• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.1015-1021
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• 2016

Structures, systems, and components (SSCs) important to safety of nuclear facilities shall be designed, fabricated, erected, and tested to quality standards commensurate with the importance of the safety functions. Although SSC classification guidelines for nuclear power plants have been well established and applied, those for research reactors have been only recently established by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Korea has operated a pool-type research reactor (the High Flux Advanced Neutron Application Reactor) and has recently exported another pool-type reactor (Jordan Research and Training Reactor), which is being built in Jordan. Korea also has a plan to build one more pool-type reactor, the Kijang Research Reactor, in Kijang, Busan. The safety classification of SSCs for pool-type research reactors is proposed in this paper based on the IAEA methodology. The proposal recommends that the SSCs of pool-type research reactors be categorized and classified on basis of their safety functions and safety significance. Because the SSCs in pool-type research reactors are not the pressure-retaining components, codes and standards for design of the SSCs following the safety classification can be selected in a graded approach.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2014

A river fishway is a hydraulic structure enabling fish to overcome stream obstructions such as dams and weirs. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the collectibility of upstream-migrating fishes and hydraulic problems in pool-and-weir type fishway which has been established for upstream-migration at Namgang weir in the downstream of Namgang dam, and to grope for improvement measures which pool-and-weir type fishway can be switched to pool-and-partial weir type fishway through hydraulic field experiment. Exsisting fishway had problems which upstream-migrating fishes can not take a rest due to the seiche and vortex phenomena in pools and migrate to upstream because of height difference in entrance pool. In order to prevent hydraulically the seiche and vortex phenomena and establish rest area for fishes in each pool, we carried out hydraulic field experiments. In the fishway, it was to improve pool-and-weir into pool-and-partil weir, to decrease the height difference in entrance pool, and to reduce oriffice velocity of each pool. Also, we investigated fishes collectibility of after improving fishway for 6 days in September 2013. To resolve chronic problems(seiche-vortex phenomena and rest area for fishes), as weirs were remodeled into partial weir only which central part of weirs was part of non-overflow weir, we confirmed results that pool-and-weir type fishway could be switched to efficient pool-and-partial weir type fishway with relatively simple construction and low cost. Type-B which has the closed oriffices and the parts of non-overflow has the ideal conditions, but this conditions are limited to fishway of Namgang weir used in this study. Representative Ice-habor type fishway is pool-and-partial weir type fishway which has together parts of overflow and oriffices, and has excellent ability of upstream-migration. To switch from pool-and-weir type fishway to pool-and-partial weir type fishway, the size of oriffice has to be regulated by the discharge of fishway and the dimension on parts of non-overflow and overflow in weirs. Entrance pool is important facility which upstream-migrating fishes have to not only be collect but also charge with energy. In this study, entrance-pool is temporary and roughly-built, but fishes gather together more than the case of no entrance-pool. In the case of fishway which was protruded to downstream, as entrance of fishway turns toward or parallels to weir, the collectibility of fishway was excellent by attraction water.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

2009년 8월부터 2010년 4월까지 탄천 9개 미소서식지에서 어류상과 피라미 개체군의 특성을 조사하였다. 조사 기간동안 채집된 어류는 총 7과 17종개체가 확인되었다. 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Hemiculter eigenmanni와 Odontobutis interrupta로 2종(11.8%)이었으며 국외도입종은 Microterus salmoides 1종 이었다. 우점종으로는 Zacco platypus, 아우점종으로는 Carassius auratus 이었다. 서식처별로는 댐형 웅덩이, 사행형 웅덩이, 평여울, 거석형 웅덩이 등에서 Carassius auratus가 우점하였고, Pseudogobio esocinus는 샛강, Rhinogobius brunneus는 급여울, Z. platypus 는 개방형 하도습지, 낙차형 웅덩이, 폐쇄형 웅덩이 등에서 우점하였다. Z. platypus의 성장도와 비만도의 회귀계수 b값이 3.29의 값으로 나타났고 PCA 분석 결과 탄천에서 크게 3개의 Group으로 나누어졌다. 탄천의 서식처 별 Bray-Curtis Cluster 분석을 실시한 결과 낙차형 웅덩이와 폐쇄형 하도습지가 65.9%로 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 30.4%로 댐형 웅덩이와 급여울이 가장 대조적인 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.303-313
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• 2014

