground water table fluctuations. 3. Coarse textured soils were entirely included in the "Sandy Soils" in the tentative criteria of sandy soil classification proposed, and the sandy soils were subdivided into 4 subtypes that is "Oxidized leaching sandy paddy", Red-ox. intergrading sandy paddy", "Reduced accumulating sandy paddy" and "Reduced halomorphic sandy paddy". The system of sandy soil classification proposed were consisted of following categories; Type (Sandy paddy)-Sub-type (4)-Texture family (5)-Soil series (48). 4. The variation of productivities according to the proposed scheme was more homogenized than that of the present device. 5. The total extent of sandy paddy soils was 409, 902 ha (32.3% of total paddy) according to the present classification system, but the extent reached 492,983 ha (38.9%) by the proposed system. The provinces of Gyeong-gi (88.923ha), Jeon-bug (69.717 ha), Gyeong-bug (55.390 ha) have extensive acreage of sandy paddy soils, and the provinces that had high ratio of sandy paddy soils were Gang-weon (58.9%), Gyeong-gi (50.5%), Chung-bug (48.5%), Jeon-bug (41.0%) etc. The ratio was increased by the proposed scheme, e.g. 71.4% in the case of Gang-weon prov. 6. According to the suitability group of paddy soils, the sandy soils mostly belong to 3 class (69.1%) and 4 class (29.2%). Coarse loamy textural family (59.2%) and coarse silty (16.1 %) soils were dominantly distributed. 7. The "Red-ox. intergrading subtype" of sandy paddy pertinent to 49.6% (245,012 ha) while the "Oxidized leaching sub-type" reaches to 33.5% (64,890 ha) and the remained 16.9% (83,081ha) belong to "Reduced accumulating sub-type (14.0%) and "Reduced halomorphic sub-type (2.9%)" according to the proposed scheme.

  • PDF

Effects of Integrated Soil Amelioration Techniques to Mature Newly Established Research Fields

  • Jung, Sug-Jae;Hyun, Byung-Keun;Sonn, Yeon-Kyu;Cho, Hyun-Jun;Choi, Jung-Won;Lee, Pyeong-Ho;Lim, Dong-Hyuk
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.49 no.2
    • /
    • pp.208-217
    • /
    • 2016
  • The Rural Development Administration moved to Jeonju for the balanced development of the land. This situation required establishment of new research fields with soils appropriate to cultivation. We applied a variety of amelioration techniques to mature soils of new research fields of the National Institute of Agricultural Science (NAS) and evaluated effects of the integrated amelioration techniques. The schedule of amelioration was following: 1) location of research fields was determined, 2) surface and subsoil samples were collected separately, 3) after aligning the top level of research fields, subsoil and surface soil were re-established with soil amendment, 4) the green manure crops were grown four seasons to improve the uniformity and increase the organic content of the research field, and 5) drainage canal and/or underdrainage were applied to poorly drained fields. The last green manure crop was rape in RDA fields and green barley in NAS fields. The average height, fresh weight, and dry matter weight of rape in good condition were 123 cm, $3,938kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $651kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. The height, fresh weight, and dry matter of green barley, on average, were 97 cm, $3,013kg\;10a^{-1}$, and $1,004kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. In the chemical properties of paddy field, pH and levels of silicate, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were in appropriate range but organic matter content of $16g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum level. In the chemical properties of upland field, pH and levels of phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were appropriate range but organic matter content of $12g\;kg^{-1}$ was less than the optimum range. Evaluation of well-adapted soil was performed. The field in RDA was classified into the superior class with points ranging from 90 to 95 by the field evaluation test. The fields in NAS were mainly evaluated as the superior class with points greater than 85. However, some fields in NAS remained low quality with scores between 80 and 83. Further soil amelioration practices were suggested to fields with low soil quality.

Distribution of Weed Population in the Paddy Field in Korea, 1981 (최근(最近) 한국(韓國)의 논 잡초분포(雜草分布)에 관하여)

  • Oh, Y.J.;Ku, Y.C.;Lee, J.H.;Ham, Y.S.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
    • /
    • v.1 no.1
    • /
    • pp.21-29
    • /
    • 1981
  • Nationwide survey of weed population in paddy rice field was conducted from 1760 fields all around Republic of Korea in 1981. The weed species observed include 2 species of grasses, 7 species of sedges, and 18 species of broadleaf weeds, and the dominant weed species were Monochoria vaginalis, Sagitraria trifolia, Potamogeton distinstus, Sagittaria pygmea and Cyperus serotinus. More and many weeds were growing in single cropped field than double cropped field. In single cropped fields, weed population was reduced when autumn plowing was conducted. In double cropped fields, more weeds were growing in barley or wheat grown fields than vegetable gown fields. Among the five paddy soil types, more weeds were growing in saline soils and poorly drained soils than others. The proportion of annual and perennial weeds in national average was 44% and 56%, and perennials became more dominant in central part of the peninsula. Autumn plowing and double cropping appeared to reduce the perennial weed population, however, the increased perennial weed population, presumably due to continuous use of herbicides which controls mostly annuals, seemed to an urgent problem to be solved.

  • PDF

A Survey on the Occurrence of Barley Stripe Disease in Yoengnam Area (영남지방의 보리 줄무늬병 발생실태에 관한 조사연구)

  • Lee Do-Hee;Jung Yeun-Tae;Suh Deuk-Yong;Jin Young-Dae;Park Rae-Kyung
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
    • /
    • v.22 no.1 s.54
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 1983
  • The survey on the occurrence and distribution of barley stripe disease was conducted in the farmer's field of 19 gun (county) throughout Yeongmm area in May of 1982, in order to obtain a basic information on the breeding of resistant varieties, and for control of the disease. The percent of infected culms of barley stripe disease in Gyeongnam province (Southern Yeongnam) was higher $(13.7\%)$ them in Gyeong-bug $(6.9\%)$, northern Yeongnam, and especially, Ham-an, Milyang, Eui-chang and Weol-seong were severly occurred. The cultivar of Millyang 6 was slightly infected while the cultivars Olbori and Oweolbori were severely infected by the disease. Among soil conditions, the barley plant grown in the loam, clay and clay loam texture which have more availble moisture, and that of the plant cultivated in the poorly drained soils were shown to have severe infection. The barley plant grown in the soils in local valley $(18.8\%)$ where is frequently over saturated with water showed the more infection the barley plant grown in plains $(9.5\%)$. Generally, the poorer the soil drainage the more severeinfection occurred. Among cultivation conditions, the earlier the sowing dates of the barley, the less the percent of infected culms was observed. The heavier or lighter application of N fertilizer than the optimum to barley plant seemed to cause more infection.

  • PDF

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
    • /
    • v.5 no.2
    • /
    • pp.1-38
    • /
    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

  • PDF

Germanium Contents of Soil and Crops in Gyeongnam Province (경남지역의 토양 및 농작물중 게르마늄 함량)

  • Lee, Seong-Tae;Lee, Young-Han;Lee, Hong-Jae;Cho, Ju-Sik;Heo, Jong-Soo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
    • /
    • v.24 no.1
    • /
    • pp.34-39
    • /
    • 2005
  • To investigate the germanium content in paddy soil in Gyeongnam province, 310 paddy soil samples were collected at 19 areas in Gyeongnam, Ulsan and Busan. Contents of germanium in paddy soils were analyzed in different topographies, soil types and soil textures. Average content of germanium in Gyeongnam was 0.24 mr/kg, those of Masan, Jinju and Hadong were above 0.30 mg/kg. Germanium content with different topographies were no difference. Germanium contents in different soil types were 0.27 mg/kg in well adapted soil and 0.23 mg/kg in poorly drained soil. Germanium contents in different soil textures were 0.27 mg/kg in silt loam and 0.23 mg/kg in sandy loam. To determine germanium content on agricultural product in the field, content of germanium in cereals, vegetables and fruits were analyzed. Germanium content of agricultural product was high in the order of cereals>vegetables>fruits. In case of vegetables, germanium contents were high in the order of leaf vegetables>root vegetables>fruit vegetables. Germanium contents were high with 62 and $65{\mu}g/kg$ in lettuce and young radish, respectively. To analyze the germanium content in medicinal plant, samples were collected from 19 medicinal plants at Hamyang areas. Germanium contents in Angelica keiskei, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Panax ginseng and Atractylodes macrocephala were relatively high with $100{\mu}g/kg$ above.

Genome Wide Association Study for Phytophthora sojae Resistance with the Two Races Collected from Main Soybean Production Area in Korea with 210 Soybean Natural Population

  • Beom-Kyu Kang;Su-Vin Heo;Ji-Hee Park;Jeong-Hyun Seo;Man-Soo Choi;Jun-Hoi Kim;Jae-Bok Hwang;Ji-Yeon Ko;Yun-Woo Jang;Young-Nam Yun;Choon-Song Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
    • /
    • 2022.10a
    • /
    • pp.202-202
    • /
    • 2022
  • Recently days, soybean production in paddy field is increasing, from 4,422 ha in 2016 to 10,658 ha in 2021 in Korea. It is easy for Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSR) occurring in paddy field condition, when it is poorly drained soils with a high clay content, and temporary flooding and ponding. Therefore PSR resistant soybean cultivar is required. The objective of this study is to identify QTL region and candidate genes relating to PSR resistance of the race in main soybean cultivation area in Korea. 210 soybean materials including cultivars and germplasm were used for inoculation and genome-wide association study (GWAS). Inoculation was conducted using stem-scar method with 2 replications in 2-year for the race 3053 from Kimje and 3617 from Andong. 210 materials were genotyped with Soya SNP 180K chip, and structure analysis and association mapping were conducted with QTLMAX V2. The results of inoculation showed that survival ratio ranged from 0% to 96.7% and mean 9.7% for 3053 and ranged from 0% to 100% and mean 7.6% for 3617. Structure analysis showed linkage disequillibrium (LD) was decayed below r2=0.5 at 335kb of SNP distance. Significant SNPs (LOD>7.0) were identified in Chr 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 14, 15 for 3053 and Chr 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14 for 3617. Especially, LD blocks (AX-90455181;15,056,628bp~AX-90475572;15,298,872bp) in Chr 2 for 3053 and 3067 were duplicated. 29 genes were identified on these genetic regions including Glyma.02gl47000 relating to ribosome recycling factor and defense response to fungus in Soybase.

  • PDF