• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

The reciprocal interaction between sleep and pain has been reported by numerous studies. Patients with acute or chronic pain often complain of difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, shorter sleep duration, unrefreshing sleep, and poor sleep quality in general. According to the majority of the experimental human studies, sleep deprivation may produce hyperalgesic changes. The selective disruption of slow wave sleep has shown this effect more consistently, while results after selective REM sleep deprivation remain unclear. Patients with chronic pain have a marked alteration of sleep structure and continuity, such as frequent sleep-stage shifts, increased nocturnal awakenings, decreased slow wave sleep (SWS), decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and alpha-delta sleep. Many analgesic medications can alter sleep architecture in a manner similar to the effects of acute and chronic pain, suppressing SWS and REM sleep.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2023

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a number of physical, emotional, and biological changes that can exacerbate maternal psychological disturbances, such as body image concerns and depression. Sleep disturbances during pregnancy can also have adverse impacts. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, sleep disturbances, and body image concerns among pregnant women. The study also examined the relationship between these factors and pregnancy-related variables, such as bad obstetric history and whether the pregnancies were unplanned. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 146 pregnant patients was conducted at a tertiary care center over 15 months. The patients were administered the Beck Depression Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Body Image Concern Inventory questionnaires. Contingency tables, Fisher exact test, and Spearman correlation were used to identify underlying relationships. Results: The prevalence of depression was 22.6%. Although body image disturbance was noted in only 2.7% of patients, 46.6% had poor sleep quality. Poor sleep was associated with primigravida status. Bad obstetric history and unplanned pregnancy were associated with depression. Depression was found to be significantly correlated with body image disturbances and poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders were prevalent during pregnancy. This study highlights the importance of screening for depression in pregnant patients. Counselling and caregiver education can be useful for mitigating psychological disturbances. Management of pregnancies by multidisciplinary teams that include psychiatrists could be immensely useful in improving the pregnancy experiences of patients.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The subjects were composed of 308 children who visited the department of pediatrics, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ korean medicine hospital from January 2010 to May 2013. Results 1. Among 308 patients, there were 188 boys and 120 girls; their ratio was 1.57:1. The age distribution showed that 38.3% were in the age less than 1 years, 38.0% in 1 years, 7.8% in 2 years, 5.2% in 3 years, 3.3% in 4~5 years, 4.5% in 6~10 years, 2.9% in 19~21 years. 2. It was found that 36.7% of the sleep disorder was caused without motivation, 17.2% caused by negligent accidents, 13.9% by traffic accidents, 10.4% by the unfamiliar environment, 8.1% by separation from parents, 7.5% after suffering disease, and 6.2% by irritating sound. 3. The sleep onset insomnia accounts for 17.2% of sleep disorder, sleep maintenance insomnia for 67.5%, poor sleep quality 24.4%, and daytime sleep disorder takes 19.8%. The ratio of sleep onset insomnia in adolescence comprises larger proportion (44.4%) than it of any other age groups. 4. The symptoms complicated with sleep disorder are the respiratory infection which takes 25.3%, being easily startled 18.2%, anorexia 14.6%, soft stools frequency 13.0%, greenish stools 10.7%, and skin rash 10.7%. Conclusions The causes of sleep disorders, changes of sleeping patterns, and complicated diseases show diversity in children and adolescence. Further study of sleep disorders in children and adolescence should be progressed as well.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Objectives : This study collected sleep information by wearable device in the Korean medicine Daejeon citizen cohort (KDCC). It was measured based on the sleep record information measured by wearing a Fitbit, and the possibility of clinical use was examined for compliance with objective sleep collection. Based on compliance, the possibility of clinical use was examined. Methods : After surveying personal information and PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), sleep information was collected by Fitbit for 14 days. Compliance was measured based on sleep record information by Fitbit. Compliance was analyzed by sex, age, BMI(Body Mass Index), and sleep group(deep/poor). Results : The number of participants was 730, and the compliance was 94.3%, and the compliance group was 675(92.5%). The age of the participants varied from 30 to 60 years old, and the average age was 46±6.7 years. There were 218 males and 512 females. Young people have high compliance. Males are more compliance than females. As the BMI score decreased in the 30s, the compliance was higher. The underweight group in all age groups had 100 compliance. The underweight group was all female. The low compliance groups were that 30 years males (obesity level2), 50 years females (overweight group), and 50 years females (obesity level2). There was no significant difference in compliance between deep sleep group and poor sleep group. In deep sleep group, females showed higher compliance. In poor sleep group, males showed higher compliance. The average duration of Fitbit usage among participants was 20.1 days. The compliant group wore the device for an average of 21.3 days, while the non-compliant group wore it for only 5.2 days. Of the compliant group, 86.9% (73.8% of all participants) continued to wear the Fitbit after the recommended 14-day period, and 50.8% wore it for more than 20 days. Conclusions : This study showed the possibility of adaptation for wearing a Fitbit for collecting objective sleep information. It is judged that the compliance is high because it was worn for more than 13.2 days out of the 14 days required. It is considered meaningful because the compliance was measured based on the sleep information by Fitbit, not the questionnaire. As the data on objective sleep time is collected automatically, we believe that the burden on participants after the study period is not significant for a certain period. Compliance may be even higher for cohorts related to illnesses and with doctor's orders, rather than for the general population.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2021