2008년 8월부터 2009년 6월까지 논산천의 10개 미소서식처 유형에 따른 어류군집의 공간분포특성을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 총 6과 26종 1,130개체가 확인되었다. 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Squalidus japonicus coreanus, Hemiculter eigenmanni, Pseudobagrus koreanus, Odontobutis interrupta 등 총 5종(19.2%)으로 확인되었으며, 우점종은 Zacco platypus, 아우점종은 Tridentiger brevispinis로 조사되었다. 서식처 유형별 우점종은 낙차형 웅덩이, 거석형 웅덩이에서 Micropterus salmoides, 개방형 하도습지, 폐쇄형 하도습지(구하도)에서 Lepomis macrochirus, 폐쇄형 하도습지(범람형), 평여울에서 T. brevispinis, 급여울, 사행형 웅덩이, 샛강, 댐형 웅덩이에서 Z. platypus가 우점하였다. 군집분석 결과 샛강에서 우점도지수가 낮고, 다양도지수는 높게 나타나 서식처 유형별 가장 안정적인 군집구조를 유지하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 논산천의 서식처 유형별 유사도 분석 결과 사행형 웅덩이와 급여울이 80.8%로 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 서식처 유형에 따라 크게 두 개의 그룹으로 구분이 되었다. 주성분 분석 결과 10개의 서식처 유형들이 유수역 특성이 나타나는 서식처와 정수역 특성이 나타나는 서식처로 구분되어 분석되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 1999년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.53-59
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• 1999

최근의 정보통신 관련 표준화 활동에 있어서 특허권의 조화 문제를 위하여 특허POOL이 활성화되고 있는 추세이다 본 고에서는 이러한 표준화와 관련된 특허POOL의 최근 주요한 사례들을 집중적으로 다루어 보았다. 특허POOL 팔용 사례들을 다룸으로써 특허POOL의 여러가지 실제적인 의미들을 진단할 수 있을 것으로 본다. 본 고에서는 특허POOL의 형성 특성별로 전형적인 구축 사례로서 조직적 규모를 갖춘 전문적인 관리 기구인 MPEG LA(Moving Picture Experts Croup Licensing Administrator)의 설립을 통하여 운영됨으로써 특허POOL 구축의 선구적 효시가 되고 있는 MPEC-2 특허POOL과 특허POOL이 분열된 유형인 DVD 특허POOL, 기업 외세에 의하여 형성된 유형인 IEEE1394 특허POOL, 그리고 이동통신 기술 분야의 UMTS(Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)에서 형성되고 있는 특허POOL을 분석하여 소개한다

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.2204-2220
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• 2020

An open-pool type research reactor is designed and operated considering the accessibility around the pool top area to enhance the reactor utilization. The reactor structure assembly is placed at the bottom of the pool and filled with water as a primary coolant for the core cooling and radiation shielding. Most radioactive materials are generated from the fuel assemblies in the reactor core and circulated with the primary coolant. If the primary coolant goes up to the pool surface, the radiation level increases around the working area near the top of the pool. Hence, the hot water layer is designed and formed at the upper part of the pool to suppress the rising of the primary coolant to the pool surface. The temperature gradient is established from the hot water layer to the primary coolant. As this temperature gradient suppresses the circulation of the primary coolant at the upper region of the pool, the radioactive primary coolant rising up directly to the pool surface is minimized. Water mixing between these layers is reduced because the hot water layer is formed above the primary coolant with a higher temperature. The radiation level above the pool surface area is maintained as low as reasonably achievable since the radioactive materials in the primary coolant are trapped under the hot water layer. The key to maintaining the stable hot water layer and keeping the radiation level low on the pool surface is to have a stable flow of the primary coolant. In the research reactor with a downward core flow, the primary coolant is dumped into the reactor pool and goes to the reactor core through the flow guide structure. Flow fields of the primary coolant at the lower region of the reactor pool are largely affected by the dumped primary coolant. Simple, circular, and duct type discharge headers are designed to control the flow fields and make the primary coolant flow stable in the reactor pool. In this research, flow fields of the primary coolant and hot water layer are numerically simulated in the reactor pool. The heat transfer rate, temperature, and velocity fields are taken into consideration to determine the formation of the stable hot water layer and primary coolant flow. The bulk Richardson number is used to evaluate the stability of the flow field. A duct type discharge header is finally chosen to dump the primary coolant into the reactor pool. The bulk Richardson number should be higher than 2.7 and the temperature of the hot water layer should be 1 ℃ higher than the temperature of the primary coolant to maintain the stability of the stratified thermal layer.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제56권spc1호
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• pp.1037-1048
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• 2023

