• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

Gastrectomy is the most effective method of treating gastric cancer, but it is commonly associated with weight loss, nutritional deficiencies, and the increased risk of malnutrition due to post-surgery complications, including gastric stasis, dumping syndrome, malabsorption, and maldigestion. Malnutrition is a risk factor for postoperative complications and poor prognosis. To prevent it and guarantee a quick recovery after surgery, continuous and individualized nutrition intervention should be performed both before surgery and postoperatively. The Department of Dietetics at Samsung Medical Center (SMC) performed nutritional status assessment before gastrectomy, initial nutritional assessment within 24 hours of admission, description of therapeutic diet after surgery, nutrition counselling before discharge, and nutritional status assessment and individual nutrition counselling after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months from surgery. This is a case report of a patient who underwent gastrectomy as well as intensive nutrition intervention in SMC.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2016

Purpose: Zinc deficiency can induce serious clinical problems in the gastrointestinal (GI) system and immune system and can affect growth and development. It is more severe in younger patients. Chronic zinc deficiency is reflected more precisely in hair than in serum. We studied hair zinc levels and other hair and serum micronutrients in chronic malnourished children to identify which micronutrients are affected or correlated with the other ones. Methods: Hair mineral analyses were performed in 56 children (age, 1-15 years) presenting with malnutrition, poor growth, poor appetite, anorexia, with/without other GI symptoms (diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation) from August 2012 to March 2015. Biochemical studies for macronutrients and major micronutrients were also conducted. Results: Hair zinc deficiency was diagnosed in 88%, and serum zinc deficiency was diagnosed in 55% of the children. There was no statistical correlation between serum and tissue zinc level. Hair zinc levels were highly correlated with serum vitamin D (r=-0.479, p=0.001), which also showed correlation with hair levels of magnesium and calcium. (r=0.564, 0.339, p=0.001, 0.011). Hair calcium level was correlated with serum pre-albumin (r=0.423, p=0.001). These correlations may explain the phenomenon that the major clinical manifestation of zinc deficiency is poor body growth. Clinical symptoms were resolved in most children after zinc supplementation. Conclusion: Hair zinc and mineral analyses are useful as a therapeutic guide in the clinical investigation of children with malnutrition and poor growth.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.370-376
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• 2002

This study was designed to investigate lunch of the boy's and girl's middle school students in Busan. The survey was conducted from September 15 to September 30 in 2002. It was revealed that there is no difference in the scores measuring the knowledge In nutrition and the eating habit between male students and females. 10.6 % of the male students scored poor in the knowledge in nutrition, 38.2% fair 42.5% good and 8.7% excellent respectively while 4.1% of the female students scored poor in the same area, 31.6% fair, 52.1% good and 12.2% excellent respectively. The biggest number of both group of students scored good in their eating habit, the second biggest fair, the third biggest excellent and the least scored poor. Female students were reported to bring their lunch more than the male students do(p<0.05). And there was a significantly difference in the frequency of bringing lunch according to their knowledge in nutrition and their dietary attitude(p<0.001), but whether mothers have .jobs or not, mothers'educational background or monthly expenses for food didn't seem to make any differences. The intakes of nutritional elements except phosphorus and vitamin C are lower than RDA. The ratio of intakes of nutritional elements from lunch was 13∼14.1% of calcium, 17.9∼19.2% of vitamin A and 19.3∼19.6% of iron, showing a significant unbalance in nutritional intakes. Nutritional intakes had little relationship with the knowledge in nutrition and eating habit. The frequency of carrying lunch, energy intakes and phosphorus intakes had significantly relationship with each other. And the better the eating habit was, the more often the individual carried lunch.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.357-366
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• 2005

Elder people in Korea was affecting the nutritional status by following factors : low energy intakes, low food diversity, and poor quality of nutrition. Management a nutrition education program was planned to change the elder's nutrition knowledge and improve their nutritional status. There are seven kinds of indicator - knowledge for health questionnaire (before and after education) - we have investigated elderly nutrition education group in Su-Jung ku, Sung-Nam city. The items of surveyed was general characteristics and anthropometric measurement of the elder people, their mini dietary assessment index score, nutritional risk, nutrition knowledge test, and it's valuation comparisons between the before and after every education we did. According to the results of mini dietary assessment index score, the mean was 22.7 at the maximum 30 points and $94.2\%$ of respondents got more than nomal group. The nutritional risk score was the highest in 'high risk' group. Also the results of nutrition knowlede test showed that the mean increase $35.1\%$ of respondents. Therefore, significant improvement results showed by nutrition education programs in elders. These results suggests that the educating nutrition programs fur elder's encouraging eating behavior themselves and changing their knowledge in nutrition.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 2004