Objectives: This study investigated sleep quality in female full-time homemakers and evaluated the relationship of sleep disturbance with psychological and socio-environmental factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study adopted a structured survey and sequential recruitment method for randomized participation of community-dwelling full-time female homemakers. Sleep quality and mental health were measured using the Korean version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (K-PSQI), Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (K-BDI-II), Korean version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (K-BAI), and Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) method was selected to measure the self-evaluated monetary value of household service work. The relationship among the main relevant factors was statistically analyzed through a mediation model. Results: A total of 166 participants were analyzed and classified having poor versus good sleep quality (poor : 24.1%, n = 40 ; good : 75.9%, n = 126 ; cut-off point = 9 on the K-PSQI). Significant between-group differences were observed in mental health status (K-BDI-II, p < 0.001 ; K-BAI, p < 0.001 ; K-BHS, p = 0.003). The moderated mediation model was verified, indicating that depression may mediate the association between nurturing burden and sleep disturbance. The path from nurturing burden to depression may be moderated by average monthly household income. Conclusion: A relatively high portion of full-time female homemakers may suffer from sleep disturbance and interactions between psychological and socio-environmental factors might determine sleep quality, suggesting the need for public health policies targeting improvement of sleep quality and mental health among full-time homemakers.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2024

Objectives: Cold extremities have been suggested to correlate with sleep disturbances. This study aims to explore the relationship between thermal sensations in body, encompassing both cold and heat sensations, with sleep quality and insomnia. Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were utilized to assess thermal sensations in body, sleep quality and symptoms of insomnia in middle-aged women. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to ascertain the association between thermal sensations in body and both sleep quality and insomnia symptoms. Results: Among 899 participants, 255 (28.4%) were categorized in the cold sensation group, 95 (10.6%) in the heat sensation group, 70 (7.8%) in the group with both cold and heat sensations, and 479 (53.3%) in the no-sensation group. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Insomnia Severity Index were notably higher in the group experiencing both sensations when compared to the no-sensation group. After adjustments for covariates, the odds ratios for poor sleep quality, moderate/severe insomnia, and long sleep latency were significantly elevated in the group with both sensations when compared to the no-sensation group. The odds ratios for poor sleep quality in the cold sensation group and for moderate/severe insomnia and low sleep efficiency in the heat sensation group were significantly higher when compared to the no-sensation group. Conclusions: The risk for sleep disturbances varied depending on the presence of thermal sensations in body, with the greatest risk observed for low sleep quality and insomnia in individuals experiencing both cold and heat sensations.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.2609-2619
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship among the depression, physical condition, daily living activities, and sleep state among old people at elderly care facilities. The subjects include old people aged 65 or older residing at an elderly care facility. At elderly care facilities, the depression of old people was related with the state of vision, mastication ability, quality of sleep, and sleep state. The degree of relation was high in the group with a poor vision, the one with a bad condition of teeth, the one that considered their quality of sleep to be poor, and the one with somnipathy. Their depression had negative correlations with age and positive ones with mastication ability and assessment of quality of sleep. At elderly care facilities, the depression of old people was highly connected with the state of vision, mastication ability, sleep state, and hearing ability. In short, the depression of old people at elderly care facilities is highly connected to the health state perceived individually. The findings point to the importance of close interest in individual health state and management of old people in poor vision, mastication ability in healthcare and nursing intervention.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