하천에 설치된 댐, 보 등과 같은 횡단구조물은 수생태계에 영향을 미치며 종적 연결성을 단절하기 때문에 어류의 이동을 확보하기 위하여 어도가 설치된다. 그러나 어도 내부의 흐름 특성 및 어종에 따라 어류의 통과효율의 차이가 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 RANS 모형과 자유수면 해석을 위한 VOF (volume of fluid)기법을 적용한 수치모형을 활용하여 계단식 어도에서 발생하는 난류흐름을 수치모의 하였다. 계단식 어도의 pool의 길이 변화 및 상류 수위 변동을 고려하였으며 이들의 변화에 따라 평균유속 및 난류운동에너지 분포를 분석하였다. 표면류 및 잠입류 특성을 잘 재현하였으며 pool의 길이가 증가하면서 표면류에서 잠입류로 변화하였고 상류 수위가 증가함에 따라 표면류 특성이 명확하게 나타났다. 어도 내 어류의 이동과 관련된 수리학적 인자는 유속 및 난류운동에너지 등이 있으며 이를 바탕으로 어류의 소상 가능성을 검토하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.230-240
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• 2013

2008년 8월부터 2009년 6월까지 홍천강의 8개 미소서식처 유형에 따른 어류상과 피라미 개체군의 특징을 조사하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 총 6과 21종 1,033개체가 확인되었다. 출현한 어종 중 한국고유종은 Acheilognathus signifer, Microphysogobio longidorsalis, Pseudopungtungia tenuicorpa, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Zacco koreanus, Iksookimia koreensis, Silurus microdorsalis, Liobagrus andersoni, Coreoperca herzi, Odontobuitis interrupta, O. platycephala 등 총 13종(61.9%)으로 확인되었으며, 우점종은 Z. koreanus, 아우점종은 Z. platypus로 조사되었다. 서식처 유형별 우점종은 샛강, 낙차형 웅덩이, 급여울에서 Z. platypus, 개방형 하도습지, 평여울, 사행형 웅덩이, 거석형 웅덩이에서 Z. koreanus, 댐형 웅덩이에서 Microphysogobio yaluensis, 폐쇄형 하도습지에서 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus가 우점하였다. Z. platypus의 전장-체중 상관도의 회귀계수 b값이 3.27의 값으로 나타났고, 주성분 분석 결과 홍천강은 크게 2개의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 홍천강의 서식처 유형별 유사도 분석 결과 개방형 하도습지와 사행형 웅덩이가 66.2%로 가장 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 샛강과 폐쇄형 하도습지가 32.1%로 가장 대조적으로 분석되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.102-119
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• 2004

This study investigates the relation between the location of a habitat and the ecological connections according to the habitat type in the riparian zone at the Bokha stream. Stream habitat is classified into nine types for the aquatic insects and fish. For vegetation and birds, habitat is classified into five types of medium-scale streams, including both physical and chemical streams are analyzed accordingly. The major results of this study are as follows: 1) A pool connected to the main stream has a certain water depth (about 80 cm) and is disturbed at least 5 to 6 times a year. Although the pool has a somewhat bad water quality, it provides a habitat for various types of young fish. 2) A meander riffle is about 15 cm deep, the flow velocity in the region is about 75 cm/s. This region does not have large structures to which aquatic insects can attach, so it cannot be used as a spawning ground. 3) A rock type pool is about 60 cm deep, the flow velocity in the meander riffle is about 25 cm/s. In this region, many aquatic insects attached to large structures appear. Due to various riparian vegetation, the rock type pool is used as a habitat for aquatic insects. 4) A pool which is only connected to the main stream during floods has a bad water quality. Despite of its relatively small size, it has a high population density of aquatic insects. faculty.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4585-4600
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• 2022

A pool scrubber is often used as a wet-type design to mitigate the consequence of a severe nuclear accident. While studies indicated higher decontamination performance of a deeper pool, utilizing a very tall pool can be problematic due to potential structural stability and water backflow issues. This study proposes, as an alternative to a single pool system, a pool scrubber system composed of serially connected multiple pools with lower heights. Since large fraction of aerosol removal takes place in the injection region, serially connected pool scrubber system is expected to enhance the overall decontamination capability of a pool scrubber system. To support the analysis of the proposed system's decontamination capability, a new computer model was developed in the study to describe the bubble size dependent effect on aerosol removal including the effect of pool residence time. The accuracy of the new model was examined against experimental data for its validation. The proposed scrubber system composed of serially connected multiple shorter pools is found to have much improved decontamination performance over the current single pool system design.