Purpose: This study examined the health status of elderly. Method: This is a survey using cross-sectional design. The subject were 122 elders who were 65 and over in Daejeon. Instrumental activity of daily living, nutrition and Body mass index for physical health status, social engagement for social health status, and depression and loneliness for emotional health status were measured. Results: Independent level was medium, and nutrition and BMI were normal level. Social engagement score was 2.38 which means low. Mean depression level was 7.71 and mean loneliness level was 56.77, which means high. The risk factors for vulnerable health status were no spouse, lower pocket money, living at institution, poor subjective health status. Conclusion: This finding indicates that the elderly subjects were in normal physical health status, but social and emotional health status were poor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.844-855
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nutritional status and dietary intake of gastrectomized cancer patients. For this study, from 1993. 1 to 1993. 8, 50 postoperative gastric cancer patients were selected to examine anthropometric and laboratory data(Body Weight, Body Fat, serum Albumin, Total Lympocyte count), and dietary intake related symptoms. The results were 1) All anthropometric and laboratory data were significantly deteriorated by gastrectomy(s-Albumin, TLC. Body Fat : p<0.001). Weight loss of gastrectomized patients was 8.23$\pm$3.72% from admission to discharge. 2) In many gastrectomized cancer patients, preoperative dietary intake was decreased by abdominal discomfort, indigestion, early satiety, and anorexia. 3) Postoperative energy intake was 602$\pm$158㎉, and it is correspond to 31.18$\pm$.90% of daily energy requirement(1918$\pm$236㎉). The cause of poor oral intake is mostly fear, abdominal distension and fullness, and early satiety. In consideration of the fact that an inadequate energy intake was the main cause of the decreasing nutritional status, a careful nutritional care and dietary education is necessry after gastrectomy.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of subjective recognition for oral health in HBsAg positive carriers based on the data of the $5^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods : A statistical package SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the relationship between oral health status and subjective oral health awareness based on data of the $5^{th}$ National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Results : The subjective poor oral health was found in those who had mastication and speaking discomfort and those having dental prosthesis. Conclusions : The respondents considered themselves to be in poor oral health when the subjective systemic health status and objective oral health status were worse.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

The zinc intake and status of South Koreans from rural, urban and metropolitan areas were compared to evaluate the zinc nutritional status in different regional areas in South Korea. The dietary habits of 721 healthy adult subjects (271 from rural, 240 from urban, 210 from metropolitan city) with an age range 30 ∼ 64 (mean age 54$\pm$18) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Mean daily Zn intake for rural, urban, and metropolitan areas was 6.5 mg, 7.3 mg, and 11.4 mg (p<0.05), respectively, which was 54%,61% and 95% of the Korean RDA for man (12 mg/d). Mean phytate: zinc molar ratios for rural, urban, and metropolitan city were 41, 34, and 30, respectively (p < 0.05), which were higher than the cutoff level of 20 for poor zinc status. The zinc intake and phytate: Zn molar ratio in the rural area were 0.5 and 1.3-fold compared to those of the metropolitan city, which can cause poor zinc nutriture in the rural area. Most of the zinc biomarkers were lower in the rural area than in the metropolitan city (p < 0.05) (mean rural and metropolitan values for plasma Zn: 80.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 119.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; RBC Zn: 7.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 8.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity: 87 mU/mL and 100.4 mU/mL, respectively). It seems that a lower zinc intake in the rural area decreased zinc biomarker levels, such as plasma and RBC zinc, and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, and caused the poor zinc nutritional status in this area. Most of the zinc biomarkers, such as RBC zinc and urinary and plasma zinc levels, in the subjects from the three localities, were within the normal range even when zinc intake of rural and urban subjects was low. The exception was plasma ALP activity in the rural area, which was lower than the reference level. Thus, marked zinc deficiency in these subjects were not observed, however, the potential for marginal zinc deficiency should be considered, especially for the rural area, because of the low zinc intake and the biomarker levels for marginal zinc deficiency.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.406-421
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood biochemical characteristics, comorbidities, dietary intake, and other risk factors leading to poor glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) control in elderly Korean diabetes patients over 65 years of age. Methods: Data from the 4^th (2007-2009) and the 7^th (2016-2018) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) were used. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, region, household income, education level, marital status, nutrition education, diabetes duration and diabetes treatment), lifestyle characteristics (drinking, smoking, regular walking, and subjective health perception), anthropometric characteristics (height, weight, and waist circumference), blood biochemical characteristics (HbA1c, high- density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, total cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and blood creatinine), co-morbidities (obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and anemia), energy and nutrients intake, food group intake, and HbA1c control-related risk factors were compared. Results: Compared to the 4^th survey, the 7^th survey showed an increase in diabetes prevalence among men, an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the older patients, and an increase in the duration of diabetes. The energy ratio from carbohydrate consumption in the 7^th survey was lower than in the 4^th. Compared to the 4^th survey, thiamine and riboflavin intake had improved, and the intakes of vitamin A, vitamin C, and niacin had worsened in the 7^th. A comparison of food group intakes showed that there was a decrease in the consumption of whole grains, potatoes, and milk and an increase in the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. The risk factors for poor control of HbA1c were the duration of diabetes and co-morbid hypertriglyceridemia in the 4^th survey, whereas subjective health perception, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia as co-morbidities were found to be risk factors in the 7^th in addition to the risk factors highlighted in the 4^th survey. Conclusions: For the future management of elderly Korean diabetes patients, greater care is indicated for men over 75 years, and those with low levels of education. It is necessary to increase the intake of milk and vegetables, and reduce the intake of beverages and alcoholic beverages. In addition, it is necessary to reduce the incidence of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia for proper control of blood sugar.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 1997

Low energy intakes, poor nutritional quality, and low food diversity are among the factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly in Korea. Therefore, a nutrition counseling and education program was conducted to promote dietary change and to improve nutritional status of elderly. The 7 step program consisted of a individual nutrition counseling and weekly or biweekly group nutrition education programs. Pre- and post-test measurings of dietary behaviors, attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and 24-hour dietary recall data were collected. Positive changes in the attitude related to diet were noted, whereas nutritional knowledge scores were not improved. Significant increases were noted in the frequency of vegetable consumption in female and diversity of food consumption in male. The densities of vitamin C(male & female), $B_1$, $B_2$, and niacin, calculated using the INQ(Index of Nutritional Quality), were significantly improved by nutrition counseling and education programs. These results suggest the appropriateness of nutrition intervention programs for the improvement of elderly nutrition.