Objectives: Professional firefighters face various health hazards and are required to maintain both physical and mental fitness to effectively mitigate crises and respond to emergencies. Moreover, the long working hours and shift work of this profession impact sleep quality. This study investigated the quality of sleep and its associated factors among firefighters in Bangkok, Thailand. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of firefighters affiliated with the Bangkok Fire and Rescue Department, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand between January 2023 and March 2023. A cluster random sampling technique was utilized to distribute 600 questionnaires to firefighters in 15 fire stations. The questionnaire addressed demographic, work-related, and environmental factors. Sleep quality was assessed using the Thai version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data analysis involved both descriptive and inferential statistics. Bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were performed. Results: The response rate was 78.7% (n=472), and 44.1% of the firefighters reported poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5). Sleep quality was statistically associated with conflicting family relationships (odds ratio [OR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 2.9), additional part-time jobs (daytime, OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3 to 4.4; or nighttime, OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 1.1 to 16.7), noisy sleeping areas (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8), and the availability of adequate bedding (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.9). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality among firefighters was associated with various personal, work-related, and environmental factors. Organizations should promote policies that improve sleep quality through good sleep hygiene practices and facilities.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2019

Personality, especially neuroticism has been found related to be related with poor sleep quality. This study focused on emotion regulation, reappraisal and suppression, which can buffer or aggravate the effect of neuroticism influencing sleep quality. One hundred and forty two ordinary adults were used in this study and were recruited and required to complete a package of questionnaires including: the Eysenck personality Questionnaire/EPQ, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire/ERQ, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index/PSQI. The result was that participants with higher neuroticism had poorer sleep qualities than those with lower neuroticism. Moreover, participants that had high neuroticism and high reappraisal had better sleep qualities. This means that there was an interaction effect of neuroticism and reappraisal on sleep quality. However, suppression did not have a moderating effect on the relation between neuroticism and sleep quality. These findings inferred that reappraisal plays an important moderating role (buffering effect) on the relationship between neuroticism and sleep quality. Reappraisal cannot only prevent people high in neuroticism from sleep problems but can also buffer symptoms of sleep disorder by treating patient's negative emotions.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2015

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between headache and sleep by evaluating sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and specific features related to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Methods: One hundred one subjects with headache and 118 healthy controls were enrolled. To collect various information on headache attacks, headache group completed self-reported questionnaire about the characteristics of headache attacks and the migraine disability assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire. The subjective quality of sleep was evaluated in all of the subjects using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). In addition, the following specific features of sleep were evaluated in 28 subjects selected randomly from each group: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), prevalence of SDB, nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO2), and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as measured using a portable monitoring device. Results: The global PSQI and the prevalence of poor sleeping (global PSQI >5), ESS scores and the prevalence of daytime sleepiness (ESS score >10) were significantly higher in the headache group (both p<0.0001, respectively). The mean scores on the numerical rating scale and the MIDAS were significantly higher in the poor-sleeper group than in the good-sleeper group (p=0.0347 and p=0.0016, respectively). The global PQSI and prevalence of daytime sleepiness were significantly higher in the chronic-headache group than in the acute-headache group (p=0.0003 and p=0.0312, respectively). Conclusions: There is a significant association between headache and sleep. Especially, severity and chronicity of headache were significantly associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness.